Occupational diseases result from conditions of a person's work or occupation. They include diseases from exposure to toxic substances like lead, asbestos, mercury and chemicals that can cause immediate, gradual or delayed reactions in the body. Common occupational diseases are anthrax, silicosis, asbestosis, byssinosis, radiation poisoning and skin cancer. Prevention involves identifying workplace hazards, using protective equipment, monitoring health, and removing hazardous materials. Protective measures include regular health checkups, adequate treatment, compensation, and strictly following factory laws.

1. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
&
THEIR PREVENTION

2. What is Health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being and not merely an absence of diseases or,
infirmity. (WHO)

3.  Dimension of Health:
a) Physical Dimension: It refers to the bodily aspect of health. It refers
to the more traditional definition of health as the absence of
disease and injury.
b) Mental Dimension: It refers to the cognitive aspect of health i.e the
function of brain.
c) Emotional Dimension: It refers to the person’s mood that are
connected to their hormones.
d) Social Dimension: it refers to people ability to maintain meaningful
relationships with others.

4. e) Spiritual Dimension: It relates to our sense of overall purpose in life.
And people often find this purpose from a belief or, faith system.
 CHANGING CONCEPT OF HEALTH
a) Bio-Medical concept: Absence of disease is health.
b) Ecological concept: Dynamic equilibrium between man &
environment.
c) Psychological concept: Health is influenced by social, cultural,
economical, and political factors.
d) Holistic concept: Synthesis of all above concept.

5.  Occupational Disease:
Any disease resulting from the conditions of a person’s work, trade
or, occupation is called occupational disease.
 The principle of international occupational health & safety
policies are –
1) Avoidance of hazard (primary prevention)
2) Use of safe technology
3) Optimum working condition
4) Integration of production & safety-health activities

6. 5. Cooperation & collaboration on an equal basis by employers and
workers
6. Continuous follow-up and development of occupational safety &
health

7.  Some Occupational Diseases:
NAME OF DISEASES CAUSES
• Anthrax Handling of wool, hair, animal carcass.
• Lead tetra-ethyl
Poisoning
Any process involving the use of lead tetra ethyl.
• Nitrous fumes Any process involving exposure to nitrous fumes.
• Silicosis By inhalation of dust containing silica.
• Pneumoconiosis Any employment in coal mining
• Asbestosis From fiber of cements materials or, asbestos of
mill board.
• Bagassosis In the production of bagasse mill board

8. NAME OF DISEASES CAUSES
• Byssinosis In the cotton-rooms, blowing-rooms in spinning
mill
• Fibrosis Arise from jute and cotton fibers
• Radiation Interact with radioactive chemicals and toxic
byproduct of the nuclear industry
• Phosphorous
poisoning
Interact with Phosphorous
• Mercury
poisoning
Interact with mercury as byproduct
• Skin cancer Handling toxic chemicals
• Arsenic
poisoning
Interact with Arsenic

9. • Workplace health hazards can cause three kinds of reactions in the
body:
a) Immediate or acute reactions: They (like shortness of breath or,
nausea etc.) can be caused by one-time event(example: a chemical
spill). These reactions are not permanent.
b) Gradual reactions: They (like asthma or dermatitis) can get worse and
persist when someone is exposed over days, weeks or, months.
These reaction tend to last for a longer time,
c) Delayed reactions: They (like lung cancer or, loss of hearing) can be
caused by long-term exposure to a substance or, work activity. These
reactions can be noticed long after the job is over.

10. Avoiding Occupational diseases:
a) Find out what materials and substances are being used at your
workplace.
b) Find out how to work safety around materials and equipment in your
workplace.
c) Use protective equipment.
d) Be alert to symptoms or changes in your health

11. Protection against Occupational Diseases:
 Preventive Measure:
• Pre-employment medical examination
• Periodic post-employment medical examination
• Removal of hazardous materials/process wherever possible
• Surveillance of employees exposed to health hazards.
• Availability of first-aid treatment
• Training on first-aid treatment
• Education of worker health and hygiene
• Proper factory layout
• Proper design of factory buildings
• Proper ETP setup
• Design of work places and tools based on Ergonomics
• Proper redesign of job to remove fatigue
• Proper scheduling the works with adequate rest.

12. Protection against Occupational Diseases:
 Curative Measure:
• Adequate medical treatment
• Allowing adequate period or recovering
• Adequate compensation
• Provision of best medical treatment from outside hospitals/clinics.
 Legislative Measure:
• Factory laws should be strictly followed.

13. Thanks