The document discusses how to solve one-step word problems by identifying key words to translate the problem into a mathematical equation. It provides an example word problem about two siblings, McKenzie and Braeden, who plan to own 10 cats by summer and currently own 4 cats. The problem is translated into the equation "Cats they need plus cats they own equal their total cats", or c + 4 = 10, which is then solved to determine they need 6 more cats.