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Racial Communication Strategies in the
“Olympiazeitung” during the 1936 Berlin Olympics
Constructing “the other’
At night under the
village trees.
Conversation and --
conversation!
Early morning
when the
roosters crow
[In Bavarian dialect:] ”And I had thought
we are the only ones who have a
character.”
That’s how the Brazilian coffee
was supposedly rowed over.
Our
cartoonist
illustrates
here the fact
that Avery
Brundage
could unite all
of his athletes
under one
hat.
The autograph hunter: “So, which one is Owens?”
Nightly spook in the
Olympic Village
“One can’t think of a more beautiful
connection: the different groups who
each represent their ethnicity, the
particularities of their country in dress,
music, and dance - and the Arbeitsdienst
[work service], today still a German
institution, in the future maybe a great
common one, which will be part of every
people and therefore the basis for a
healthy coexistence of all people.”
Relativizing the records
“Was that Rosemeyer?”
No – Jesse Owens!”
3. August 1936, 16:55 – before the start to the 100m dash, the commentator
of the new German Reich Television:
„There they scuttle like thoroughbred horses. Two blacks
against four whites. Europe against the USA. The battle
begins.”
“’Why are you, why are the Negroes so
quick, Mr. Owens?’ But he avoided and
answer. That’s when we told him that one
of our greatest experts, the German Reich
sport teacher Waitzer answered this
question as follows: ‘American scientists
trace the significant superiority of the
Negro in running to the more favorable
anatomic built of their body. They found
that Negroes have a more pronounced
down tilt between pelvis and tight, which
allows for more effective muscle work
while running. This more favorable
construction supposedly results in a 8-
10cm longer step with the same amount of
strength. This is biologically justified.
“Mister Owens – 10.2 seconds is an overly high
speed!”
”Sorry - - but my breaks don’t work very well!”
Japanese are starting artists – Jesse Owens IS the
miracle runner
Owens in Nurmi’s
path
The jubilation was lastly so
great because the masses
were, at the same time,
elated by the fabulous
Italian Cerati who
supremely won the run over
5000 meters.
If Jesse Owens would start in the swimming
competitions
In the Olympic village. I
can really recommend
this sunblock.
Knocking black athletes down the evolutionary ladder
“Johnson’s jump over 2.03 meters … was like the jump of a panther. ..When we
compare Johnson with a panther, then in a deeper sense. … This animal-like,
panther-like perfection shows when he runs and rises in the air. But it also, and
that’s most important, in all he does otherwise. One only has to observe him on
Sunday when he is resting. … That’s how the beautiful predator looks after its
hunt. … This ability to dedicate oneself completely into the running or the resting
is something the Negro has because he is closer to the natural state than the white
man. It creates the indescribable something beyond technique that leads to
victory.
The development of the human kind goes undeniably from sensing to knowing,
from instinct to technique. In the beginning, the animal shows itself superior, we
are talking of physical technique here, but slowly the human advances. He
researches, he learns, he knows, he discovers connections, he thinks, … he creates
a technique and improves it constantly, and with each new discovery he comes a
little step closer to the distant ideal of divinity. …
That’s why the opportunities of the white race, which is mainly the bearer of
knowledge, not the intellectual school knowledge, but the conscious life, are vast.
And that’s why the colored men, against some pessimistic prophecies, will never
have a chance in the world, at least not as far as they live by their instinct. …
Johnson comes from an intellectual era that we have left behind us forever. … His
spirit lives in his blood and he, therefore, still in the state of paradise.”
Yes, sir – this
be the little
oak branches
from
Germany, who
I have
received at
Olympics in
Börlin.
“At the end – autograph exchange”
“Please, would you sell me bus as
little souvenir of Germany,
Börlin!?”
 “I'm afraid the Nazis have succeeded with their
propaganda. First, the Nazis have run the Games on a
lavish scale never before experienced, and this has
appealed to the athletes. Second, the Nazis have put up
a very good front for the general visitors, especially the
big businessmen.”
Foreign correspondent William Shirer in his diary, Berlin, August 16, 1936
Godfrey Brown (GB, Silver 400m):
“The fact is that some of us went to Berlin with the
mistaken idea – that we were going to watch or take part
in a sports meeting. Instead, we were treated to a piece
of political propaganda […] On the last day we were
inflicted with the sight of thousands of gross, flabby
Germans, so-called Hitler Youth, clad in nothing but
shorts and performing ridiculous evolutions on the
grass. We cried, “Sweep on, you fat and greasy citizens,”
and made a dash for the first train home.”

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Olympiazeitung

  • 1. Racial Communication Strategies in the “Olympiazeitung” during the 1936 Berlin Olympics
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 8. At night under the village trees. Conversation and -- conversation! Early morning when the roosters crow
  • 9. [In Bavarian dialect:] ”And I had thought we are the only ones who have a character.” That’s how the Brazilian coffee was supposedly rowed over.
  • 10.
  • 11. Our cartoonist illustrates here the fact that Avery Brundage could unite all of his athletes under one hat.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. The autograph hunter: “So, which one is Owens?” Nightly spook in the Olympic Village
  • 20.
  • 21. “One can’t think of a more beautiful connection: the different groups who each represent their ethnicity, the particularities of their country in dress, music, and dance - and the Arbeitsdienst [work service], today still a German institution, in the future maybe a great common one, which will be part of every people and therefore the basis for a healthy coexistence of all people.”
  • 23. “Was that Rosemeyer?” No – Jesse Owens!”
  • 24. 3. August 1936, 16:55 – before the start to the 100m dash, the commentator of the new German Reich Television: „There they scuttle like thoroughbred horses. Two blacks against four whites. Europe against the USA. The battle begins.”
  • 25.
  • 26. “’Why are you, why are the Negroes so quick, Mr. Owens?’ But he avoided and answer. That’s when we told him that one of our greatest experts, the German Reich sport teacher Waitzer answered this question as follows: ‘American scientists trace the significant superiority of the Negro in running to the more favorable anatomic built of their body. They found that Negroes have a more pronounced down tilt between pelvis and tight, which allows for more effective muscle work while running. This more favorable construction supposedly results in a 8- 10cm longer step with the same amount of strength. This is biologically justified.
  • 27. “Mister Owens – 10.2 seconds is an overly high speed!” ”Sorry - - but my breaks don’t work very well!” Japanese are starting artists – Jesse Owens IS the miracle runner
  • 29. The jubilation was lastly so great because the masses were, at the same time, elated by the fabulous Italian Cerati who supremely won the run over 5000 meters.
  • 30. If Jesse Owens would start in the swimming competitions In the Olympic village. I can really recommend this sunblock.
  • 31. Knocking black athletes down the evolutionary ladder
  • 32.
  • 33. “Johnson’s jump over 2.03 meters … was like the jump of a panther. ..When we compare Johnson with a panther, then in a deeper sense. … This animal-like, panther-like perfection shows when he runs and rises in the air. But it also, and that’s most important, in all he does otherwise. One only has to observe him on Sunday when he is resting. … That’s how the beautiful predator looks after its hunt. … This ability to dedicate oneself completely into the running or the resting is something the Negro has because he is closer to the natural state than the white man. It creates the indescribable something beyond technique that leads to victory. The development of the human kind goes undeniably from sensing to knowing, from instinct to technique. In the beginning, the animal shows itself superior, we are talking of physical technique here, but slowly the human advances. He researches, he learns, he knows, he discovers connections, he thinks, … he creates a technique and improves it constantly, and with each new discovery he comes a little step closer to the distant ideal of divinity. … That’s why the opportunities of the white race, which is mainly the bearer of knowledge, not the intellectual school knowledge, but the conscious life, are vast. And that’s why the colored men, against some pessimistic prophecies, will never have a chance in the world, at least not as far as they live by their instinct. … Johnson comes from an intellectual era that we have left behind us forever. … His spirit lives in his blood and he, therefore, still in the state of paradise.”
  • 34.
  • 35. Yes, sir – this be the little oak branches from Germany, who I have received at Olympics in Börlin.
  • 36. “At the end – autograph exchange”
  • 37. “Please, would you sell me bus as little souvenir of Germany, Börlin!?”
  • 38.
  • 39.  “I'm afraid the Nazis have succeeded with their propaganda. First, the Nazis have run the Games on a lavish scale never before experienced, and this has appealed to the athletes. Second, the Nazis have put up a very good front for the general visitors, especially the big businessmen.” Foreign correspondent William Shirer in his diary, Berlin, August 16, 1936
  • 40. Godfrey Brown (GB, Silver 400m): “The fact is that some of us went to Berlin with the mistaken idea – that we were going to watch or take part in a sports meeting. Instead, we were treated to a piece of political propaganda […] On the last day we were inflicted with the sight of thousands of gross, flabby Germans, so-called Hitler Youth, clad in nothing but shorts and performing ridiculous evolutions on the grass. We cried, “Sweep on, you fat and greasy citizens,” and made a dash for the first train home.”

Editor's Notes

  1. https://www.ushmm.org/exhibition/olympics/?content=boycott&lang=en
  2. # 5, p. 79
  3. 141, 165
  4. #5, S. 75
  5. #6, S. 112
  6. p. 93 Olympic sports knows no borders, images of German athletes only. Slightly lower point of view and stylized images freeze seconds for eternity
  7. https://www.ushmm.org/exhibition/olympics/?content=aa_athletes&lang=en
  8. https://www.ushmm.org/exhibition/olympics/?content=aa_athletes&lang=en
  9. https://www.ushmm.org/exhibition/olympics/?content=aa_athletes&lang=en
  10. https://www.ushmm.org/exhibition/olympics/?content=aa_athletes&lang=en
  11. Sydney Cavill (Australia) and David Armbruster (USA)
  12. #6, S. 99
  13. Emmerich (2015) „Da trippeln sie wie Vollblutpferde. Zwei Schwarze gegen vier Weiße. Europa gegen die USA. Der Kampf beginnt.“
  14. Over-emphasis on Japanese starting technique, Owens only mentioned in passing [?] Over-emphasis of supposedly black attributes (eyes, mouth, palms)
  15. To relativize Owens success in the short distances, Schoedel tries to compare him to the [Finnish = Nordic] long-distance runner Paavo Nurmi. Tries to show superiority of the nordic/Germanic/Arian race: “Nordland’s superiority of the long distance is undisputed.”
  16. Guy Walters, Berlin Games, p. 166
  17. p.238 Article by Manfred Hausmann (German writer, journalist, preacher)
  18. Despite the ns ideology, the Olympic idea did materialize in countless interactions among athletes, the most famous one the one between Jesse Owens and Luz Long. Unfortunately, it was also used for propagandistic purposes.
  19. https://www.ushmm.org/exhibition/olympics/?content=aftermath&lang=en
  20. Quoted in Guy Walters. Berlin Games. P. 301