The documents discuss several proposals to address water scarcity issues through large-scale inter-basin water transfer projects:
1) One proposal is to transfer water from the James Bay Water Basin in Canada to the drought-stricken central U.S., as it is one of the only basins in North America with surplus water.
2) Other proposals include transferring water from rivers in Canada like the Ottawa River to the Great Lakes, using a new Helical Unique Generation (HUG) siphon system that could also generate clean electricity.
3) The HUG siphon system would be more sustainable than other options like digging a large canal, as it could transfer water underground with less environmental disruption.
HUG Siphon System
• The water level behind the Otto Holden Hydro Dam on the Ottawa River can be maintained at 179.5 m above sea level, while the water level in Lake Huron is 176.5 m. This difference of 3 m is the basis of water transfer through a HUG Siphon System for 171 km.
• The HUG Siphon system can be buried under any populated built up areas. HUG can also be raised to189.5 m above sea level.
• It will be difficult to say NO to Water Export Revenue of $433 Million/year at the auction price of $0.13/ m3s for 135 m3
• Each of the 150 million people whose needs could be served by the project would pay the reasonable rate of $50 per year. In this case, annual income from the exports would be $7.5 billion.
• The total initial cost of this mega project is $347.5 + $232.25 = $580 million.
• HUG has a potential of Hydro Revenue of $210 Million/yr (11 kW/m2)
• HUG has a potential of Water Export Revenue of 56 m3s@auction price of $0.13/ m3s of $180 Million/yr / HUG System
• Water Export Revenue of 2000 m3s = $6.4 Billion/yr for 35 HUG Siphon Systems
• Return on Investment : $180 +$210 / $580 million = 67%/yr for 1 HUG System.
• An alternative desalination plant (1.2 m3s) is twice the price, because it is energy intensive and it incurs high-pollution costs that could escalate as energy price increase.
• Nine bodies of 265 m3s water share the same environment: only a distance of 1.5 m to 12 km apart, which can be diverted to Lake Superior.
The Colorado River is over 2,300 km long and drains parts of several western U.S. states and Mexico. It provides water for over 24 million people and extensive agriculture but faces challenges from climate change, overuse, and rising salinity levels. Water management efforts include dams for hydroelectricity and irrigation and a desalination plant, while agreements divide the river's water between the upper and lower basins. Recent strategies aim to share drought risks between the river's large reservoirs and encourage conservation.
This document discusses food chains, food webs, and the impact of human interactions on aquatic ecosystems. It provides examples of biotic and abiotic components of marine ecosystems and describes typical food chains and food webs. Human activities like overfishing, pollution, coastal development, and tourism are negatively impacting marine ecosystems by disturbing food webs, damaging habitats, and accumulating toxins. The document also examines water demand and supply in Bangalore, India, given its population growth. It analyzes Bangalore's water sources and consumption trends, the existing shortfall, and recommends strategies like conservation, wastewater recycling, and groundwater recharge to close the growing gap between demand and supply.
Rockland County faces increasing water demand that exceeds its sustainable supply. United Water NY proposes a desalination plant on the Hudson River in Haverstraw to produce 1.5 million gallons per day initially. Desalination is expensive and energy intensive, and the plant's waste may increase river contamination. Alternative options like developing other sources or implementing further conservation measures deserve further consideration given the plant's high costs and environmental impacts. Local governments and citizen groups have opposed the plant due to these concerns.
The document summarizes the construction of two major civil engineering projects: the Panama Canal and the Los Angeles Aqueduct. The Panama Canal took two attempts to complete, with the Americans finishing it from 1904-1914 after disease killed many French workers in their initial attempt. The Los Angeles Aqueduct, built from 1905-1913 under William Mulholland, brought water from the Owens Valley to Los Angeles and enabled its growth, though drought and a dam collapse later caused water shortages. Both projects involved overcoming immense technical challenges to transport water or ships across long distances.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: WATER. It contains: the demand for water, water management, case studies: UK, NIGERIA, INDONESIA, MALAYSIA. Water for agriculture, industrial use, domestic water use, management of water usage in MDEC and LEDC.
The document discusses the history of pollution and restoration efforts in the Willamette River in Oregon. It describes how the river was once declared an "open sewer" but water quality has improved due to various regulatory actions from the 1930s onward. However, the river and its fish populations still face threats including invasive species, pollution, and lack of access to cold water refuges during heat waves. Overall restoration progress depends on coordinated long-term efforts to improve habitat complexity and allow natural floodplain dynamics.
The Three Gorges Dam is the largest hydroelectric dam in the world, located on the Yangtze River in China. It took over 17 years and 40,000 workers to build the 2,335 meter long and 181 meter tall dam. The dam provides significant benefits like flood control, clean electricity generation, and improved navigation on the Yangtze River. However, building the dam also had large social and environmental impacts, such as the relocation of over 1.2 million people and submergence of important archaeological sites.
HUG Siphon System
• The water level behind the Otto Holden Hydro Dam on the Ottawa River can be maintained at 179.5 m above sea level, while the water level in Lake Huron is 176.5 m. This difference of 3 m is the basis of water transfer through a HUG Siphon System for 171 km.
• The HUG Siphon system can be buried under any populated built up areas. HUG can also be raised to189.5 m above sea level.
• It will be difficult to say NO to Water Export Revenue of $433 Million/year at the auction price of $0.13/ m3s for 135 m3
• Each of the 150 million people whose needs could be served by the project would pay the reasonable rate of $50 per year. In this case, annual income from the exports would be $7.5 billion.
• The total initial cost of this mega project is $347.5 + $232.25 = $580 million.
• HUG has a potential of Hydro Revenue of $210 Million/yr (11 kW/m2)
• HUG has a potential of Water Export Revenue of 56 m3s@auction price of $0.13/ m3s of $180 Million/yr / HUG System
• Water Export Revenue of 2000 m3s = $6.4 Billion/yr for 35 HUG Siphon Systems
• Return on Investment : $180 +$210 / $580 million = 67%/yr for 1 HUG System.
• An alternative desalination plant (1.2 m3s) is twice the price, because it is energy intensive and it incurs high-pollution costs that could escalate as energy price increase.
• Nine bodies of 265 m3s water share the same environment: only a distance of 1.5 m to 12 km apart, which can be diverted to Lake Superior.
The Colorado River is over 2,300 km long and drains parts of several western U.S. states and Mexico. It provides water for over 24 million people and extensive agriculture but faces challenges from climate change, overuse, and rising salinity levels. Water management efforts include dams for hydroelectricity and irrigation and a desalination plant, while agreements divide the river's water between the upper and lower basins. Recent strategies aim to share drought risks between the river's large reservoirs and encourage conservation.
This document discusses food chains, food webs, and the impact of human interactions on aquatic ecosystems. It provides examples of biotic and abiotic components of marine ecosystems and describes typical food chains and food webs. Human activities like overfishing, pollution, coastal development, and tourism are negatively impacting marine ecosystems by disturbing food webs, damaging habitats, and accumulating toxins. The document also examines water demand and supply in Bangalore, India, given its population growth. It analyzes Bangalore's water sources and consumption trends, the existing shortfall, and recommends strategies like conservation, wastewater recycling, and groundwater recharge to close the growing gap between demand and supply.
Rockland County faces increasing water demand that exceeds its sustainable supply. United Water NY proposes a desalination plant on the Hudson River in Haverstraw to produce 1.5 million gallons per day initially. Desalination is expensive and energy intensive, and the plant's waste may increase river contamination. Alternative options like developing other sources or implementing further conservation measures deserve further consideration given the plant's high costs and environmental impacts. Local governments and citizen groups have opposed the plant due to these concerns.
The document summarizes the construction of two major civil engineering projects: the Panama Canal and the Los Angeles Aqueduct. The Panama Canal took two attempts to complete, with the Americans finishing it from 1904-1914 after disease killed many French workers in their initial attempt. The Los Angeles Aqueduct, built from 1905-1913 under William Mulholland, brought water from the Owens Valley to Los Angeles and enabled its growth, though drought and a dam collapse later caused water shortages. Both projects involved overcoming immense technical challenges to transport water or ships across long distances.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: WATER. It contains: the demand for water, water management, case studies: UK, NIGERIA, INDONESIA, MALAYSIA. Water for agriculture, industrial use, domestic water use, management of water usage in MDEC and LEDC.
The document discusses the history of pollution and restoration efforts in the Willamette River in Oregon. It describes how the river was once declared an "open sewer" but water quality has improved due to various regulatory actions from the 1930s onward. However, the river and its fish populations still face threats including invasive species, pollution, and lack of access to cold water refuges during heat waves. Overall restoration progress depends on coordinated long-term efforts to improve habitat complexity and allow natural floodplain dynamics.
The Three Gorges Dam is the largest hydroelectric dam in the world, located on the Yangtze River in China. It took over 17 years and 40,000 workers to build the 2,335 meter long and 181 meter tall dam. The dam provides significant benefits like flood control, clean electricity generation, and improved navigation on the Yangtze River. However, building the dam also had large social and environmental impacts, such as the relocation of over 1.2 million people and submergence of important archaeological sites.
Forgotten People and NGS: Securing Environmental and Climate Justiceen3pro
The document discusses the environmental and health impacts of the Navajo Generating Station, a coal-fired power plant on Navajo land. It calls for a transition to clean energy sources rather than retrofitting the plant, citing concerns about toxic coal ash, greenhouse gas emissions, and unreliable water and coal supplies. Public health problems in nearby communities are detailed, and recommendations are made to install emissions controls, redesign infrastructure to accommodate renewable energy, and provide water access to western Navajo communities.
Forgotten People and NGS - Securing Economic & Climate Justiceen3pro
The document discusses the environmental and health impacts of the Navajo Generating Station, a coal-fired power plant on Navajo land. It calls for a transition to clean energy sources rather than retrofitting the plant, citing concerns about toxic coal ash, greenhouse gas emissions, and unreliable water and coal supplies. Public health problems in nearby communities are detailed, and recommendations are made to install emissions controls, redesign infrastructure to accommodate renewable energy, and provide water access to western Navajo communities.
This document discusses the importance of water storage for hydropower, sustainable development, and poverty eradication. It argues that reservoirs provide essential services like water regulation, supply, and flood control. While some groups oppose dams and reservoirs due to environmental concerns, reservoirs offer similar ecological benefits to natural lakes and allow for renewable hydropower. The document asserts that without infrastructure investments in water storage, goals like universal access to water and electricity cannot be achieved.
The document discusses Chicago's water supply and usage. It notes that Chicago withdraws nearly 1 billion gallons of water per day from Lake Michigan to meet the needs of residents, businesses, and other users in the greater Chicago region. However, it raises questions about whether this vast supply is truly limitless and if current usage is sustainable. It provides background on the history of Chicago's complex relationship with water, including early flooding issues and pollution problems that led to the reversal of the Chicago River in the late 1800s.
The Community Program Advisory Committee meeting on August 29, 2005 covered updates on wastewater treatment projects in Point Place, River Road, and Bay View areas. The committee discussed letters to the EPA regarding financial commitments to wastewater treatment and concerns about strain on residents. They planned to revisit the EPA letter and budget issues at their next meeting in October.
California is experiencing a severe drought that has impacted water access for both urban and rural communities. Governor Brown has proposed a $25 billion plan to construct underground tunnels to divert fresh water from the Sacramento River to provide more reliable water sources for some areas. However, the plan has been criticized for not addressing the needs of all communities or ensuring the environmental protection of the San Francisco Bay Delta ecosystem that relies on the Sacramento River water. The long-term impacts and viability of the tunnel plan remain uncertain, as it may not equitably or sustainably manage California's water resources.
The Hawaii state government is proposing to spend $30 million over two years to repair the leaking reflecting pools at the State Capitol building. The pools have deteriorated after 50 years and now require rebuilding walls, installing a false bottom to make maintenance easier, and adding filtration and chlorine treatment. Some lawmakers question the large costs for maintenance. Reflecting pools at other capitol buildings like the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. also struggle with persistent algae growth issues despite repair efforts. Proper maintenance of reflecting pools requires balancing the water chemistry and controlling nutrient levels that feed algae growth.
Troubled waters article for thirsty planetJoe McClung
1) Water scarcity is a growing global crisis affecting over a billion people who lack access to clean water, especially in developing countries in Africa and Asia.
2) Three regions facing particularly dire water issues are China, India, and the West Bank. In China, widespread pollution from industry and agriculture has contaminated major rivers like the Yangtze and Yellow, threatening water supplies.
3) In India, while dams were built to provide irrigation water, inadequate infrastructure and overuse has led to falling water tables and conflicts between farmers competing for scarce groundwater.
4) On the West Bank, the water crisis is intertwined with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, as Palestinians have limited access to water resources
Steve Arakawa - Southern California Metropolitan Water DistrictContract Cities
This document provides an overview of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan (BDCP) presented by Stephen Arakawa of the California Contract Cities Association. It summarizes the key components of the BDCP, including proposed conveyance facilities to modernize the State Water Project, habitat restoration activities, and estimated costs. It also outlines the benefits of the BDCP in improving water supply reliability and ecosystem conditions in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region."
The Energy / Water Nexus - Stacy Tellinghuisen, Western Resource Advocatesrshimoda2014
The document discusses the nexus between water and energy. It notes that thermoelectric power plants in western states consumed 292 million gallons of water per day in 2005. Both the energy and water sectors are vulnerable to drought. Drought can force power plant shutdowns and curtailments and increase electricity costs. The document examines water use for different energy technologies and the impacts of drought on energy reliability. It suggests that managing water-related risks will require valuing water resources, recognizing drought risk, and making informed choices about water-efficient energy options.
"Engaging Diverse Communities in Social Ecological Restoration: The Mysterious and Inspiring Case of the Klamath Basin Agreements" presented by Dr. Hannah Gosnell on June 19 to the 2014 PI Works! conference in Bend, Oregon.
This document discusses water supply challenges in Southern California and the programs and projects of the West Basin Municipal Water District to ensure reliable water supplies. It notes that the region relies heavily on imported water from Northern California and the Colorado River but is pursuing more local and drought-proof supplies like recycled water, ocean desalination, and groundwater replenishment. It provides information on the district's water recycling facility, conservation programs, and efforts to expand the use of recycled water for irrigation and industrial customers.
The document discusses the Kariba Hydroelectric Project located on the Zambezi River between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Some key points:
- The Kariba Dam is one of the older large dams worldwide, constructed between 1955-1960. It has a capacity of 1,620 MW and provides hydropower to both countries.
- While providing hydropower, the dam construction displaced over 50,000 people and disrupted the local ecology and communities who relied on the river. It caused significant social, cultural, agricultural and public health impacts.
- The dam faces seismic risks as it is located in a tectonically active area, and recent erosion has threatened its foundations. Water levels have also dropped
The document discusses the negative environmental and health impacts of coal use and argues that coal should not be part of tomorrow's energy future. It notes that coal is the dirtiest fossil fuel and is polluting waterways and the atmosphere. The director of NASA's Goddard Institute warns that continued reliance on coal will severely impact the planet and future generations. The document advocates transitioning to cleaner energy sources like wind, solar and geothermal power to create jobs and curb pollution, noting that communities and public health will benefit. It urges readers to educate others on the true costs of coal and push for policies that support renewable energy and energy efficiency.
This document discusses the impacts of urban development on water bodies. It notes that urbanization has led to a reduction in size or complete filling in of surface water bodies and their surrounding areas. This causes issues like floods, pollution, encroachment, and eutrophication of water bodies. The document also outlines some key water bodies and canals in India, and policies and laws around water resource management.
This document summarizes water allocation and rate information for southern New Jersey. It discusses the delayed update to the state's Ground Water Master Plan and notes concerns that current allocation levels are unsustainable. Water rates are presented for counties in southern NJ and various cities, with average annual residential fees ranging from $152 in Memphis to $1,674 in Atlanta. The need for more accurate, up-to-date water usage data and allocation limits is emphasized to allow sustainable water resource management.
- The document discusses a new technology called HUG (Helical Unique Generation) which uses helical turbines inserted into a helical pathway system to harness kinetic energy from fast flowing water in a more efficient way than traditional turbines.
- HUG systems create a vortex that increases water velocity within the pathway by 4 times, multiplying energy output. A prototype 1-turbine HUG could generate 326 kW while a 9-turbine system in a waterfall could produce over 11 MW.
- Benefits over dams include no flooding of land, disruption of habitats, or effects on fish migration. HUG turbines are also more efficient than traditional designs and have lower installation costs.
The Green Hydropower Solution, small hydro ,roaudet
This document discusses a new damless hydropower technology called HUG (Helical Unique Generation) that can extract energy from slow river and ocean currents between 2-4 knots. HUG consists of a helical pathway system with oval twin helical turbines that harness the natural vortex motion of water. It experiences negative pressure that attracts the flow into the system, increasing velocity and power output. This makes it economically viable for hydropower applications that conventional turbines cannot handle. The technology has potential to develop renewable energy sources from rivers, channels, tides and currents around the world in a modular and scalable way without the environmental impacts of large dams.
Forgotten People and NGS: Securing Environmental and Climate Justiceen3pro
The document discusses the environmental and health impacts of the Navajo Generating Station, a coal-fired power plant on Navajo land. It calls for a transition to clean energy sources rather than retrofitting the plant, citing concerns about toxic coal ash, greenhouse gas emissions, and unreliable water and coal supplies. Public health problems in nearby communities are detailed, and recommendations are made to install emissions controls, redesign infrastructure to accommodate renewable energy, and provide water access to western Navajo communities.
Forgotten People and NGS - Securing Economic & Climate Justiceen3pro
The document discusses the environmental and health impacts of the Navajo Generating Station, a coal-fired power plant on Navajo land. It calls for a transition to clean energy sources rather than retrofitting the plant, citing concerns about toxic coal ash, greenhouse gas emissions, and unreliable water and coal supplies. Public health problems in nearby communities are detailed, and recommendations are made to install emissions controls, redesign infrastructure to accommodate renewable energy, and provide water access to western Navajo communities.
This document discusses the importance of water storage for hydropower, sustainable development, and poverty eradication. It argues that reservoirs provide essential services like water regulation, supply, and flood control. While some groups oppose dams and reservoirs due to environmental concerns, reservoirs offer similar ecological benefits to natural lakes and allow for renewable hydropower. The document asserts that without infrastructure investments in water storage, goals like universal access to water and electricity cannot be achieved.
The document discusses Chicago's water supply and usage. It notes that Chicago withdraws nearly 1 billion gallons of water per day from Lake Michigan to meet the needs of residents, businesses, and other users in the greater Chicago region. However, it raises questions about whether this vast supply is truly limitless and if current usage is sustainable. It provides background on the history of Chicago's complex relationship with water, including early flooding issues and pollution problems that led to the reversal of the Chicago River in the late 1800s.
The Community Program Advisory Committee meeting on August 29, 2005 covered updates on wastewater treatment projects in Point Place, River Road, and Bay View areas. The committee discussed letters to the EPA regarding financial commitments to wastewater treatment and concerns about strain on residents. They planned to revisit the EPA letter and budget issues at their next meeting in October.
California is experiencing a severe drought that has impacted water access for both urban and rural communities. Governor Brown has proposed a $25 billion plan to construct underground tunnels to divert fresh water from the Sacramento River to provide more reliable water sources for some areas. However, the plan has been criticized for not addressing the needs of all communities or ensuring the environmental protection of the San Francisco Bay Delta ecosystem that relies on the Sacramento River water. The long-term impacts and viability of the tunnel plan remain uncertain, as it may not equitably or sustainably manage California's water resources.
The Hawaii state government is proposing to spend $30 million over two years to repair the leaking reflecting pools at the State Capitol building. The pools have deteriorated after 50 years and now require rebuilding walls, installing a false bottom to make maintenance easier, and adding filtration and chlorine treatment. Some lawmakers question the large costs for maintenance. Reflecting pools at other capitol buildings like the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. also struggle with persistent algae growth issues despite repair efforts. Proper maintenance of reflecting pools requires balancing the water chemistry and controlling nutrient levels that feed algae growth.
Troubled waters article for thirsty planetJoe McClung
1) Water scarcity is a growing global crisis affecting over a billion people who lack access to clean water, especially in developing countries in Africa and Asia.
2) Three regions facing particularly dire water issues are China, India, and the West Bank. In China, widespread pollution from industry and agriculture has contaminated major rivers like the Yangtze and Yellow, threatening water supplies.
3) In India, while dams were built to provide irrigation water, inadequate infrastructure and overuse has led to falling water tables and conflicts between farmers competing for scarce groundwater.
4) On the West Bank, the water crisis is intertwined with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, as Palestinians have limited access to water resources
Steve Arakawa - Southern California Metropolitan Water DistrictContract Cities
This document provides an overview of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan (BDCP) presented by Stephen Arakawa of the California Contract Cities Association. It summarizes the key components of the BDCP, including proposed conveyance facilities to modernize the State Water Project, habitat restoration activities, and estimated costs. It also outlines the benefits of the BDCP in improving water supply reliability and ecosystem conditions in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region."
The Energy / Water Nexus - Stacy Tellinghuisen, Western Resource Advocatesrshimoda2014
The document discusses the nexus between water and energy. It notes that thermoelectric power plants in western states consumed 292 million gallons of water per day in 2005. Both the energy and water sectors are vulnerable to drought. Drought can force power plant shutdowns and curtailments and increase electricity costs. The document examines water use for different energy technologies and the impacts of drought on energy reliability. It suggests that managing water-related risks will require valuing water resources, recognizing drought risk, and making informed choices about water-efficient energy options.
"Engaging Diverse Communities in Social Ecological Restoration: The Mysterious and Inspiring Case of the Klamath Basin Agreements" presented by Dr. Hannah Gosnell on June 19 to the 2014 PI Works! conference in Bend, Oregon.
This document discusses water supply challenges in Southern California and the programs and projects of the West Basin Municipal Water District to ensure reliable water supplies. It notes that the region relies heavily on imported water from Northern California and the Colorado River but is pursuing more local and drought-proof supplies like recycled water, ocean desalination, and groundwater replenishment. It provides information on the district's water recycling facility, conservation programs, and efforts to expand the use of recycled water for irrigation and industrial customers.
The document discusses the Kariba Hydroelectric Project located on the Zambezi River between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Some key points:
- The Kariba Dam is one of the older large dams worldwide, constructed between 1955-1960. It has a capacity of 1,620 MW and provides hydropower to both countries.
- While providing hydropower, the dam construction displaced over 50,000 people and disrupted the local ecology and communities who relied on the river. It caused significant social, cultural, agricultural and public health impacts.
- The dam faces seismic risks as it is located in a tectonically active area, and recent erosion has threatened its foundations. Water levels have also dropped
The document discusses the negative environmental and health impacts of coal use and argues that coal should not be part of tomorrow's energy future. It notes that coal is the dirtiest fossil fuel and is polluting waterways and the atmosphere. The director of NASA's Goddard Institute warns that continued reliance on coal will severely impact the planet and future generations. The document advocates transitioning to cleaner energy sources like wind, solar and geothermal power to create jobs and curb pollution, noting that communities and public health will benefit. It urges readers to educate others on the true costs of coal and push for policies that support renewable energy and energy efficiency.
This document discusses the impacts of urban development on water bodies. It notes that urbanization has led to a reduction in size or complete filling in of surface water bodies and their surrounding areas. This causes issues like floods, pollution, encroachment, and eutrophication of water bodies. The document also outlines some key water bodies and canals in India, and policies and laws around water resource management.
This document summarizes water allocation and rate information for southern New Jersey. It discusses the delayed update to the state's Ground Water Master Plan and notes concerns that current allocation levels are unsustainable. Water rates are presented for counties in southern NJ and various cities, with average annual residential fees ranging from $152 in Memphis to $1,674 in Atlanta. The need for more accurate, up-to-date water usage data and allocation limits is emphasized to allow sustainable water resource management.
- The document discusses a new technology called HUG (Helical Unique Generation) which uses helical turbines inserted into a helical pathway system to harness kinetic energy from fast flowing water in a more efficient way than traditional turbines.
- HUG systems create a vortex that increases water velocity within the pathway by 4 times, multiplying energy output. A prototype 1-turbine HUG could generate 326 kW while a 9-turbine system in a waterfall could produce over 11 MW.
- Benefits over dams include no flooding of land, disruption of habitats, or effects on fish migration. HUG turbines are also more efficient than traditional designs and have lower installation costs.
The Green Hydropower Solution, small hydro ,roaudet
This document discusses a new damless hydropower technology called HUG (Helical Unique Generation) that can extract energy from slow river and ocean currents between 2-4 knots. HUG consists of a helical pathway system with oval twin helical turbines that harness the natural vortex motion of water. It experiences negative pressure that attracts the flow into the system, increasing velocity and power output. This makes it economically viable for hydropower applications that conventional turbines cannot handle. The technology has potential to develop renewable energy sources from rivers, channels, tides and currents around the world in a modular and scalable way without the environmental impacts of large dams.
Mobile BPM allows business processes to be managed from mobile devices. It enables workers to complete tasks and approve processes from smartphones and tablets. This improves productivity for mobile workers and helps ensure processes are completed on time from any location.
E-business is transforming the global marketplace and how business is conducted. It impacts all aspects of business from customer interactions to internal operations to supplier relationships. While moving to a fully digital business model is complicated by existing assets, market survival depends on effectively leveraging e-business. Companies must assess the business impact, identify strategic response options that may include offensive and defensive plays, manage their business portfolios accordingly, develop new capabilities, change their organizations, and understand the new economics of both short-term investments and long-term industry redefinition. Failure to adequately respond to these challenges risks losing value to more adaptive competitors.
Pupi has many creative ideas for playing with and organizing his toys, which causes messes that frustrate Conchi. Pupi drags his blanket full of toys to put them away, but they fall out. His idea to clean them in the washing machine backfires when he breaks it. Pupi then decides to decorate his plain white bedroom by painting an ocean mural on the walls with crayons, upsetting Conchi further until she explains why his actions were wrong and he promises not to do it again.
Wdd07 Bm Slide Show Dia Mundial Da Diabetesbisturi
The document lists various landmarks and buildings around the world that were lit up or had displays for World Diabetes Day 2007, including structures in over 20 countries on 5 continents such as the London Eye, Sydney Opera House, Empire State Building, and Christ the Redeemer statue.
Wdd07 Bm Slide Show Dia Mundial Da Diabetesbisturi
The document lists various landmarks and buildings around the world that were lit up or had displays for World Diabetes Day 2007, including structures in over 20 countries on 5 continents such as the London Eye, Sydney Opera House, Empire State Building, and Christ the Redeemer statue.
Junivo Solutions - Smart Touchpoint PlatformMurat Eren
Know your customers, engage better and use data driven decision making
Smart Touchpoint Platform provides a powerful all-in-one Wi-Fi based in-store analytics and mobile marketing solution for PFEs (Public Facing Enterprise)
The Ontario Siphon HUG Project proposes a sustainable solution to water scarcity issues through a $780 million siphon system that would transfer up to 2000 cubic meters per second of seasonal runoff from the Ottawa River to areas experiencing drought in the Midwest and South. The project could generate $433 million per year in water export revenue and also produce 228 megawatts of clean hydroelectric power worth $65 million annually. However, environmental studies would need to be conducted to analyze potential impacts and ensure no net loss of water is experienced in the Great Lakes region. NAFTA and guarantees from the U.S. would also be required to allow bulk water exports while safeguarding Canadian water resources.
This document is a report from the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts discussing water issues facing Texas. It notes that while the Earth has abundant water, only a small portion is fresh water available for human use. Texas is experiencing drought that is straining its water supplies as the population grows. The report examines different sources of Texas' water and funding for water projects. It discusses new technologies that could help maximize existing supplies and the potential for desalination to provide new sources of water. The report makes recommendations for the Texas Legislature to help ensure adequate water supplies for the state's continued growth.
This document discusses several topics related to energy production and its environmental impacts. It addresses the growing energy consumption of data centers and information technology. It also discusses China's dam building and water diversion projects in Tibet that are negatively impacting local communities and the environment. The document raises concerns about the environmental costs of lithium mining, which is increasing to meet demand for electric vehicles, and mentions specific lithium reserves in Bolivia and Tibet.
The Luce Bayou Interbasin Transfer Project is a $30 million conveyance project to transfer up to 450,000 acre-feet per year of existing City of Houston water rights from the Trinity River Basin to Lake Houston in the San Jacinto River Basin. The project involves constructing a new 500 million gallon per day pump station, 3.6 miles of pipeline, and 23 miles of canal. The project will provide additional surface water supplies needed to meet regulatory requirements for Houston and other areas to convert water usage from groundwater to surface water. Corridor 3 was selected as the preferred route for the project.
Overview of the groundwater issues of Brant County including concerns for development and gravel pits over recharge and potential impacts of a proposed Lake Erie pipeline.
The document summarizes the design of the Georgia Tech Solar Home, which aims to achieve net-zero energy and near net-zero water status. Key points:
- The home incorporates sustainable systems like a 10kW solar PV array, a water-based cooling system for the panels, and a closed-loop water system to reduce consumption and filter water on-site.
- It is designed to address Atlanta's water challenges like water scarcity, aging infrastructure, and pollution in rivers/creeks through its net-zero water strategies.
- The home also aims to educate occupants on conservation and influence more sustainable behaviors through a positive feedback system.
Water is necessary for life. As the world population grows, water becomes increasingly scarce in many parts of the globe. This fact creates many problems and also makes water as an investment a reality.
https://youtu.be/9kAO_vKvMGQ
The document summarizes the responsibilities and activities of the US Army Corps of Engineers Los Angeles District. It oversees water resources projects in southern California and parts of surrounding states, including flood risk management, ecosystem restoration, navigation, and regulatory permitting. It also provides support to numerous military installations and has a large civil works, military, and interagency support program budget.
The document discusses Canada's water supply and argues that Canada should not do more to protect its water supply. It notes that Canada has a large amount of freshwater but a small population. While Canadians use a lot of water per person, it is argued that Canada should export water to areas experiencing droughts and shortages. The document claims that as one of the world's richest countries, Canada has a duty to share its resources, like water, to create more equality globally given climate impacts and the large disparities in resources between wealthy and poor nations.
The document discusses water supply in the Roman Republic. It notes that Rome was a big city that needed a steady supply of water. The Roman Republic obtained its water from springs in the mountains and used aqueducts to transport the water from the mountains down to the city. The water supplied public baths and was also used for drinking water.
A Possible Future for Water Service for web sitePix Howell
The document discusses the need for regional water planning and infrastructure in central Texas. It notes that the current system of various districts, authorities, and regulatory bodies makes comprehensive planning difficult. A regional approach could help address growth projections, identify necessary water sources and connections between areas, and establish funding for large infrastructure projects. Such cooperation is needed to ensure adequate water resources for the growing population in the region over the coming decades.
This document discusses the state water plan for Texas. It notes that water is key to Texas' economy, which has grown significantly and is projected to double in population by 2060 while water supplies decrease by 18%. Without implementing the state water plan to ensure sufficient water supplies, Texas could face water shortages that would be catastrophic to the economy, costing billions per year. The plan requires $17 billion in funding to develop needed water management strategies to provide enough water even during severe droughts.
Sustainable? agriculture and water in California DavidBainbridge5
California has some serious water supply problems. Use in many areas exceeds annual rainfall. Hundreds of thousands of acres will be abandoned. What can be done?
The document discusses the issue of water diversions from the Great Lakes and the political debates around protecting this freshwater resource. It notes that while some diversions currently exist totaling over 2 billion gallons per day, the net flow into the lakes is still positive. The Great Lakes Compact aims to prohibit new diversions outside the basin but is still awaiting full ratification. Overall the text examines the environmental, economic, and political factors influencing management of Great Lakes water.
1 How to Overcome Public Perception Issues on Potable R.docxpoulterbarbara
1
How to Overcome Public Perception Issues on Potable Reuse Projects
Michael R. Markus, P.E., Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA
Eleanor Torres, Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how the Orange County Water District
(the District; OCWD) was able to insulate itself from public opposition to its potable reuse
project, the Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS).
To understand what challenges the District would be facing it is important to first understand
what was happening with other projects that were being developed at the same time in
Southern California. Second, it is important to understand the process by which the outreach
program was developed and how it was executed. That program was ongoing and changed
with the project to help anticipate and react to various issues that developed. Finally, it will be
shown how important it is to continue the outreach efforts and outline the various steps the
District has taken to educate people on the benefits of reuse.
Introduction
The Orange County Water District manages a very large groundwater basin (basin) in central
and north Orange County in the state of California, U.S.A. It was created by the State
Legislature in 1933 for that purpose and is governed by a 10-member Board of Directors that
sets policy, establishes the amount of pumping out of the basin and sets tariffs. The District
currently has set the amount of groundwater that can be pumped out of the basin at 77% of the
total water demands for its 19 retail agencies which serve 2.5 million people. The remaining
23% of its water supply is dependent on water that is imported into the region.
The Southern California region has a semi-arid climate, which receives approximately 355 mm
of rainfall per year. Most of its water is imported from two primary outside sources, the
Colorado River and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) in Northern California. The
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) built a 320 km aqueduct in the
1930’s bringing water from the Colorado River into Southern California and then participated in
the building of a 640 km aqueduct in the 1960’s from Northern California to bring water from
the Delta to Southern California. These supplies are enough to meet the water demands in
most years, but they are variable and the amount of water through these systems is dependent
on hydrology and certainly in the future, climate change.
Groundwater basins provide an important source of supplemental supply to the imported water
provided by MWD. A sustainably managed basin can provide a reliable source of low-cost
water, with groundwater costing half as much as imported water. The Orange County Water
District relies on rainfall, stormwater capture, Santa Ana River flows, untreated imported water
and recycled water for refilling its basin. This amount of water.
1 How to Overcome Public Perception Issues on Potable R.docxjeremylockett77
1
How to Overcome Public Perception Issues on Potable Reuse Projects
Michael R. Markus, P.E., Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA
Eleanor Torres, Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how the Orange County Water District
(the District; OCWD) was able to insulate itself from public opposition to its potable reuse
project, the Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS).
To understand what challenges the District would be facing it is important to first understand
what was happening with other projects that were being developed at the same time in
Southern California. Second, it is important to understand the process by which the outreach
program was developed and how it was executed. That program was ongoing and changed
with the project to help anticipate and react to various issues that developed. Finally, it will be
shown how important it is to continue the outreach efforts and outline the various steps the
District has taken to educate people on the benefits of reuse.
Introduction
The Orange County Water District manages a very large groundwater basin (basin) in central
and north Orange County in the state of California, U.S.A. It was created by the State
Legislature in 1933 for that purpose and is governed by a 10-member Board of Directors that
sets policy, establishes the amount of pumping out of the basin and sets tariffs. The District
currently has set the amount of groundwater that can be pumped out of the basin at 77% of the
total water demands for its 19 retail agencies which serve 2.5 million people. The remaining
23% of its water supply is dependent on water that is imported into the region.
The Southern California region has a semi-arid climate, which receives approximately 355 mm
of rainfall per year. Most of its water is imported from two primary outside sources, the
Colorado River and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) in Northern California. The
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) built a 320 km aqueduct in the
1930’s bringing water from the Colorado River into Southern California and then participated in
the building of a 640 km aqueduct in the 1960’s from Northern California to bring water from
the Delta to Southern California. These supplies are enough to meet the water demands in
most years, but they are variable and the amount of water through these systems is dependent
on hydrology and certainly in the future, climate change.
Groundwater basins provide an important source of supplemental supply to the imported water
provided by MWD. A sustainably managed basin can provide a reliable source of low-cost
water, with groundwater costing half as much as imported water. The Orange County Water
District relies on rainfall, stormwater capture, Santa Ana River flows, untreated imported water
and recycled water for refilling its basin. This amount of water ...
1. The Water Crisis Solution
The James Bay WaterThe James Bay Water
BasinBasin is one of the only
basin in North America
with water to spare.
Without this new source
of fresh water, there will
be no more cheap
water available.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
2. Great Lakes & Global Warming
Record low levels of the Great Lakes coincided with the dust
bowl years of the 1930s and a severe drought in 1964. The
primary driving force is evaporation or global warming.
Today the US drought is now so acute that, in some southern
communities, there are heavy restrictions on water use.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
3. Great Lakes Glacial Phenomena
The Great Lakes are a glacial phenomena - not a water basin.
Despite all the threats of drought, there will not be one drop
available from the Great Lakes to areas of water scarcity.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
Bad NewsBad News
Good NewsGood News
If you put one drop into the Great Lakes, you can take a drop
out, while helping to increase its own water level.
4. The Arid American West
The American West could
be more arid than at any
time since the advent of
European settlement.
Analysis * of 19 computer
models of the future:
sometime before 2050, the
Southwest will be gripped
in a dry spell akin to the
Great Dust Bowl drought
that lasted through most of
the 1930s.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
There appears to have been a return to a
more drought stricken climate.
* Findings of Richard Seager, a senior researcher at Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory of Columbia University: http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/ocp/drought
5. We Don’t have to Wait 40 years.
The Ogallala Aquifer in the High Plains states,11 million acres
of farmland, will run dry in 10 years.
California has a 20-year supply of freshwater left. New Mexico
has only 10 years.
Another problem is the country’s growing population, expected
to reach 450 million by the middle of the century, or roughly
50 percent more people than now.
North America is not running out of water, but we are running
out of time to tackle critical water stress problems.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
6. The Canadian Prairie Transfer Canal
The Canadian prairies and the US Midwest are facing
an unprecedented water crisis today.
A $780 million 1000km long siphon system is
sustainable & innovative.
Source: GRANDCO, Thomas Kierans.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
It will be difficult to say NONO to Water Export Revenue
of $433 Million/year$433 Million/year at the auction price of $0.13/ m3
s
for 135 m3
7. Northern Hydro Project
The Northern Waters
project would capture
800 m3
s - 2000 m3
s of
seasonal runoff before it
flows North.
There was a time when
the thought of transporting
oil across the ocean
seemed silly, too.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
Explained by Pierre Gingras in an Economic Note published by the
Montreal Economic Institute (MEI)
8. Northern Hydro Project
The Broadback,
Waswanipi and Bell
Rivers would capture the
seasonal runoff and
gather it in basins before
it flows into the northern
lowlands.
The surplus waters would
then be diverted via the
natural riverbeds through
a series of pumping
stations along the Bell
River.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
Explained by Pierre Gingras in an Economic Note published by the
Montreal Economic Institute (MEI)
9. Southern Water Project
This surplus could be delivered to the Midwest
and South via a detour through the Chicago Canal
and Mississippi River.
Each of the 150 million people whose needs could
be served by the project would pay the reasonable
rate of $50 per year. In this case, the willingness
to pay for these exports would be $7.5 billion. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
10. Ontario HUG*Siphon Project
HUG* is a New Good: the key to power of
future hydro technology in Ontario.
HUG has a dual purpose: clean electricity
& clean siphoned water to the Great Lakes.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
*
* Helical Unique Generation System
11. What is a New Good?
A New Good was never there before, which
substantially deviates from any other good or
service produced before. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
12. Fresh Water to the Great Lakes
Fresh water can be transferred without
using much electricity, which is used to
prime the siphons.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
AUGUST 19, 2010
13. Clean Fresh Water
from Deep of Lake Michigan
Fresh water can be siphoned from intake
pipes that extend 2 – 3 km into Lake Michigan
and are 15 meters below the surface. These
intakes are far from sources of pollution. . Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
14. A Canadian Solution
to Water Crisis in South Western U.S.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
15. A Canadian Solution to
Water Crisis in Midwest & Southern U.S.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
NARA can reverse the depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer.
16. Many Other Fresh Water Projects
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
FRESH WATER PROJECTS Distance Volume
Central Valley Project Sacramento 85% irrigation 600 km 274 m3
s
Central Arizona Project Colorado $4Billion 1968-
1994to Phoenix and Tucson 90% irrigation 528 km 59 m3
s
Central Utah: Project Colorado 242 km 10.6 m3
s
Chicago Diversion to the Mississippi River 40 km 91 m3
s
Tampa Bay Seawater Desalination Plant: $158 M 1.1 m3
s
Las Vegas: $2 billion by 2014 40,000 acre foot
(Buried water pipeline: 150 million gallons/ day)
400 km 1.56 m3
s
The Alaska-California Subsea Pipeline Project 644 -3380 km $110 Billion
NARA projected at US$390M/yr. (FOB Great Lakes)
Add $1.25M/ mile or $780,00/km for pipeline (2007) 570 km 1,074 m3
s
17. Inter-basin Water Proposals
are Not New
PROPOSED PROJECTPROPOSED PROJECT
(No Cost Estimates Available)
Volume ofVolume of
FreshFresh
WaterWater(m3
s)
Great Lakes-Pacific Waterways plan {Decker}
Skeena R., Nechako R. & Fraser R., of B.C.,
Peace R., Athabasca R., & Saskatchewan R.
4,500
983
NAPAWA-MUSCHEC or Mexican-United States
Hydroelectric Commission {Parsons} –
NAPAWA sources, plus lower Mississippi &
Sierra Madre, Oriental Rivers of South Mexico.
5,517
North American Waters, A Master Plan
[NAWAMP] {Tweed} - Yukon & Mackenzie Rivers,
plus drainage to Hudson Bay.
58,663
SOURCE: P.H. Pearce, F. Bertrand and J.W. MacLaren, "Currents of Change",
FINAL REPORT OF THE INQUIRY ON FEDERAL WATER POLICY [Ottawa: Minister of
Supply and Services Canada, 1985] p.127
Magnum Plan {Magnusson} - Peace R.,
Athabasca R., & N. Saskatchewan Rivers
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
18. There were High Priced Proposals
PROPOSED PROJECTPROPOSED PROJECTSS
Volume of
Water (m3
s)
Estimated
Price (2008)
North American Water And Power Alliance
[NAWAPA] {Parsons} –
Pacific & Arctic drainage of Alaska, Yukon & B.C.* 9830 $166 Billion
Kuiper Plan {Kuiper} –
Peace R., Athabasca R., and N. Saskatchewan R. in
Alberta; Nelson R. and Churchill R. in Manitoba. 5865 $83 Billion
Central North American Water Project [CeNAWP]
{Tinney} – Mackenzie, Peace, Athabasca,
N. Saskatchewan, Nelson & Churchill Rivers.
5865
$50 Billion
to
$83 Billion
Western States Water Augmentation Concept
{Smith} – Liard R. & Mackenzie River.
5865 $149 Billion
*This plan would involve 240 dams and reservoirs,
112 water diversions and 17 aqueducts and canals.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
19. Economically Feasible Water
Cost of the New Fresh Water Supply
Power Station and Water Supply System O&M $30 M/yr
Net Cost: $5,445 M at 480 Monthly Payments at 6.59% due 2050 616 M/yr
Supervision, Management and Labour 5 M/yr
Total annual amortized cost $$651651 M/yrM/yr
New Water Volume Recycled (1,074 m3
/s x 60 x 60 x 12 x365) 16.9 Billion m3
/year
Annual Cost of each m3
($651M / 16.9 Billion) FOB Great Lake $ .$ .039039/m/m33
or $48/acre-foot FOB Great Lakesor $48/acre-foot FOB Great Lakes
2200km (1380 miles: $2.9M to $6.5M per mile) to Texas from Great Lakes
through Lake of the Woods, Ont. to the Rio Grande River: $4 to $9-billion:
100 m3
/s = 1.57 Billion m3
/year@ $4 billion: $2.55/m3
Another Lower Estimate: $1.25M/mile: $1.10/m3
Comparables
Annual Cost of each m3
: UK (2006) incl. VAT $2.13/m3
Annual Cost of each m3
: (U. S. $925/acre-foot ) $.75/m3
Water Export Revenue of 1074 m3
s at the auction price of $0.13/ m3
s: $3.45 Billion/yr$3.45 Billion/yrRomain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
20. Similar Proposed Projects
In Russia, a canal 200 m wide and 16 m deep
southwards for some 2500 km using the flows of
Siberia's rivers to carry 856 m3
s of water. This would
like irrigating Mexico from the Great Lakes: $40 billion
In China, 300 km of tunnels from the Yangtze, to a new
1,240 km (764-mile) canal to Beijing. This would be like
altering the course of the Mississippi River to service
New York City with 444 m3
s: $40 billion.
One estimate to build a pipeline over 2200km (1380
miles) to Texas from James Bay through Lake of the
Woods, Ontario to the Rio Grande River in Texas: $4
to $9-billion. This is $2.9M to $6.5M per mile. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
21. Contrast our Modest Cost
The U.S. Federal Government is contributing most of
the cleanup of the Chesapeake Bay: $29.3 billion$29.3 billion in
capital costs.
The U.S. Government is currently engaged with the
State of Florida in an initiative $10.5 billion$10.5 billion to restore
the Everglades (another environmental problem).
U.S. Federal aid to highways annuallyannually: $$3131..22 billionbillion
(2005). This is not too dissimilar to water ways.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
22. A Ready USA Market
There have been a frustrating number of proposals
to access the Great Lakes:
• A proposal to the High Plains states & the Southwest (1984).
• Into the Mississippi River and ultimately to Mexico (1964–68).
• To the Missouri River in South Dakota: 400 mile canal (1983).
• South Dakota and Minnesota partnering to Wyoming.
• Lake Erie to the Ohio River (1986–91).
• To Southern Illinois (1987)
• In Northeast Kansas, to the Missouri River ($200 million)
All Proposals have been rejected in the past by the
International Joint Commission, who administers the Great
Lakes. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
23. Annual Potential Revenue
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
The Potential Revenue for 1074 m3
s is
$4,296 million/year.
1074 m3
s
24. The HUG Turbine System
can help one to:
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
•Develop a leading role in this new technology,
which allows you to go international.
•Allow you to expand in entirely new markets,
because of the flexibility of HUG.
•Develop a ready USA market for Water Export.
•Find support in green energy and innovation
government programs, in order to reduce any risk
25. Avoid the High Cost of Droughts
Time Frame Drought/Heat WaveDrought/Heat Wave Costs (Actual)
Estimated
1987-89 Northern Plains: Drought Relief:
$4Billion
$40 Billion$40 Billion
Summer 1993 Southeast U.S. $1.0 (1.3)$1.0 (1.3)
BillionBillion
Summer 1998
Southern: from Texas/Oklahoma eastward
to the Carolinas.
$6.0-$9.0$6.0-$9.0
(6.6-9.9) Billion(6.6-9.9) Billion
Summer 1999 Eastern: Very dry summer and high
temperatures, mainly in eastern U.S.
$1.0 (1.1)$1.0 (1.1)
BillionBillion
Spring-Summer
2000
South-central and Southeast states
$4.0 (4.2)$4.0 (4.2)
BillionBillionSpring through
early Fall 2002
Large portions of 30 states: the western
states, the Great Plains, & eastern U.S.
Over $10.0Over $10.0
($11-12)($11-12)
BillionBillionSpring-
Summer
2006
Widespread Drought: Centered over the
Great Plains region with portions of the south
and far west
Over $6.0Over $6.0
BillionBillion
Throwing good money ($6-8 billion) after bad
money (unnecessary losses)
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
26. The Huron Canal Option
The canal excavation can be built for 800 m3
s. If the
velocity of the flow of the canal is 2 m/s and the depth of
the canal is 3 m, the width of the canal will be 134 m over
the entire length of 171 km.
Yet this option poses major problems to populated areas.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
27. Sustainable Ottawa River
The water level behind the Otto Holden Hydro
Dam can be maintained at 179.5 m, while the
water level in Lake Huron is 176.5 m.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
28. Sustainable Lake Huron
The total length the water transfer is 170 km.
The HUG Siphon System is less evasive.
The HUG Siphon System captures energy
along the pathway.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
29. Ontario River HUG: First Leg
The Siphon system can be buried under any
populated built up areas, rivers and lakes,
unlike the Huron Canal option.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
30. Water Runs Uphill: Second Leg
Using a siphon, the
heights of land are
excavated to a
maximum height of
189 m, which is 10 m
above the 179.5 m
level of the Ottawa
River.
Alternatively, the canal
depth would have to
be 176.5 m.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
31. Excavating River Beds
Excavating river bed can create a water level
difference to allow for siphoning.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
AUGUST 19, 2010
32. The HUG Siphon Sucks Literally!
Water pumps are unable
to raise water more than
10.1 m (33 feet high) from
its source.
The tallest barometer is
12m high, because it
measures air pressure with
a column of water *.
The HUG Siphon System
can then be raised from
179.5 m as high as 189 m.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
* A barometer has .76 m of mercury;
a similar barometer level of water
(as above) is 10.1 m (33 feet) high.
33. Estimates of the First Leg
The Development Cost includes a full HUG Turbines System, which produces
36.5 kW/turbine x 3125 HUG pairs = 228 MW.
The designated Patent Promotion Fee is initially offered to promoters (under contract).
Hydro Revenue: (Ontario FIT) (using $131/MWh x 1.600,000 MWh) = $210 Million/yr$210 Million/yr
Return on Investment : $210 / $232.25 = 90%$210 / $232.25 = 90% in First Year only
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
($Million)
Civil Works 9.0
Access Roads 8.8
Large Dimension Pipes (3m diameter): 56 m3
s 18.0
Helical Turbine Pair: 25,000 m / every 8m: 3,125 HUGS x 2 x $15,000 93.8
Rock Excavation/lineal meter $25 cubic meter: $750/ meter x 2,000 m 1.5
Control System .5
Electric Power Converter/Generator 228 MW DFIG 11.6
Transmission and Grid Connection .2
Electrical Connections .5
Electrical and Mechanical Overhead
.25
Miscellaneous 5.6
Subtotal $149.75
Engineering and Design 15% 22.5
Project Management 10% 15.0
Patent Promotion Fee* (5%) 7.5
Environmental studies & licensing 5% 7.5
Contingency (20%) 30.0
Estimated development costs: $232.25
($1,019/ kW)
34. Estimates of the Second Leg
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
The second leg has no HUG turbines in the interest of project
readiness. HUGS can be added after the spring flood.
Water Export Revenue of 56 m3
s: auction price of $0.13/ m3
s
= $180 Million/yr$180 Million/yr // HUGHUG System
The total initial cost is $347.5 + $232.25 = say $580 million.
Return on Investment : $180 +$210 / $580 = 67%/yr.$180 +$210 / $580 = 67%/yr.
($Million)
Civil Works 52.5
Access Roads 50.0
Large Dimension Pipes 105.0
Rock Excavation/lineal meter $25/m3
$750/ meter x 12,000 m 9.0
Miscellaneous 32.0
Subtotal $248.5
Project Management 10% 25.0
Patent Fee 5% 12.5
Environmental studies & licensing 5% 12.5
Contingency (20%) 50.0
Estimated development costs: $347.5
35. Water Export Revenue
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
Source: World Commission on Water for the 21st
Century, 1999.
(www.worldcouncil.org).
Water Export Revenue of 56 m3
s: auction price of $0.13/ m3
s = $180 Million/yr/$180 Million/yr/HUGHUG
Water Export Revenue of 2000 m3
s = $6.4 Billion/yr$6.4 Billion/yr for 35for 35 HUGHUG Siphon SystemsSiphon Systems
Comparables: U. S. (2006) $.66/m3
average
36. Seasonal floodwaters of Ottawa River
Ottawa River Discharge Volume as Measured at Carillon Dam
Year Max. Flow Min. Flow Yearly Average
m3
/s m3
/s m3
/s
2004 4,917 534 1,960
2003 4,792 519 1,811
2002 5,947 666 2,064
2001 4,070 563 1,700
2000 3,205 971 1,801
Average 4,586 650
Average Additional Flow, which river can handle: (4,586 - 650) 3,936
(Source: ORRPB: “Historical Streamflow Summary”)
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
37. Comparative Low Cost Alternative
• The Helical Turbine System has the lowest
Energy Installation Costs. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
38. Clean Energy Demands
The goal should be a 50% reduction in global
carbon-dioxide emissions by the middle of the
century. This means every year the world needs:
30 new nuclear plants
17,000 windmills
400 biomass power plants
Two hydroelectric facilities the size of China's massive
Three Gorges Dam
42 coal and gas power plants with yet-to-be-developed
carbon-capture technology
Romain Audet
ROAUDET@GMAIL.COM
August 19, 2010
39. Subsidizing Inefficient Technology
Fortunately, there is a
smarter way to deal with
global warming: we make
green energy cheaper.
The miracle of the modern
age -- the personal
computer didn't become
household items because
governments subsidized
purchases or forced up the
price of typewriters.
Typewriter Man Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
40. Funding Basic Research
The R&D that got Neil Armstrong to the moon in
1969 made it possible for Apple to introduce the
first Mac in 1976.
Forget about subsidizing inefficient technologies or
making fossil fuels too expensive to use.
Instead, let's fund the basic research that will
make green energy too cheap and easy to resist.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
41. A New Product: the HUG
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
•Picture a long spiralling interwoven set of 3 m
diameter tubes facing a current from rapids, a
waterfall, a tide or an ocean current.
•Now place an array of twin helical turbines in the
HUG Pathway separated within a length of a 6 m
of each other in the fast spiralling flow.
42. Helical Pathway Patent
The HUG Patent explained: Oval helical turbines
harness kinetic energy are inserted in a Helical
Pathway System in fast flowing waters.
An 80 page Patent (44 images) has been registered.
None of the 44 images appear in this presentation.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
43. HUGHUG Captures the
Vortex Power of Water
We have all experienced vortexes
in our lives: the fast draining sink.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
44. The Helical Turbine is the
Most Efficient: 35%35%
Propeller turbines have an efficiency of 20%
compared to the Helical Turbine (35%).
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
45. The Venturi Pathway
The scientist, Giovanni Venturi, tested conical
contractions. The classical venturi consists of
a 21°conical contraction, straight throat and
7-15°conical expansion.
(Velocity)2
= 2 x g x s
Acceleration of gravity = g = 9.8 m/s2
Velocity = 7.67 m/s for 3 m drop (s) of siphon
At the convergence, the Final Velocity =
10.4 m/s
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
46. The Vortex Pathway
HUGHUG, creates a vortex. The Velocity in the
flume of the HUGHUG is four times faster than
placing the turbine directly in the path of a
straight flow.
The Final Velocity of 10.4 m/s, which is
increased at the conical convergence, is
further increased in the vortex.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
47. Turbine Power in Siphon
•The Power of each Turbine in a Siphon incline:
KE = ½ x A x V 3
x efficiency (A = area swept)
= ½ x 3.26 m2
x (10.4m/s)3
x .35 =
.64 MW/turbine
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
48. Oval Helical HUGHUG Power
Oval Helical turbines have power of .64 MW/turbine.
A community will require a minimum of 1.93 MW of
power in winter with a 3-Oval Turbine HUG SystemHUG System.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
49. Modular Oval Turbines installed
on Site
The modular unit of the oval twin turbines in
an inner envelope can be replaced without
interference to the flow of the siphon.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
50. Modular HUGSHUGS
The large diameter (3 m) plastic pipe is formed by
wrapping of steel-reinforced polyethylene (PE)
sheets, which provides excellent flexibility.
The ribbing of the PE is flexible & light enough to
intertwine with the second half of the HUGHUG manually.
Detachable hinged door are inserted on the side. C-
shaped joint systems support these door with its
attached helical turbine housing.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
52. New Technology:
Tunnel Boring Machines
Romain Audet
roaudet@sympatico.ca
August 19, 2010
Non-invasive Canadian
tunnel boring machines
measure 6 meters in
diameter. This didn’t
exist until 1985.
53. Helical Turbines in Open Water
Helical Turbines have been successfully
developed over the last 15 years.
Gorlov Experimental Helical Turbine
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
54. Commercially Viable
New Technology
Investment in helical
turbines has increased
from US$13 million in
2004 to US$257 million
(Korea) in 2007.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
55. Electricity & Fossil Fuel Energy
Energy costs of diesel electricity
(not including capital costs) are very
high: $0.63 per kWh vs. $$0.0.1515//kWkWhh
for HUGHUG. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
56. Why so much Power?
A negative pressure or a sucking action is
created from a spiral centripetal motion.
The Velocity in the flume of the HUGHUG is four
times faster than placing the turbine directly in
the path of the river: 36.5 kWkW/turbine/turbine
Power DensityPower Density: 173 kW/m173 kW/m22
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
57. Velocity is King:
Romain Audet
ROAUDET@GMAIL.COM
August 19, 2010
The most critical factor is the Velocity of the flow.
A quadrupling of the Velocity from 1 m/s* multiplies
the Kinetic Energy (KE) by 43
or 64x, by the formula:
KE= ½ x A x V 3
x efficiency (A = area swept; Velocity)
= ½ x 3.26 m2
x (4 m/s*)3
x .35 = 36.5 kW/turbine
Red Area denotes HighRed Area denotes High
Velocity of FlowVelocity of Flow
at the flume.at the flume.
11 kW/m2
* Based on a discharge of 56 m3
s per A of 3.26 m2
58. The HUG Prototype
1,682 MWh can sustain 1,360 average households
annually@ 12,000 kilowatt-hours (KWh)/household.
The HUG Prototype: 0.24 MW
One Twin Oval Helical Turbine: Length: 5 m; Head: 3 m; Depth 6m
1 Modular Helical Pathway, Helical Turbine & Vanes & Striations (62%) $324,000
Control System & Generators & Converters for DIFG 0.24 MW: (9.5%) 50,000
Transmission and Grid Connection: (11.5%) 60,000
Module Anchors & Slot Construction (1.25m) $1,500/m x (50m) (17%) 90,000
Subtotal $524,000
Contingency, Insurance, Legal costs, Bank fees, Interest (15%) 78,600
Total Helical Turbine System Cost
$602,600
Engineering Planning and Design (15%) 90,000
Promotion Patent Fee (10%) 60,000
Total Costs: 0.24 MW $3,136/KW $752,600
80% utilization rate: 1,682 MWh * [x $79/MWh (Quebec) $133,000/yr or 17.517.5%%/yr./yr.
(ROI) ]Annual Return on Investment (ROI): (Ontario FIT) (x $131/MWh) $220,000 = 29%/yr.29%/yr.
*The designated Fee is initially offered to promoters (under contract). The fees for
succeeding systems will be allocated to community development (5%) and patent fee
(5%).
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
59. HUG Pilot Project
Romain Audet
ROAUDET@GMAIL.COM
August 19, 2010
28 Turbines @ $8,750 $245,000
28 Submersible Generator @ $5,000 140,000
1 Module Cylindrical HUG 1,250,000
Module Anchors & Civil Works 1,625,000
Control System 407,000
Electric Power Converter/Generator for 6.7MW DFIG 593,000
Transmission and Grid Connection 86,000
Electrical Connections 550,000
Electrical and Mechanical Overhead 114,000
Subtotal $5,010,000
Contingency, Insurance, Legal costs, Bank fees, Interest: (15%) 752,000
Total Helical Turbine System Cost $5,762,000
Engineering Planning and Design (15%) 864,000
Patent Promotion Fee* (10%) 576,000
Total Costs: 6.7 MW $1075/kW (.153/kWh) $7,202,000
* The designated Fee is initially offered to promoters (under contract). The fees for
succeeding systems will be allocated to management fees (5%), community development
(4%) and patent fee (1%).
80% utilization: 47,000 MWh [x $79 (Quebec)] $3,700,000: ROI = 51%
Annual Return on Investment: (Ontario FIT) (using $131/MWh) $6,150,000 = 85%
The First 6.7 MW Prototype HUG System
HUG Length: 31 m; Diameter/Depth: 6 m; Twin Oval Helical Turbines: 28
60. HUG is Profitable:
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
•Allows one to license the technology for a high fee initially,
because you will be in a monopolistic and R&D fees are expected.
•High Ontario FIT prices are established from inefficient wind
turbine technology. This allows one to keep profits high. (using
Ontario FIT Guaranteed sale price of $131/MWh or Quebec prices
of $79/MWh less your cost of $5.46/MWh).
•Allows one to set up a Private Public Partnership for a very high
initial return and a reasonable annual return for managing the
project.
•Earns extra revenue from the sale of carbon credits.
61. Public Ownership –
Private Development
The water sector is one of the
natural local monopolies.
Public Private Partnerships
(PPP) ensure that water
remains a universal human
right and a freely accessible
public good.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
62. “Build-Transfer-Operate” Model
The NARA PartnershipThe NARA Partnership contracts with a
private partner to build a facility. Once
completed, the private partner transfers
ownership of the facility toto NARA.NARA.
NARA then leases the facility back to the
private partner under a long-term lease.
The private partner involved in the design
and construction of the infrastructure has an
opportunity to earn a reasonable 10% pre-tax
equity return.
The original NARA partners will be open to
new co-owners and invite all water supply
and sanitation organizations to become
"implementation partners" of the initiative.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
63. Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada
NSERC invests more than $2-billion annually in
technology R&D incentives for Manufacturing,
Energy Resources & Northern Development, etc.
The Scientific Research and Experimental
Development (SR&ED) program provide an
investment tax credit (ITC) of 35%.
Average Strategic Project: $120,000
Average Discovery Grant: $30,000 Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
64. NSERC Short List
Baird Engineering & Sciences
Hatch Associates Ltd
Hydro-Québec
Risk Services: Ontario Power Generation Inc.
Siemens Westinghouse
Tecsult Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
65. Helical Turbines:
Environmental
Zero Effects
People requiring resettlement: zerozero
Areas flooded: zerozero
Dam Reservoir unsuitable for fish: zerozero
Natural habitats affected: zerozero
Adverse noise & visual impact: zerozero
Two million mTwo million m33
of concrete for a dam:of concrete for a dam: saved Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 9, 2010
66. Environmental Impacts
A great deal more research is warranted.
There is a flip side to an environmental impact:
the dangers of inter-basin water transfers must
be balanced by a greater risk, the Great Lakes
environment.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
67. Wind Turbine Power
Since wind turbines are so unpredictable,
conventional power plants have to serve as back-
ups. These run at less than half power most of
the time. This is all terribly uneconomical.
2000 Wind Turbines is
four times more costly
than one HUG System,
because water is 1,000
times denser than air.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
68. This Project Reduces
Global Warming.
Companies that exceed the
emission limits must soon buy
credits of $284,000 worth of
carbon credits, from the 1 MW
of new clean energy, which
will add to our revenue.
Power generation of 228 MW
is worth $65 Million.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
69. The Alternative: Desalination Plants.
An alternative desalination plant (1.2 m3
s) is twice
the price, because it is energy intensive and it incurs
high-pollution costs that could escalate as energy price
increase.
Improperly structured subsidies can prove
economically inefficient and hamper sustainable
development. Seawater desalination plants grants:
1. Federal financial support: $200 per acre-foot
(.16 /cubic meter)
2. State subsidies – California: $5 million per project
3. Municipal – S. California: $250 per acre-foot
(.20 /cubic meter)
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
70. A Stop Gap Solution
from Lake Superior
Siphon Pipes from a height of 200 m
above sea level to 183 m at L. Superior.
The ecological risk is non-existent for
inter-body water transfer, which is
siphoned to Lake Superior from waters
travelling to James Bay over a distance
of 12 km. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
71. Great Lakes Siphon Project
Eleven bodies of 265 m3
s water share the
same environment: only a distance of 1.5 m to
12 km apart. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
AUGUST 19, 2010
There are eleven possible locations at which this siphon system can be applied.
72. Supporting Lake Superior
A HUG Siphon can tap into the spring flooding
river system along the USA - Canada border
(One of nine Siphon System for 265 m3
s ).
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
73. Supporting Lake Superior
This HUG Siphon system can tap into the river
system flowing west away from Lake Superior.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
74. Sustainable Lake Superior
This HUG Siphon System can tap into a
flowing river system only 4 km away, which is
sustainable, especially in the spring. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
75. Sustainable Lake Superior
The sustainable HUGHUG Siphon System can tap
into a flowing river system heading west. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
76. Supporting Lake Superior
This HUG Siphon system can tap into flood
waters flowing north from a lake 10 km away. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
77. Sustainable Lake Superior
This HUG Siphon System can tap into a major
river system 12 km away, flowing north. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
78. Sustainable Lake Superior
This HUG Siphon System can tap into a major river
system, which is sustainable, especially in the spring.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
79. Sustainable Lake Superior
This HUG Siphon System can tap into a major
river system, which is flowing north, 7.8 km away.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
80. Supporting Lake Superior
This HUG Siphon system can tap into the river
flowing 8 km away, from March to July. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
81. Key Issue: Great Lakes
Water Scarcity
The condition of the Great Lakes need to be
improved. Its waters are evaporating more
quickly because of global warming.
The Great Lakes are glacial phenomena -
not a self-sustaining water basin.
Only 50% of original wetlands remain in the
Great Lakes region.
There is a need for a new supply to the
Great Lakes if levels are to be maintained.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
82. Environmental Concerns:
The environmental shocks of the Great
Lakes wetlands and its water levels.
The need for water in Canada’s prairies.
The loss of funds from fresh water sales,
which can be used to solve Canada’s
other environmental problems.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
83. No Ecological Problem
There is no ecological problem with U.S. buying
Canadian water under three conditions:
1. There is protection (water rights) for those
who cannot afford to buy it.
2. The water isn't used for unsustainable
lifestyles.
3. It must be environmentally acceptable and
sustainable.
Water is a human right, not a commodity.Water is a human right, not a commodity.
It is a public trust.It is a public trust. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
84. Connecting with GLRC Strategy
The U.S.A. Great Lakes Regional Collaboration
Strategy requested $26 billion$26 billion a plan preserve
the Great Lakes over five years.
Part of this Strategy is to enhance sustainable
planning and resources ($115 million)($115 million)..
TheThe Ontario SiphonOntario Siphon HUGHUG projectproject would
significantly affect these cost estimates.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
85. Ontario Blue Oil?
Bill 198, Safeguarding and Sustaining
Ontario's Water Act, 2007, chose a
watershed approach
It is aimed at discouraging bulk water
exports by making the environmental
protection of water resources the key
reason for the law.
It is based on the threats to water
ecosystems from inter-basin transfers.Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
86. Canadian Blue Oil
The standard proposed by the IJC is
that there should be “no net loss” to the
area from which the water is taken.
The federal government knows that the
economic opportunities of these water
diversion projects are endless.
This is why the Canadian governments
failed to choose a policy course so as
to keep their future options open. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
87. Examine our Gains
The Multiplier Effect: every $1 spent in the
water and sanitation sector creates on
average another $8 in costs averted and
productivity gained. This is the reason for
government subsidies for water distribution
between 30% and 50% (OECD countries).
It is estimated that NARANARA would increase the
annual national income from agriculture,
livestock, mining, and manufacturing by
approximately $30 billion$30 billion.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
88. Canadian Political Options:
Parliament could pass legislation
regulating the export of water from Canada
under international trade, just as it
regulates energy exports under the
National Energy Board Act.
The federal government could negotiate a
tri-national treaty with the United States
and Mexico for water users across the
whole continent.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
89. Canada and NAFTA
NAFTA & WTO require non-discriminatory
treatment “in like circumstances”.
If those provinces do not export bulk
water, they would not be required to start,
as that policy would be considered the
best treatment available.
A decision by one province, namely
Ontario, to permit the sale of bulk water
has no implications for other provinces.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
90. The U.S. and NAFTA
Water shortages and global warming pose a
“serious threat” to America’s national security.
The U.S. could put $600 billion in trade at risk.
Obama threaten to withdraw from NAFTA during
the primaries: some parts of America have
benefited; others have not.
Governments are required not only to provide clean
water to their citizens, but citizens of other countries
have the right to water as well and to find peaceful
solutions to water disputes between states. Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
91. U.S.A. Guarantees Required:
o The federal government could overrule the rights of
provinces to exploit their water resources as they see fit, as a
national concern, for “peace, order and good government”.
o Neither NAFTA, nor the World Trade Organization, would
tolerate a country restricting water explicitly for use within
national boundaries. This would be trade discrimination, so a
water accord is largely ineffective, such as Bill 198,
Safeguarding and Sustaining Ontario's Water Act, 2007
o United States need to offer the Canadians a proposal,
which allows bulk water exports to be safeguarded from
NAFTA’s Chapter 11 investment rules.
o The U.S. proposal should also offer an ‘escape-clause’,
i.e. allow for interruption in the trade in bulk water after
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
92. Gains for Ontario
Revenue from the Sale of New Power
Revenue from the Sale of Water
New Low Cost Fresh Water (Toronto area)
New Resources for Agriculture, Mining & Pulp
Employment and Capital Inflows (with tax revenues)
New Supporting Secondary Industries Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
93. Win Win for Canada!Win Win for Canada!
Economic advantages to Canada: to offset
the global warming “bite”
This has tremendous political, financial, and
psychological advantages to unite various
factions in Canada and promote Canadian
pride by uniting Aboriginal, Quebec, Ontario
and Western interests.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
94. A Call to Action !A Call to Action !
Canada is an Expert in Large-Scale
Infrastructure-Building Programs.
Canada supports clean electricity technology,
which then can be imported.
It is time to build political and social solution,
which is “Made in CanadaMade in Canada”.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
95. The Canadian Touch
Our hope is that it will be
a Canadian company
interested in developing
tradable Canadian goods
and not some company
from Korea, Germany or
the Netherlands, which
will see the light.
Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010
96. Anticipation!
Experts assert that this water crisis is more
than a cyclical "drought.
Just as energy security became a national
priority during the Arab Oil Embargo of 1973–
74, water security will become a national and
global priority in the decades ahead.
They will say, “We didn't know it was coming." Romain Audet
roaudet@gmail.com
August 19, 2010