Todd Browning produced the 1931 film Dracula for Universal Studios on a budget of $355,000, which was considered expensive for the time. The black and white film utilized sets from Phantom of the Opera and lacked special effects, instead relying on techniques like zooms to scare audiences unfamiliar with the technology. Dracula was distributed solely through theaters and found success without extensive marketing due to cinema's popularity, showing on 35mm reels with a controversial scream cut for some cinema showings.