Dynamic Simulation of Chemical Kinetics in MicrocontrollerIJERA Editor
Arduino boards are interesting computational tools due to low cost and power consumption, as well as I/O ports, both analogs and digitals. Yet, small memory and clock frequency with truncation errors may disrupt numerical processing. This study aimed to design and evaluate the performance of a dynamic simulation based on ODEs in the Arduino, with three evaluated microprocessors; ATMEGA 328P and 2560, both 8 bits, and SAM3X8E Atmel ARM CORTEX – 32 bits. The study case was a batch reactor dynamic simulation. The Runge-Kutta 4th order algorithm was written in C++ and compiled for EPROM utilization. The output was a 115000bit/s serial connection. Processing time was almost identical for 8 bits architectures, while 32 bits was 25% faster. Without the serial connection the 8 bits architectures were 16 times faster and the 32 bits was 42 times faster. Error truncation was similar, since the floating points are done through software. The Arduino platform, despite its modest hardware, allows simple chemical systems simulation.
A report on Groundwater quality studies in Malwa region of Punjab, MUKTSARIJERA Editor
Punjab is the most cultivated state in India with the highest consumption of fertilizers. Muktsar district is one of them. Economy of the district is based on the Agriculture crops and 80% population of the district is engaged in Agriculture. Sri Muktsar Sahib is situated in the cotton belt of Punjab. Paddy, Wheat, Sugarcane, Oilseeds, Pulses and vegetables are also cultivated in this area. This paper highlights the analysis of groundwater quality parameters and compares its suitability for irrigation and drinking purpose. Water samples were collected from hand-pumps at different depth in October 2010. . Water samples were analysed for almost all major cations, anions, dissolved heavy metals and turbidity. parameters like total hardness, EC, magnesium ratio, were calculated on the basis of chemical data. A questionnaire was also used to investigate perception of villagers on taste and odour. The heavy metals studied in industrial area of Muktsar were Mercury, arsenic and lead. Comparison of the concentration of the chemical constituents with WHO (world health organization) drinking water standards of 2004 , ICMR limits and various classifications show that present status of groundwater in Muktsar is not suitable for drinking. Higher totalhardness (TH) and total dissolved solids at numerous places indicate the unsuitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. Results obtained in this forms baseline data for the utility of groundwater. No clear correlation between the quality parameters studied here and perceived quality in terms of satisfactory taste response were obtained at electrical conductivity values higher than the threshold minimum acceptable value.
Dynamic Simulation of Chemical Kinetics in MicrocontrollerIJERA Editor
Arduino boards are interesting computational tools due to low cost and power consumption, as well as I/O ports, both analogs and digitals. Yet, small memory and clock frequency with truncation errors may disrupt numerical processing. This study aimed to design and evaluate the performance of a dynamic simulation based on ODEs in the Arduino, with three evaluated microprocessors; ATMEGA 328P and 2560, both 8 bits, and SAM3X8E Atmel ARM CORTEX – 32 bits. The study case was a batch reactor dynamic simulation. The Runge-Kutta 4th order algorithm was written in C++ and compiled for EPROM utilization. The output was a 115000bit/s serial connection. Processing time was almost identical for 8 bits architectures, while 32 bits was 25% faster. Without the serial connection the 8 bits architectures were 16 times faster and the 32 bits was 42 times faster. Error truncation was similar, since the floating points are done through software. The Arduino platform, despite its modest hardware, allows simple chemical systems simulation.
A report on Groundwater quality studies in Malwa region of Punjab, MUKTSARIJERA Editor
Punjab is the most cultivated state in India with the highest consumption of fertilizers. Muktsar district is one of them. Economy of the district is based on the Agriculture crops and 80% population of the district is engaged in Agriculture. Sri Muktsar Sahib is situated in the cotton belt of Punjab. Paddy, Wheat, Sugarcane, Oilseeds, Pulses and vegetables are also cultivated in this area. This paper highlights the analysis of groundwater quality parameters and compares its suitability for irrigation and drinking purpose. Water samples were collected from hand-pumps at different depth in October 2010. . Water samples were analysed for almost all major cations, anions, dissolved heavy metals and turbidity. parameters like total hardness, EC, magnesium ratio, were calculated on the basis of chemical data. A questionnaire was also used to investigate perception of villagers on taste and odour. The heavy metals studied in industrial area of Muktsar were Mercury, arsenic and lead. Comparison of the concentration of the chemical constituents with WHO (world health organization) drinking water standards of 2004 , ICMR limits and various classifications show that present status of groundwater in Muktsar is not suitable for drinking. Higher totalhardness (TH) and total dissolved solids at numerous places indicate the unsuitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. Results obtained in this forms baseline data for the utility of groundwater. No clear correlation between the quality parameters studied here and perceived quality in terms of satisfactory taste response were obtained at electrical conductivity values higher than the threshold minimum acceptable value.
in September 2014, the Buffalo History Museum unveiled its first exhibit of Hispanic history in the Buffalo, NY area. Here are the exhibit panels. Many thanks to Casimiro Rodriguez and the Hispanic Heritage Council.
In this paper we tried to correlate text sequences those provides common topics for semantic clues. We propose a two step method for asynchronous text mining. Step one check for the common topics in the sequences and isolates these with their timestamps. Step two takes the topic and tries to give the timestamp of the text document. After multiple repetitions of step two, we could give optimum result.
Adsorptive Removal Of Dye From Industrial Dye Effluents Using Low-Cost Adsorb...IJERA Editor
Industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities of humans have affected the environmental system, resulting in drastic problems such as global warming and the generation of wastewater containing high concentration of pollutants. As water of good quality is a precious commodity and available in limited amounts, it has become highly imperative to treat wastewater for removal of pollutants. In addition, the rapid modernization of society has also led to the generation of huge amount of materials of little value that have no fruitful use. Such materials are generally considered as waste, and their disposal is a problem. The utilization of all such materials as low-cost adsorbents for the treatment of wastewater may make them of some value. An effort has been made to give a brief idea about the low-cost alternative adsorbents with a view to utilizing these waste/low-cost materials in the treatment of wastewater.
Planar Inverted-F Antenna for GPS Application - A studyIJERA Editor
survey of recent studies and findings on wireless technology and its applications are explored aggressively in few areas that have the greatest potential for achieving entirely new capabilities using antennas. we have presented in depth conceptual understanding of antennas and potential application in wireless communication an exhaustive list of reference has been proceed.
Total Harmonic Distortion Analysis of Multilevel Inverter Fed To Induction Mo...IJERA Editor
This paper presents the control of a multilevel inverter supplied by a Photovoltaic (PV) panel and a batteries
bank. It is well known that the power quality of multilevel inverter signals depends on their number of levels.
However, the question that arises is whether there is a limit beyond which it is not necessary to increase the
number of level. This question is addressed in this paper. Three, nine and fifteen-level converters are studied.
The harmonics content of the output signals are analyzed. A simplified Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM)
method for a multilevel inverter that supplied an induction motor is developed. The controller equations are such
that the SPWM pulses are generated automatically for any number of levels. The effectiveness of the propose
method is evaluated in simulation. Matlab®/ Simulink is used to implement the control algorithm and simulate
the system.
The Opportunity of Using Wind to Generate Power as a Renewable Energy:"Case o...IJERA Editor
The demand ofsustainable energy is increased daily by expanding our cities and creating new cities and suburbswith huge towers besides increasing in population,moreover the environment and human life is threatening by the pollutions resulted from energy generation. For this reason the researchersattracted todevelop renewable energy and explore its large benefits and unit capacity. Wind power is one of the clean renewable energy resources.Therefore the importance of implementing this resource in Kuwait draws our attention to make this research to emphasis on the technical and economic aspects due to acceptable environmental conditions. Whereas, in some areas of the world, such as in Japan, has some geographical and electrical restrictions such as power fluctuating for land wind generation. And the introductionof large amount of wind power generation tends to be extremely difficult and even impossible in some location. This research is aimed to concentrate on the visibility of utilizing the wind energy as complementary source for the existing steam and gas turbine power stations in Kuwait, furthermore point out the economical perspectives that will guide us to take the right decision. The location of wind farms is very important in this aspect where we cannot build such projects inside the cities between buildings besides meeting the minimum requirements for economic generation. The study prove to us that even at a location which is almost close to the inhabitants buildings ( Kuwait airport ) can get accepted results the historical data was collected from the weather station at internet. The implementation of wind turbine farms is foreseen to be economic in generation for long run and encouragestepping up toward putting the infrastructure design. Furthermoreit is an opportunity for creating new job vacancies.
Epicresearch daily derivatives market report on 16 january 2015Epic Research Limited
Try your fortune in the derivative segment with the Derivatives Market Tips by Epic Research Private Limited, a leading financial advisory in India. Our daily report is based on the analysis done by the research team having years of expertise in Derivative segments like future and options.
Segmentation and Classification of Skin Lesions Based on Texture FeaturesIJERA Editor
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer and represents 50% all new cancers detected each year. The deadliest form of skin cancer is melanoma and its incidence has been rising at a rate of 3% per year. Due to the costs for dermatologists to monitor every patient, there is a need for an computerized system to evaluate a patient‘s risk of melanoma using images of their skin lesions captured using a standard digital camera. In Proposed method, a novel texture-based skin lesion segmentation algorithm is used and to classify the stages of skin cancer using probabilistic neural network. Probabilistic neural network will give better performance in this system to detect a lot of stages in skin lesion. To extract the characteristics from various skin lesions and its united features gives better classification with new approached probabilistic neural network. There are five different skin lesions commonly grouped as Actinic Keratosis (AK), Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Melanocytic Nevus / Mole (ML), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), Seborrhoeic Keratosis (SK). The system will be used to classify the queried images automatically to decide the stages of abnormality. The lesion diagnosis system involves two stages of process such as training and classification. Feature selection is used in the classified framework that chooses the most relevant feature subsets at each node of the hierarchy. An automatic classifier will be used for classification based on learning with some training samples of each stage. The accuracy of the proposed neural scheme is higher in discriminating cancer and pre-malignant lesions from benign skin lesions, and it attains an total classification accuracy is high of skin lesions.
Polynomial Function and Fuzzy Inference for Evaluating the Project Performanc...IJERA Editor
The objectives of this paper are two folds. The first one is to improve the time forecasting produced from the well known Earned Value Management (EVM), using the polynomial function. The time prediction observed from the polynomial model, which is compared against that observed from the most common method for time forecasting (critical path method), is a more accurate (mean absolute percentage of error is less than 2%) than that observed from the conventional deterministic forecasting methods (CDFMs). The second is to evaluate and forecast the overall project performance under uncertainty using the fuzzy inference. As the uncertainty is inherent in real life projects, the polynomial function and fuzzy inference model (PFFI) can assist the project managers, to estimate the future status of the project in a more robust and reliable way. Two examples are used to illustrate how the new method can be implemented in reality.
Treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater by reed bed technology: A lo...IJERA Editor
Reed bed system for wastewater treatment has been proven to be effective and sustainable alternative for conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Use of macrophytes to treat wastewater is also categorized in this method. This new approach is based on natural processes for the removal of different aquatic macrophytes such as floating, submerged and emergent. Macrophytes are assumed to be the main biological components of wetlands. These techniques are reported to be cost effective compared to other methods. Various contaminants like total suspended solids, dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, heavy metals, and other contaminants have been minimized using aquatic microphytes. In this paper, role of these plant species, origin and their occurrence, ecological factors and their efficiency in reduction of different water contaminants have been presented.
