This presentation is a part of a series of webinars being conducted by PSIE for awareness of different aspects of Industrial Engineering. It covers the safety statistics of Pakistan, economic effects and costs.

2. SAFETY and HEALTH
A Brief Session on Awareness and Pakistan’s scenario
Pakistan Society
of Industrial
Engineers
The OHS Consultants
Ltd

3. A brief intro
Name Usman Dawood Barry
Qualification Industrial Engineer from IoBM, Karachi
Professional Diploma in HSE from Skill Development
Council
Professional Experience Assistant Manager @ S.K. Industries
Founder/CEO and Lead Trainer @ The OHS Consultants
Guest Speaker on Safety at different Forums
Memberships Associate Member @ Fire Protection Association of
Pakistan (FPAP)
Member of Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE)

4. About this session
• Create awareness about safety
• Promote safety attitude and culture
• An insight to Pakistan’s scenario

5. Occupational health & safety
• The practice of making the working environment as free as possible
from conditions that can cause harm to personnel and property

6. Occupational health & safety
• Why it is important?
• A safe environment is productive and efficient
• Keeps all secured from unwanted mishaps
• Moral and ethical requirement
• It is your Constitutional Right
• under article Article 37(e)

7. Some basic OHS terminologies
• Accident
• Hazard
• Incident/Mishap
• Risk

8. Causes of incidents
• Unsafe conditions
• Unsafe acts
• Act of Nature

9. •If you are unconcerned about safety, you
are contributing to the risk

10. Fire & Fire Safety

11. Fire
• What it is?
• An energy releasing (exothermic) chemical reaction which is initiated only
when appropriate amount of temperature, fuel and oxygen are present at the
same instant

12. Why fire safety is important
• Fires cause 1% of the global burden of disease and 300,000 deaths
per year
• At the beginning of the 21st century, there were reported 7,000,000
to 8,000,000 fires annually with 70,000 to 80,000 fire deaths and
500,000 to 800,000 fire injuries
• Centre of Fire Statistics of CTIF, 2006

13. • Other than life losses/injuries, there are economic damages also
• In U.S. alone, fire incidents cost $170 billion each year
• OSHA statistics
• Equivalent to PKR 18,000 billion
• Indirect losses include
• Psychological/traumas/emotional
• Insurance/repair
• Time lost
• Reputation/Legal

14. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Forests Vehicle Other transport Dwellings Other Buildings Uncategorized
General distribution of fire deaths globally

15. Pakistan’s scenario
• The fire incidents kill 16,500 people and leave 164,000 injured or
disabled every year across the country but the government is yet to
adopt a National Fire Safety Policy to control the situation.
• The Nation newspaper, Sep 24 2012
• The country suffers an estimated loss of Rs400 billion every year

16. Fire Services
• Long neglected under the municipalities
• No fire law in the country
• there was a fire service law of 1949 for the West Punjab, which was abolished
by the basic democracy ordinances and the subsequent local government
ordinances have reduced it to a few words
• The first professionally trained and modern fire service was finally
launched from Lahore on 5th June 2007 by the name of Rescue 1122
• Expanded to Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Sialkot and Murree.

17. Rescue 1122 – some achievements
• Launched Community Awareness Programme in all districts of the
Punjab, to educate the common citizens regarding fire safety, First aid
training and basic life support skills
• Have responded to thousands of fire calls and saved lives & losses
worth billions of rupees

18. Emergency Response #
16/1216
http://karachi.local.pk/important-phone-numbers/?id=firefighting_service_numbers

19. Fire Incidents between Year 2007 to June
2010
http://www.hemmingfire.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/1213/Causes_of_Fire_Emergencies_managed_by_Rescue_1122_in_Punjab,_Pakistan.html

20. Causes of Fire
• Many fires are caused by old and faulty electrical wiring.
• Older homes and commercial settings are particularly susceptible because of
aluminum wiring that increases the chances of fire
• An ongoing “Energy Crisis” in the country and unscheduled power
failure is also a contributing factor in short circuiting
• Children playing with matches are a major source of home
fires/kitchen fires
• Fire and burn injuries are the second leading cause of accidental deaths in
children ages 1-4, and the third leading cause of injury and death for ages 1-
18

21. Other common causes of Fires
• Careless cooking
• Use of ordinary extension cords
• Placement of electric heaters and open flame heaters too close to
combustibles etc.

22. Leading causes of the reported fire
incidents
50%
10%
5%
2%
1% 1% 0.82% 0.18%
25%
5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Short Circuiting Careless Smoking Gas Leakage Candle/Heater Forest Fires Fire Works LPG/Cylinder Blast Kitchen Fire Unknown others

23. Classes of Fires
• Class A
• Caused by combustible solids like wood, paper & plastics
• Class B
• Caused by flammable liquids and gases
• Flammable liquids like petrol, kerosene, alcohols, etc
• Flammable gases natural gas (methane), propane, butane, etc

24. Classes of Fires [cont’d]
• Class C/E
• Electrical Fires
• Class D
• Metal fire caused by combustible metals such as magnesium, potassium
• Not much common

25. Classes of Fires [cont’d]
• Class K
• Kitchen Fires
• Caused by cooking oils left unattended on burning stoves
• NEVER use Water to extinguish
• Also caused by natural gas leakage

26. Smoke
• Smoke occurs when there is incomplete combustion (not
enough oxygen to burn the fuel completely)
• When incomplete combustion occurs, not everything is burned
• Smoke is a collection of these tiny unburned particles
• Each particle is too small to see with your eyes, but when they come
together, you see them as smoke.

28. Dangers of Smoke
• Smoke inhalation is the primary cause of death in victims of indoor
fires
• Nearly 75% of home fire victims die because of the effects of the smoke
rather than the fire.
• Another danger is that smoke contains flammable compounds
• With increased oxygen, these can ignite either through open flames or by
their own temperature. This leads to a backdraught or flashover effect.
• Smoke also obscures visibility
• Many deaths occur because people (including firefighters) become
disorientated in smoke and can’t find their way out of a building.

29. How to Escape when there is Smoke

30. How to Escape when there is Smoke

31. Fire Extinguishers
• Work on the principle of removing/reducing one of the fire elements
• Reducing the temperature
• Cutting off oxygen
• Neutralizing the fuel
• For different classes of fires, there are different types of fire
extinguishers

39. Electrical Safety

40. Respect Electricity
• Electricity is the scariest and most dangerous hazard within the
home, moving at record defying speeds, not making a sound, and
completely odorless.
• Overlooking basic electrical safety practices can lead to
accidents, injuries, fires, and even deaths.

41. Some Common Electrical Incidents

43. Electrical Safety Tips
• Maintain proper pest control to avoid rodent damage to electric
wiring and equipment
• Ensure that your electrical appliance is first switched off, before
unplugging it from the mains.
• When connecting or disconnecting the electrical appliance, hold the
plug instead of the cord to prevent damage to the cord, which could
expose you to live wires
• Do not Use a plug with cracks or signs of overheating (e.g.
discoloration or charring)
• NEVER put out electrical fires with WATER

44. Electrical shock consequences
• Typical symptoms include
• Unconsciousness
• Difficulties in breathing or no breathing at all
• A weak, erratic pulse or no pulse at all
• Burns, particularly entrance and exit burns (where the electricity entered and
left the body)
• Sudden onset of cardiac arrest.

45. What to do when someone gets electrical
shock
• If a person is not able to remove himself/herself from the electrical
source, NEVER touch that person directly. Human body is good
conductor of electricity and electricity will flow through the body of
2nd person
• Firstly attempt to turn off the source of the electricity (disconnect) –
switch off, manually set off circuit breaker or mains, etc.
• If the electrical source can not readily and safely be turned off, use a
non-conducting object, such as a fibre glass object or a wooden
pole, to remove the person from the electrical source

46. Obsolete safety laws in Pakistan
• Factories Act 1934
• Factories Rule
• Hazardous Occupations Rule 1963
• Mines Act, 1923
• Workmen Compensation Act, 1923
• Boilers and Pressure Vessels Ordinance, 2002

47. Contact info
the.ohs.consultants@gmail.com
/OHSConsultants
ud_barry
udbarry.wordpress.com – The Safety Blog