This document provides an overview of oncolytic viral therapy as a treatment for cancer. It defines oncolytic viral therapy as using genetically modified viruses that selectively kill cancer cells. The document describes how viruses work, then explains the process of modifying a virus so that it is attracted to a tumor's proteins and will inject its DNA into cancer cells to replicate and kill them. It discusses some viruses like measles, herpes, and adenovirus that have shown success in clinical trials against various cancers. The benefits of oncolytic viral therapy are its targeted nature which leads to fewer side effects compared to other treatments.
Paul Ewald - Evolution as a Unifying Principle for Medical Sciences: The Case...Diego Alcaino
Infectious agents are increasingly recognized as important causes of cancer. While the 1979 textbook stated there was no evidence viruses caused cancer, it is now accepted that around 20% of cancers worldwide are caused by chronic infections. The document discusses several cancers that are now firmly linked to specific infectious pathogens, including cervical cancer linked to HPV. It predicts several other cancers may be accepted as caused by infections in the coming decades.
Oncolytic Virus Therapy Development - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
Oncolytic virotherapy is cancer treatment using a native or reprogrammed virus that has the potential to targeting and killing cancerous cell. Taking advantage of the OncoVirapy™ platform, Creative Biolabs provides customized, standardized, and reliable and high-quality oncolytic virus therapy development services for clients globally.
This document describes a case study of a 4-year-old male patient presenting with generalized fatigue and abdominal protrusion for 2 weeks. On examination, enlarged lymph nodes were found and the liver and spleen were enlarged. Laboratory tests found anemia and abnormally high white blood cell count with many lymphocytes. Bone marrow aspiration revealed 98.5% lymphocytes. The patient was diagnosed with lymphoblastic leukemia and treated with iron injections over 33 days with little improvement. He later developed a rash typical of chickenpox and fever.
This document outlines oncolytic viruses as anticancer agents. It begins with an introduction discussing the rising rates of cancer deaths worldwide and in Nigeria. It then provides historical background on early human trials of viruses for cancer treatment in the 1940s-1970s. The document discusses the characteristics and mechanisms of action of ideal oncolytic viruses, including their ability to selectively infect and lyse cancer cells. It also examines the genomic organization of several oncolytic viruses like adenovirus, maraba virus, herpes simplex virus, vaccinia virus, and poliovirus. Finally, it reviews current genetic manipulations of oncolytic viruses in clinical trials and their targeting of tumors.
This document provides an overview of oncolytic viruses (OVs) as a potential cancer treatment. It discusses how OVs selectively target and kill cancer cells through direct lysis and stimulation of anti-tumor immunity. The mechanisms of OV action and various strategies for enhancing their efficacy are described, such as arming OVs with immunostimulatory genes or anti-angiogenic factors. Several OVs currently in clinical trials are highlighted, including T-VEC which was approved in 2015 for melanoma treatment. The document concludes that OVs show promise as a novel cancer immunotherapy but further research is still needed to address issues like viral resistance and toxicity.
Human Papilloma Virus : Cervical Cancer and VaccinesAbhijit Chaudhury
HPV is known to cause cervical cancer. The history of understanding the link between HPV and cervical cancer began in the late 1800s and early 1900s when the infectious nature of genital warts was discovered. In the 1970s, an association between HPV infection of the cervix and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was recognized. In 1983, HPV types 16 and 18 were discovered in cervical cancer cells, and in 2008 the discoverer was awarded the Nobel Prize for establishing the causal link between HPV and cervical cancer. HPV is a small non-enveloped virus that replicates in squamous epithelial cells and causes warts. Certain high-risk HPV types can lead to cancer by disrupting the
here i discussed some human oncogenic viruses , their epidemeology, life cycle, treatment, prevention and control. . oncogenic viruses are cancer causing viruses.
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M1 Infectious Disease / Microbiology sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1IDM
Paul Ewald - Evolution as a Unifying Principle for Medical Sciences: The Case...Diego Alcaino
Infectious agents are increasingly recognized as important causes of cancer. While the 1979 textbook stated there was no evidence viruses caused cancer, it is now accepted that around 20% of cancers worldwide are caused by chronic infections. The document discusses several cancers that are now firmly linked to specific infectious pathogens, including cervical cancer linked to HPV. It predicts several other cancers may be accepted as caused by infections in the coming decades.
Oncolytic Virus Therapy Development - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
Oncolytic virotherapy is cancer treatment using a native or reprogrammed virus that has the potential to targeting and killing cancerous cell. Taking advantage of the OncoVirapy™ platform, Creative Biolabs provides customized, standardized, and reliable and high-quality oncolytic virus therapy development services for clients globally.
This document describes a case study of a 4-year-old male patient presenting with generalized fatigue and abdominal protrusion for 2 weeks. On examination, enlarged lymph nodes were found and the liver and spleen were enlarged. Laboratory tests found anemia and abnormally high white blood cell count with many lymphocytes. Bone marrow aspiration revealed 98.5% lymphocytes. The patient was diagnosed with lymphoblastic leukemia and treated with iron injections over 33 days with little improvement. He later developed a rash typical of chickenpox and fever.
This document outlines oncolytic viruses as anticancer agents. It begins with an introduction discussing the rising rates of cancer deaths worldwide and in Nigeria. It then provides historical background on early human trials of viruses for cancer treatment in the 1940s-1970s. The document discusses the characteristics and mechanisms of action of ideal oncolytic viruses, including their ability to selectively infect and lyse cancer cells. It also examines the genomic organization of several oncolytic viruses like adenovirus, maraba virus, herpes simplex virus, vaccinia virus, and poliovirus. Finally, it reviews current genetic manipulations of oncolytic viruses in clinical trials and their targeting of tumors.
This document provides an overview of oncolytic viruses (OVs) as a potential cancer treatment. It discusses how OVs selectively target and kill cancer cells through direct lysis and stimulation of anti-tumor immunity. The mechanisms of OV action and various strategies for enhancing their efficacy are described, such as arming OVs with immunostimulatory genes or anti-angiogenic factors. Several OVs currently in clinical trials are highlighted, including T-VEC which was approved in 2015 for melanoma treatment. The document concludes that OVs show promise as a novel cancer immunotherapy but further research is still needed to address issues like viral resistance and toxicity.
Human Papilloma Virus : Cervical Cancer and VaccinesAbhijit Chaudhury
HPV is known to cause cervical cancer. The history of understanding the link between HPV and cervical cancer began in the late 1800s and early 1900s when the infectious nature of genital warts was discovered. In the 1970s, an association between HPV infection of the cervix and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was recognized. In 1983, HPV types 16 and 18 were discovered in cervical cancer cells, and in 2008 the discoverer was awarded the Nobel Prize for establishing the causal link between HPV and cervical cancer. HPV is a small non-enveloped virus that replicates in squamous epithelial cells and causes warts. Certain high-risk HPV types can lead to cancer by disrupting the
here i discussed some human oncogenic viruses , their epidemeology, life cycle, treatment, prevention and control. . oncogenic viruses are cancer causing viruses.
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M1 Infectious Disease / Microbiology sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1IDM
The document discusses several oncogenic viruses including HPV, EBV, and CMV. It provides details on:
- HPV's role in causing cervical cancer and other cancers and its transmission and symptoms. Treatment involves vaccination and screening but not a cure for the virus itself.
- EBV's association with mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Symptoms and diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis are described.
- CMV is common but often causes no symptoms as the immune system usually keeps it from causing illness, though it can cause problems for those with weakened immunity.
Oncolytic viruses(OVs)are viral strains that can infect and kill malignant cells without harming normal cells, while simultaneously stimulate the immune system and creating system antitumor immunity. Oncolytic viruses have become one of the aglare immunotherapies that have been extensively studied and developed.
Creative Biolabs is a world-renowned service provider for immunotherapy. Taking advantage of the OncoVirapy™ platform, Creative Biolabs provides a comprehensive overview on the basic biology that support OVs as cancer therapeutic agents, including properties of inherent and engineered oncolytic viruses, mechanisms of viral targeting cancer cells, mechanisms of action of viruses killing cancer cells (induction of local and systemic anti-tumor immunity). Based on this basic knowledge review, we hope you can have a comprehensive understanding of OVs and quickly capture one of the frontiers of immunotherapy research.
1. RNA viruses like SFV and VSV are effective oncolytic viruses but their replication is inhibited by type I interferons, limiting their efficacy.
2. Vaccinia virus has greater potential as an oncolytic virus because it produces a protein called B18R that allows it to evade type I interferon inhibition.
3. The study shows that vaccinia virus or B18R can boost the replication of RNA viruses like SFV and VSV in cancer cells by overcoming the antiviral effects of type I interferons. This dual viral therapy leads to enhanced oncolytic activity.
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are therapeutically useful viruses which selectively infect and damage cancerous tissues without causing harm to normal tissues. Every virus has a specific cellular tropism that determines which tissues are preferentially infected, and what disease is caused. A number of naturally occurring viruses have a preferential, although non-exclusive, tropism for tumors and tumor cells. This probably has more to do with tumor biology than with virus biology as most tumors have evolved not only to avoid immune detection and destruction but also to resist apoptosis and translational suppression, which are the crucial responses used by normal cells to limit a virus infection. OVs can kill infected cancer cells in a number of different ways, ranging from direct virus-mediated cytotoxicity through various cytotoxic immune effector mechanisms.
Oncoviruses like EBV, HBV, HCV, HHV-8, and HPV can cause cancer through several mechanisms. They establish long-term, persistent infections which allow them to integrate into the host cell genome. This can disrupt tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes, activating them into oncogenes. Oncoproteins also interfere with apoptosis and evade immune detection. However, viral infection alone is usually not sufficient to cause cancer, requiring additional genetic changes over many years. While infections contribute significantly to cancer worldwide, not all infected individuals develop tumors due to biological complexities in viral carcinogenesis.
- Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are viral strains that can infect and kill malignant cells without harming normal cells, while simultaneously stimulating the immune system and creating antitumor immunity.
- Early observations in the early 1900s found that some cancer patients experienced tumor regression after acquiring viral illnesses, which led researchers to hypothesize that genetically engineered viruses could be used to treat cancer.
- Since the first OV entered clinical trials in 1996, various OVs have been successfully tested against many cancer types and numerous clinical trials are currently evaluating their efficacy and safety.
Professor Akseli Hemminki presents on gene therapy and oncolytic virusesOncos Therapeutics
Presentation held on October 28, 2010, at Institute for Molecular Medicine for Finland (FIMM). The presentation includes information on a newest theory on immune response against the cancer tumor, mediated by oncolytic viruses
Oncolytic virus immunotherapy knowledgeCandy Swift
Due to the in-depth knowledge of immunology and tumor biology, scientists of Creative Biolabs keep devoting endless effort to the development of immunotherapy strategies and reagents aiming at specific categories and features of various cancers.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/disease-specific-oncolytic-virotherapy-development.htm
Oncolytic viruses selectively infect and kill cancer cells. They have a natural tropism for tumors due to differences in tumor and normal cell biology. Oncolytic viruses can kill cancer cells through direct cytotoxicity and immune responses. While early clinical trials in the 1950s saw some tumor regressions but also toxicity, the field of oncolytic virotherapy has advanced significantly with ongoing clinical trials of various virus types. Key areas of research include improving virus delivery to tumors, enhancing intratumoral spread, and stimulating antitumor immunity.
This document reviews oncogenic, or cancer-causing, viruses. It aims to highlight the distribution and epidemiology of viruses associated with cancer. Several viruses are known to or suspected of causing cancer in humans, including human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, human herpesvirus 8, human immunodeficiency virus, and human T-lymphotropic virus 1. Oncogenic viruses are divided into DNA and RNA viruses. They cause cancer through various mechanisms during viral replication, including activating oncogenes and causing mutations. The prevalence of viral infections worldwide that are associated with cancer varies by virus and region. Certain virus-induced cancers also have high rates globally, such
Oncolytic viruses are a unique class of cancer therapeutics that target viral replication and lysis specifically to tumor cells. They work through three mechanisms: 1) cell lysis within tumors, 2) immune recognition of viral particles tagging tumor cells as foreign, and 3) presentation of tumor antigens to stimulate antitumor immunity. Phase II trials of the oncolytic adenovirus ONYX-015 as a single agent showed responses in recurrent head and neck cancer patients who had failed other treatments. Intravenous delivery of the engineered oncolytic virus JX-594 leads to high cancer-selective amplification and spread within tumors through multiple anticancer mechanisms. JX-594 has shown tumor eradication in
Viruses can cause cancer through several mechanisms. Small DNA tumor viruses like HPV and adenovirus often integrate into the host genome and express early genes that promote cell cycle progression and prevent apoptosis. This leads to uncontrolled cell growth. Herpesviruses like EBV and KSHV can cause cancer during their latency phase by expressing genes that induce cell activation and proliferation programs. Chronic viral infections may also cause cancer over long periods through prolonged inflammation. Studying virus-associated cancers provides insights into cancer mechanisms and potential new targets for treatment.
My first proposal, Everyone knows a person that have or had Cancer. We know that Cancer dosen't have a cure an yet the therapies for it, sometimes, do more harm to the person because the therapy do not choose what kind of cell is going to destroy. But if we can develop a new kind of treatment, a less agresive and more effective one, we will increase the survival chances and minimizes the secondary efects.
Oncolytic virus immunotherapy is a therapeutic approach to cancer treatment that utilizes native or genetically modified viruses that selectively replicate within tumor cells.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/
Cancer is caused by unusual cell growth due to genetic mutations and can form benign or malignant tumors. Oncolytic viral therapy uses viruses that specifically infect and destroy cancer cells by exploiting differences between normal and cancer cells. Various strategies are used for tumor targeting including pro-apoptotic targeting using viral genes, transcriptional targeting by placing viral genes under tumor-specific promoters, and transductional targeting based on overexpression of receptors on cancer cells. Adenoviruses and reoviruses have been studied extensively as oncolytic viruses due to their ability to selectively replicate in and lyse cancer cells.
Oncogenic viruses can interact with host cells in ways that promote oncogenesis through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Direct mechanisms include viruses introducing oncogenes that alter cellular signaling pathways and disrupt cell cycle control. Indirect mechanisms involve evading immune responses, establishing chronic infections, and inducing chronic inflammation. Specific oncogenic viruses discussed include EBV, HPV, HBV, HCV, HTLV-1, and KSHV. Each virus employs distinct strategies to activate cancer hallmarks in host cells, with EBV and HPV expressing oncoproteins that mimic cellular signaling and proliferation factors, while HBV/HCV cause liver damage and HBV/HTLV-1 inhibit apoptosis.
The document discusses viral oncogenesis and viruses associated with human tumors. It provides a brief history and discoveries related to oncogenic viruses over the years. Some key points include that approximately 10-20% of human tumors are caused by viruses. Viruses can cause cancer through direct introduction of viral oncogenes or indirect modulation of cellular genes. Some major viruses associated with human cancers include human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, and human T-cell leukemia virus.
This presentation discusses the etiology of cancer, focusing on viruses, radiation, environmental and industrial carcinogens, diet, nutrition, tobacco, alcohol consumption, and genetic susceptibility as causes of cancer. Dr. Manash K. Paul from the Department of Biology at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research will provide the presentation for teaching purposes only. The document contains no other information.
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) is one of oncolytic viruses being studied in cancer therapeutic research and several oHSVs have been investigated in clinical trials. ith the increasing experience and knowledge of HSV system, Creative Biolabs commits to developing efficacious oncolytic herpes simplex virus and enabling wider applications in oncolytic virotherapy of cancers.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/oncolytic-herpes-simplex-virus.htm
Gene therapy involves delivering genes into cells using vectors like viruses to treat genetic defects. Somatic gene therapy temporarily alters the genes in specific cells of the body but not reproductive cells, so the changes are not inherited. Germline gene therapy modifies sperm, eggs or embryos so changes are inherited, but this raises ethical issues. Xenotransplantation transplants animal organs like pig hearts into humans but organs are rejected, so gene therapy modifies pigs' organs to reduce rejection.
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) is a group of viruses that selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells, while leaving the normal tissue uninfected. OVs provide a diverse platform for immunotherapy; they act as in situ vaccines, and can be armed with immuno-modulatory transgenes or combined with other immunotherapies, such as immune-checkpoint inhibitor.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/introduction-and-mechanism-of-oncolytic-virus-therapy.htm
The strategy implementation of immunotherapeutic for the treatment of cancer has gained prominence over the past decade. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are viral strains that can infect and kill malignant cells without harming normal cells, while simultaneously stimulating the immune system and creating antitumor immunity.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/oncolytic-virotherapy-development-for-combination-therapy-with-cancer-immunotherapy.htm
The document discusses several oncogenic viruses including HPV, EBV, and CMV. It provides details on:
- HPV's role in causing cervical cancer and other cancers and its transmission and symptoms. Treatment involves vaccination and screening but not a cure for the virus itself.
- EBV's association with mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Symptoms and diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis are described.
- CMV is common but often causes no symptoms as the immune system usually keeps it from causing illness, though it can cause problems for those with weakened immunity.
Oncolytic viruses(OVs)are viral strains that can infect and kill malignant cells without harming normal cells, while simultaneously stimulate the immune system and creating system antitumor immunity. Oncolytic viruses have become one of the aglare immunotherapies that have been extensively studied and developed.
Creative Biolabs is a world-renowned service provider for immunotherapy. Taking advantage of the OncoVirapy™ platform, Creative Biolabs provides a comprehensive overview on the basic biology that support OVs as cancer therapeutic agents, including properties of inherent and engineered oncolytic viruses, mechanisms of viral targeting cancer cells, mechanisms of action of viruses killing cancer cells (induction of local and systemic anti-tumor immunity). Based on this basic knowledge review, we hope you can have a comprehensive understanding of OVs and quickly capture one of the frontiers of immunotherapy research.
1. RNA viruses like SFV and VSV are effective oncolytic viruses but their replication is inhibited by type I interferons, limiting their efficacy.
2. Vaccinia virus has greater potential as an oncolytic virus because it produces a protein called B18R that allows it to evade type I interferon inhibition.
3. The study shows that vaccinia virus or B18R can boost the replication of RNA viruses like SFV and VSV in cancer cells by overcoming the antiviral effects of type I interferons. This dual viral therapy leads to enhanced oncolytic activity.
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are therapeutically useful viruses which selectively infect and damage cancerous tissues without causing harm to normal tissues. Every virus has a specific cellular tropism that determines which tissues are preferentially infected, and what disease is caused. A number of naturally occurring viruses have a preferential, although non-exclusive, tropism for tumors and tumor cells. This probably has more to do with tumor biology than with virus biology as most tumors have evolved not only to avoid immune detection and destruction but also to resist apoptosis and translational suppression, which are the crucial responses used by normal cells to limit a virus infection. OVs can kill infected cancer cells in a number of different ways, ranging from direct virus-mediated cytotoxicity through various cytotoxic immune effector mechanisms.
Oncoviruses like EBV, HBV, HCV, HHV-8, and HPV can cause cancer through several mechanisms. They establish long-term, persistent infections which allow them to integrate into the host cell genome. This can disrupt tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes, activating them into oncogenes. Oncoproteins also interfere with apoptosis and evade immune detection. However, viral infection alone is usually not sufficient to cause cancer, requiring additional genetic changes over many years. While infections contribute significantly to cancer worldwide, not all infected individuals develop tumors due to biological complexities in viral carcinogenesis.
- Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are viral strains that can infect and kill malignant cells without harming normal cells, while simultaneously stimulating the immune system and creating antitumor immunity.
- Early observations in the early 1900s found that some cancer patients experienced tumor regression after acquiring viral illnesses, which led researchers to hypothesize that genetically engineered viruses could be used to treat cancer.
- Since the first OV entered clinical trials in 1996, various OVs have been successfully tested against many cancer types and numerous clinical trials are currently evaluating their efficacy and safety.
Professor Akseli Hemminki presents on gene therapy and oncolytic virusesOncos Therapeutics
Presentation held on October 28, 2010, at Institute for Molecular Medicine for Finland (FIMM). The presentation includes information on a newest theory on immune response against the cancer tumor, mediated by oncolytic viruses
Oncolytic virus immunotherapy knowledgeCandy Swift
Due to the in-depth knowledge of immunology and tumor biology, scientists of Creative Biolabs keep devoting endless effort to the development of immunotherapy strategies and reagents aiming at specific categories and features of various cancers.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/disease-specific-oncolytic-virotherapy-development.htm
Oncolytic viruses selectively infect and kill cancer cells. They have a natural tropism for tumors due to differences in tumor and normal cell biology. Oncolytic viruses can kill cancer cells through direct cytotoxicity and immune responses. While early clinical trials in the 1950s saw some tumor regressions but also toxicity, the field of oncolytic virotherapy has advanced significantly with ongoing clinical trials of various virus types. Key areas of research include improving virus delivery to tumors, enhancing intratumoral spread, and stimulating antitumor immunity.
This document reviews oncogenic, or cancer-causing, viruses. It aims to highlight the distribution and epidemiology of viruses associated with cancer. Several viruses are known to or suspected of causing cancer in humans, including human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, human herpesvirus 8, human immunodeficiency virus, and human T-lymphotropic virus 1. Oncogenic viruses are divided into DNA and RNA viruses. They cause cancer through various mechanisms during viral replication, including activating oncogenes and causing mutations. The prevalence of viral infections worldwide that are associated with cancer varies by virus and region. Certain virus-induced cancers also have high rates globally, such
Oncolytic viruses are a unique class of cancer therapeutics that target viral replication and lysis specifically to tumor cells. They work through three mechanisms: 1) cell lysis within tumors, 2) immune recognition of viral particles tagging tumor cells as foreign, and 3) presentation of tumor antigens to stimulate antitumor immunity. Phase II trials of the oncolytic adenovirus ONYX-015 as a single agent showed responses in recurrent head and neck cancer patients who had failed other treatments. Intravenous delivery of the engineered oncolytic virus JX-594 leads to high cancer-selective amplification and spread within tumors through multiple anticancer mechanisms. JX-594 has shown tumor eradication in
Viruses can cause cancer through several mechanisms. Small DNA tumor viruses like HPV and adenovirus often integrate into the host genome and express early genes that promote cell cycle progression and prevent apoptosis. This leads to uncontrolled cell growth. Herpesviruses like EBV and KSHV can cause cancer during their latency phase by expressing genes that induce cell activation and proliferation programs. Chronic viral infections may also cause cancer over long periods through prolonged inflammation. Studying virus-associated cancers provides insights into cancer mechanisms and potential new targets for treatment.
My first proposal, Everyone knows a person that have or had Cancer. We know that Cancer dosen't have a cure an yet the therapies for it, sometimes, do more harm to the person because the therapy do not choose what kind of cell is going to destroy. But if we can develop a new kind of treatment, a less agresive and more effective one, we will increase the survival chances and minimizes the secondary efects.
Oncolytic virus immunotherapy is a therapeutic approach to cancer treatment that utilizes native or genetically modified viruses that selectively replicate within tumor cells.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/
Cancer is caused by unusual cell growth due to genetic mutations and can form benign or malignant tumors. Oncolytic viral therapy uses viruses that specifically infect and destroy cancer cells by exploiting differences between normal and cancer cells. Various strategies are used for tumor targeting including pro-apoptotic targeting using viral genes, transcriptional targeting by placing viral genes under tumor-specific promoters, and transductional targeting based on overexpression of receptors on cancer cells. Adenoviruses and reoviruses have been studied extensively as oncolytic viruses due to their ability to selectively replicate in and lyse cancer cells.
Oncogenic viruses can interact with host cells in ways that promote oncogenesis through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Direct mechanisms include viruses introducing oncogenes that alter cellular signaling pathways and disrupt cell cycle control. Indirect mechanisms involve evading immune responses, establishing chronic infections, and inducing chronic inflammation. Specific oncogenic viruses discussed include EBV, HPV, HBV, HCV, HTLV-1, and KSHV. Each virus employs distinct strategies to activate cancer hallmarks in host cells, with EBV and HPV expressing oncoproteins that mimic cellular signaling and proliferation factors, while HBV/HCV cause liver damage and HBV/HTLV-1 inhibit apoptosis.
The document discusses viral oncogenesis and viruses associated with human tumors. It provides a brief history and discoveries related to oncogenic viruses over the years. Some key points include that approximately 10-20% of human tumors are caused by viruses. Viruses can cause cancer through direct introduction of viral oncogenes or indirect modulation of cellular genes. Some major viruses associated with human cancers include human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, and human T-cell leukemia virus.
This presentation discusses the etiology of cancer, focusing on viruses, radiation, environmental and industrial carcinogens, diet, nutrition, tobacco, alcohol consumption, and genetic susceptibility as causes of cancer. Dr. Manash K. Paul from the Department of Biology at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research will provide the presentation for teaching purposes only. The document contains no other information.
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) is one of oncolytic viruses being studied in cancer therapeutic research and several oHSVs have been investigated in clinical trials. ith the increasing experience and knowledge of HSV system, Creative Biolabs commits to developing efficacious oncolytic herpes simplex virus and enabling wider applications in oncolytic virotherapy of cancers.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/oncolytic-herpes-simplex-virus.htm
Gene therapy involves delivering genes into cells using vectors like viruses to treat genetic defects. Somatic gene therapy temporarily alters the genes in specific cells of the body but not reproductive cells, so the changes are not inherited. Germline gene therapy modifies sperm, eggs or embryos so changes are inherited, but this raises ethical issues. Xenotransplantation transplants animal organs like pig hearts into humans but organs are rejected, so gene therapy modifies pigs' organs to reduce rejection.
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) is a group of viruses that selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells, while leaving the normal tissue uninfected. OVs provide a diverse platform for immunotherapy; they act as in situ vaccines, and can be armed with immuno-modulatory transgenes or combined with other immunotherapies, such as immune-checkpoint inhibitor.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/introduction-and-mechanism-of-oncolytic-virus-therapy.htm
The strategy implementation of immunotherapeutic for the treatment of cancer has gained prominence over the past decade. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are viral strains that can infect and kill malignant cells without harming normal cells, while simultaneously stimulating the immune system and creating antitumor immunity.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/oncolytic-virotherapy-development-for-combination-therapy-with-cancer-immunotherapy.htm
Creative Biolabs provides a broad range of oncolytic virus engineering scope including Adenovirus, Herpes Simplex Virus, Measles Virus, Vaccinia Virus, etc.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/oncolytic-virus-construction.htm
Ready-to-use Pre-Made Oncolytic Virus Product.pdfCandy Swift
Creative Biolabs has built a state-of-the-art oncolytic virus engineering platform which provides a series of purified pre-made oncolytic virus for reporter-encoding, cytokine-expressing, immune checkpoint antibody-arming, capsid-modifing and miRNA-expression.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/pre-made-oncolytic-virus.htm
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) provide a diverse platform for immunotherapy; they act as in situ vaccines, and can be armed with immuno-modulatory transgenes or combined with other immunotherapie. Taking advantage of the OncoVirapy™ platform, Creative Biolabs provides high-quality oncolytic virus therapy development services for clients globally.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/oncolytic-virotherapy-development-for-combination-therapy-with-cancer-immunotherapy.htm
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) is a group of viruses that selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells, while leaving the normal tissue uninfected. In addition to direct oncolysis activity, OVs are also very effective at inducing immune responses against tumor cells.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/
A SLIGHT SUMMARY OF THE HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS samaseh132
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the virus that causes warts and is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. There are over 100 types of HPV, with some high-risk types causing cervical cancer and other cancers. HPV is spread through sexual contact and can cause genital warts or cervical dysplasia. While there is no cure for HPV infection, vaccination and treatment of symptoms can help prevent cancers caused by high-risk strains.
Oncolytic virotherapy uses viruses that selectively infect and kill cancer cells. Viruses are engineered to target features of cancer cells like overexpression of certain receptors. The viruses infect and replicate within cancer cells, causing them to lyse and release new virus particles to infect neighboring cancer cells. This repeats to destroy the tumor. Additionally, the viral infection stimulates anti-tumor immune responses. Oncolytic viruses show potential as a cancer therapy but challenges remain around the immune system clearing viruses too quickly and risks of new viral strains emerging.
This document discusses cancer vaccines as a novel approach to treating and preventing cancer. It defines cancer vaccines and explains the different types, including dendritic cell vaccines, antigen vaccines, tumor cell vaccines, DNA vaccines, and anti-idiotype vaccines. Several examples of cancer vaccines currently in clinical trials are provided, such as OncoVAX for colon cancer and Provenge for prostate cancer. While progress has been made, more research is still needed before cancer vaccines can be widely used in clinical settings.
In this webinar:
Dr. Michele Ardolino, Assistant Professor at the University of Ottawa, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology and Scientist Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, discusses: The body has a phenomenal weapon to fight infections and cancer: the immune system. This seminar focuses on how the immune system recognizes and shapes cancer and on how research in tumor immunology led to the development of life-saving and revolutionizing immuno-therapies.
The webinar is followed by a question & answer session.
View the video:
https://youtu.be/-a7DfHT8dU8
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This document discusses carcinogenesis, or the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. It covers the molecular mechanisms of cancer development, including genetic mutations caused by chemical carcinogens, radiation, viruses, and other factors. The key stages of cancer development are initiation, promotion, and progression. Cancer results from the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations that cause cells to proliferate uncontrollably and evade growth suppression mechanisms. Understanding carcinogenesis can help improve early detection and prevention of cancer.
This document discusses cancer immunology and immunotherapy. It defines tumor antigens that can be recognized by the immune system, including tumor-specific antigens unique to cancer cells and tumor-associated antigens normally expressed on fetal cells. The immune response to tumors is mainly mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages. Cancer immunotherapy aims to activate the patient's own immune system to fight tumors, using approaches like cytokine therapy, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, monoclonal antibodies, and cancer vaccines.
oncogenic viruses by dr rahul acharya.pptxrahulacharya52
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), human papillomaviruses (HPVs), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)) and Merkel cell polyomavirus
The document discusses various topics related to viral infections and treatments. It begins by defining some key terminology used to describe antiviral drugs. It then provides examples of common viral infections like influenza and the common cold. It discusses the lifecycle of viruses and how they infect cells. The document outlines prevention and treatment strategies for influenza. It also lists some other common viral infections and names of antiviral drugs used to treat various conditions. It provides statistics on HIV/AIDS cases in the US and discusses the stages of HIV disease. It maps out the classes of antiretroviral drugs and potential side effects of treatment. Lastly, it stresses the importance of healthy lifestyle behaviors for managing chronic viral conditions long-term.
This document discusses adenoviral cloning vectors. It begins by defining a cloning vector as a small piece of DNA that can be stably maintained in an organism and have foreign DNA inserted into it for cloning purposes. It then discusses viral vectors, noting that they are commonly used to deliver genetic material into cells through transduction. The document focuses on properties of viral vectors, specifically safety features and targeting abilities. It provides details on adenoviruses, noting they can efficiently transfer genes, their structure, applications in gene therapy and vaccination, and their DNA genome capacity. Adeno-associated viruses are also mentioned as attractive for gene therapy due to mild immune response.
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) is a group of viruses that selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells, while leaving the normal tissue uninfected. OVs provide a diverse platform for immunotherapy; they act as in situ vaccines, and can be armed with immuno-modulatory transgenes or combined with other immunotherapies, such as immune-checkpoint inhibitor, engineered T cell, bi-specific antibody or chemotherapies.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/oncolytic-virus-therapy-development.htm
This document summarizes research on the use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) as a vector for gene therapy. AAV is a promising delivery method due to its low immunogenicity, ability to target specific cell types, and lack of pathogenicity. The document discusses how AAV is being used experimentally to treat diseases like cystic fibrosis, cancer, and heart disease by delivering therapeutic genes. While challenges remain, AAV vectors appear safer than other methods and have the potential to treat many currently incurable diseases.
Aa Vin The Treatment Of Human DiseasesReginaDGates
This document discusses the use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) as a vector for gene therapy. AAV is a promising delivery method due to its low immunogenicity, ability to target specific cell types, and lack of pathogenicity. The document focuses on how AAV may be used as a therapy for cystic fibrosis, cancer, and heart disease. It summarizes challenges with AAV therapy but concludes that AAV vectors appear to be among the safest methodologies for further developing therapies for many currently incurable diseases.
Similar to Oncolyticvirustherapy 100128015237-phpapp01 (20)
2. Oncolytic Viral TherapyOncolytic Viral Therapy
Definition:Definition:
““Onco-” = cancerOnco-” = cancer
““-lytic” = killing-lytic” = killing
Viral = using virusViral = using virus
Therapy = for treatmentTherapy = for treatment
3. Onco = CancerOnco = Cancer
Cancer is……Cancer is……
Unusual cellUnusual cell
growthgrowth
Caused byCaused by
genetic mutationgenetic mutation
Usually in formUsually in form
of tumorof tumor
4. Onco = CancerOnco = Cancer
Cancer ……Cancer ……
Unusual cell growthUnusual cell growth
Caused by genetic mutationCaused by genetic mutation
Usually in form of tumorUsually in form of tumor
Blocks immuneBlocks immune
system withsystem with
proteinsproteins
TakesTakes
resources fromresources from
healthy cellshealthy cells
5. Onco = CancerOnco = Cancer
Cancer ……Cancer ……
Unusual cell growthUnusual cell growth
Caused by geneticCaused by genetic
mutationmutation
Usually in form of tumorUsually in form of tumor
Blocks immune systemBlocks immune system
with proteinswith proteins
Takes resources fromTakes resources from
healthy cellshealthy cells
Can occur inCan occur in
almost anyalmost any
tissuetissue
6. Cancer TreatmentsCancer Treatments
SurgerySurgery
Remove tumorRemove tumor
Success only if all of tumor is removed, butSuccess only if all of tumor is removed, but
many cancers metastasize (break andmany cancers metastasize (break and
spread) or have irregular shapes difficult tospread) or have irregular shapes difficult to
removeremove
Risk associated with any invasive surgeryRisk associated with any invasive surgery
7. Cancer TreatmentsCancer Treatments
ChemotherapyChemotherapy
Use of toxic drugs to kill the cancerUse of toxic drugs to kill the cancer
Often severe side effects because it also killsOften severe side effects because it also kills
some healthy cellssome healthy cells
Fairly effective but side effects significantFairly effective but side effects significant
(nausea, fatigue, immune weakness)(nausea, fatigue, immune weakness)
8. Cancer TreatmentsCancer Treatments
RadiationRadiation
Radiation aimed at tumor to kill the tumorRadiation aimed at tumor to kill the tumor
cellscells
Side effects severe, significant damage toSide effects severe, significant damage to
surrounding tissuesurrounding tissue
Fairly effective in reducing tumorFairly effective in reducing tumor
9. Cancer TreatmentsCancer Treatments
NanotechnologyNanotechnology
Use carbon or other molecule to carry drug orUse carbon or other molecule to carry drug or
radiation to the tumorradiation to the tumor
Use shells of cells to carry drugsUse shells of cells to carry drugs
Attach drugs to molecules that can fit throughAttach drugs to molecules that can fit through
wide cancer blood vessel walls that healthywide cancer blood vessel walls that healthy
cells don’t havecells don’t have
Magnetically draw device to tumorMagnetically draw device to tumor
Carry marker for tumor to monitor progressCarry marker for tumor to monitor progress
10. Cancer TreatmentsCancer Treatments
Genetic TherapyGenetic Therapy
Use nanotechnology to re-program cancerUse nanotechnology to re-program cancer
cells’ DNA to make them die young.cells’ DNA to make them die young.
11. Cancer TreatmentsCancer Treatments
Oncolytic Viral TherapyOncolytic Viral Therapy
Genetically modifying a virus so that it killsGenetically modifying a virus so that it kills
cancer cells instead of healthy cellscancer cells instead of healthy cells
12. Virus: DescriptionVirus: Description
Protein shell with DNA insideProtein shell with DNA inside
Requires a host cell to reproduceRequires a host cell to reproduce
13. Virus: DescriptionVirus: Description
Requires a host cell to reproduceRequires a host cell to reproduce
Protein shell with DNA insideProtein shell with DNA inside
Disease causing agent for diseases likeDisease causing agent for diseases like
measles, herpes, varicella (chicken pox),measles, herpes, varicella (chicken pox),
smallpox, HIV, adeno virus (common cold),smallpox, HIV, adeno virus (common cold),
influenza, rabies, and many othersinfluenza, rabies, and many others
Unlike bacteria, there are no beneficialUnlike bacteria, there are no beneficial
viruses (always kills its host)viruses (always kills its host)
14. Virus: StructureVirus: Structure
Protein shell called aProtein shell called a
capsid contains DNAcapsid contains DNA
Arrangement of oneArrangement of one
or more protein fibersor more protein fibers
or spikes for bondingor spikes for bonding
with host cellwith host cell
22. Virus: ReproductionVirus: Reproduction
Once attached, it pushes its DNA inside the cell,Once attached, it pushes its DNA inside the cell,
Uses the cell’s DNA as buildingUses the cell’s DNA as building blocksblocks for its newfor its new
DNADNA
New virus breaks through cell wallNew virus breaks through cell wall
24. Oncolytic Viral Therapy: MethodOncolytic Viral Therapy: Method
Choose a resilient virus that is successfulChoose a resilient virus that is successful
in human bodyin human body
MeaslesMeasles
HerpesHerpes
Adeno virus (common cold)Adeno virus (common cold)
Influenza virusInfluenza virus
SmallpoxSmallpox
25. Oncolytic Viral Therapy: MethodOncolytic Viral Therapy: Method
Choose a resilient virus that is successfulChoose a resilient virus that is successful
in the human bodyin the human body
Splice DNA into virus DNA that codes forSplice DNA into virus DNA that codes for
a protein that bonds well and is attracteda protein that bonds well and is attracted
to tumor’s proteinto tumor’s protein
26. Oncolytic Viral Therapy: MethodOncolytic Viral Therapy: Method
Choose a resilient virus that is successfulChoose a resilient virus that is successful
in the human bodyin the human body
Splice DNA into virus DNA that codes forSplice DNA into virus DNA that codes for
a protein that bonds well and is attracteda protein that bonds well and is attracted
to tumor’s proteinto tumor’s protein
Inject the modified viruses into tumor siteInject the modified viruses into tumor site
27. Oncolytic Viral Therapy: MethodOncolytic Viral Therapy: Method
Choose a resilient virus that is successful in theChoose a resilient virus that is successful in the
human bodyhuman body
Splice DNA into virus DNA that codes for aSplice DNA into virus DNA that codes for a
protein that bonds well and is attracted toprotein that bonds well and is attracted to
tumor’s proteintumor’s protein
Inject the modified viruses into tumor siteInject the modified viruses into tumor site
Used alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy,Used alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy,
radiation, surgery, and nanotechnologyradiation, surgery, and nanotechnology
28. Oncolytic Viral Therapy:Oncolytic Viral Therapy:
ChallengesChallenges
Genetic modification to match specificGenetic modification to match specific
cancercancer
Main challenge is patient’s own immuneMain challenge is patient’s own immune
system killing the virus before the virussystem killing the virus before the virus
can kill the cancer.can kill the cancer.
29. Oncolytic Viral Therapy:Oncolytic Viral Therapy:
ChallengesChallenges
Genetic modification to match specific cancerGenetic modification to match specific cancer
Main challenge is patient’s own immune systemMain challenge is patient’s own immune system
killing the virus before the virus can kill thekilling the virus before the virus can kill the
cancer.cancer.
SolutionsSolutions
Fast acting virusFast acting virus
Protection from immune systemProtection from immune system
Protection of virus on the virusProtection of virus on the virus
Block immune systemBlock immune system
30. Oncolytic Viral Therapy: TimelineOncolytic Viral Therapy: Timeline
1970’s Mayo Clinic noted that measles1970’s Mayo Clinic noted that measles
patients with cancer experienced tumorpatients with cancer experienced tumor
reductionreduction
1980’s research proposals1980’s research proposals
Human genome project, other geneticHuman genome project, other genetic
researchresearch
2005 first clinical trials of oncolytic viral2005 first clinical trials of oncolytic viral
therapytherapy
31. Oncolytic Viral Therapy: TrialsOncolytic Viral Therapy: Trials
Measles VirusMeasles Virus
Most successful trialMost successful trial
Brain cancer –highBrain cancer –high
success rate (Mayosuccess rate (Mayo
Clinic)Clinic)
Multiple myelomaMultiple myeloma
--previously incurable--previously incurable
bone cancer (Mayobone cancer (Mayo
Clinic)Clinic)
32. Oncolytic Viral Therapy: TrialsOncolytic Viral Therapy: Trials
Seneca ValleySeneca Valley
VirusVirus
Developed byDeveloped by
NeoptrixNeoptrix
Successful atSuccessful at
destroying smalldestroying small
cell lung cancercell lung cancer
33. Oncolytic Viral Therapy: TrialsOncolytic Viral Therapy: Trials
Adeno Virus (coldAdeno Virus (cold
virus)virus)
Designed to kill cellsDesigned to kill cells
with common mutationwith common mutation
of colon cancerof colon cancer
(unidentified research(unidentified research
group)group)
Successful withSuccessful with
breast, liver, skinbreast, liver, skin
cancers (University ofcancers (University of
Birmingham)Birmingham)
34. Oncolytic Viral Therapy: TrialsOncolytic Viral Therapy: Trials
Herpes VirusHerpes Virus
Variety of tumorsVariety of tumors
(Baylor University in(Baylor University in
San Diego withSan Diego with
Immusol in China)Immusol in China)
50% success rate with50% success rate with
pancreatic cancerpancreatic cancer
previously a nearlypreviously a nearly
untreatable canceruntreatable cancer
(Nagoya University,(Nagoya University,
Japan)Japan)
35. Oncolytic Viral Therapy:Oncolytic Viral Therapy:
Specialized TrialsSpecialized Trials
Measles VirusMeasles Virus
FusogenicFusogenic
MembraneMembrane
GlycoproteinsGlycoproteins
(FMG)(FMG)
Causes cancerCauses cancer
cells to fuse withcells to fuse with
each other and dieeach other and die
(Mayo Clinic)(Mayo Clinic)
36. Oncolytic Viral Therapy:Oncolytic Viral Therapy:
SpecializedTrialsSpecializedTrials
Intravenous VS VirusIntravenous VS Virus
First trial of intravenous oncolytic viralFirst trial of intravenous oncolytic viral
therapy(others used injection at tumor site)therapy(others used injection at tumor site)
Potential to “chase down” metastasized cellsPotential to “chase down” metastasized cells
(University of Calgary)(University of Calgary)
37. Oncolytic Viral Therapy:Oncolytic Viral Therapy:
Specialized TrialsSpecialized Trials
Polymer-coated Adeno VirusPolymer-coated Adeno Virus
Protects the oncolytic virus from patientProtects the oncolytic virus from patient
immune systemimmune system
(Oxford University)(Oxford University)
38. Oncolytic Viral Therapy:Oncolytic Viral Therapy:
Specialized TrialsSpecialized Trials
Polymer-coated Adeno VirusPolymer-coated Adeno Virus
Protects the oncolytic virus from patientProtects the oncolytic virus from patient
immune systemimmune system
(Oxford University)(Oxford University)
Heating bone cancer to fever temperatureHeating bone cancer to fever temperature
Stops production of protective proteinStops production of protective protein
Oncolytic virus has higher success rateOncolytic virus has higher success rate
(University of Southern California, San(University of Southern California, San
Francisco)Francisco)
39. Oncolytic Viral Therapy:Oncolytic Viral Therapy:
Specialized TrialsSpecialized Trials
Smallpox virusSmallpox virus
modified to kill cancermodified to kill cancer
cells and alsocells and also
stimulate productionstimulate production
of white blood cellsof white blood cells
which weaken cancerwhich weaken cancer
(Stanford University)(Stanford University)
40. Oncolytic Viral Therapy:Oncolytic Viral Therapy:
Benefits and Hope for the FutureBenefits and Hope for the Future
Fewer side effects than other treatmentsFewer side effects than other treatments
41. Oncolytic Viral Therapy:Oncolytic Viral Therapy:
Benefits and Hope for the FutureBenefits and Hope for the Future
Fewer side effects than other treatmentsFewer side effects than other treatments
Fewer treatments requiredFewer treatments required
The virus increases and continues “dosage”The virus increases and continues “dosage”
because it replicates itselfbecause it replicates itself
42. Oncolytic Viral Therapy:Oncolytic Viral Therapy:
Benefits and Hope for the FutureBenefits and Hope for the Future
Fewer side effects than other treatmentsFewer side effects than other treatments
Fewer treatments requiredThe virusFewer treatments requiredThe virus
increases and continues “dosage”increases and continues “dosage”
because it replicates itselfbecause it replicates itself
Treating previously incurable cancersTreating previously incurable cancers
43. Oncolytic Viral Therapy:Oncolytic Viral Therapy:
Benefits and Hope for the FutureBenefits and Hope for the Future
Fewer side effects than other treatmentsFewer side effects than other treatments
Fewer treatments requiredFewer treatments required
The virus increases and continues “dosage”The virus increases and continues “dosage”
because it replicates itselfbecause it replicates itself
Treating previously incurable cancersTreating previously incurable cancers
Greater success rate, survival rateGreater success rate, survival rate
44.
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50. PresentationPresentation
Presented April 17, 2008Presented April 17, 2008
Katherine SawyerKatherine Sawyer
Biology 103Biology 103
Washtenaw Community CollegeWashtenaw Community College
(Ann Arbor, Michigan)(Ann Arbor, Michigan)
Prof. Ross StrayerProf. Ross Strayer