The document discusses exemptions from fasting during Ramadan. It covers three main exemptions: sickness, travel, and pregnancy/breastfeeding. For sickness, fasting is not required if it would aggravate or prolong the illness. Old age is also discussed, where those too weak to fast can feed the poor instead. The document emphasizes using medical opinion and individual experience to determine if fasting is advisable based on principles of not harming one's health or delaying recovery.

1. “The Principles of
Fasting Ramadan ”
Presented by :
Dr Mufti Muhammad Wasie Butt
Founding Member –Islamic Medical Learners Association
Shariah Advisory Board Member-Peshawar Medical College
wasiefasih@hotmail.com

2. Aims of Session
1
Virtues of Fast
2
Exemptions
from Fasting
3
Obligation of
Fasting

3. 1. Virtues of
Fasting in
Ramadan

4. What Should Be My Approach?
I Should Fast I May Fast

6. Virtues of Fasting

7. Virtues of Fasting

8. Threat For Missing Obligatory Fast
•
ِ َ
‫اّلل‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ ،َ‫ة‬َ‫ْر‬‫ي‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬
‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬
"
َ‫غ‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ض‬َ‫م‬َ‫ر‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ر‬َ‫ط‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ص‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ر‬ ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ص‬ْ‫خ‬ُ‫ر‬ ِ
‫ْر‬‫ي‬
ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ ُ َ
‫ّلل‬
ِ
‫ر‬ْ‫ه‬َ‫د‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ ِ
‫ص‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ِ
‫ض‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬َ‫ل‬
"
.
• Narrated AbuHurayrah:
• The Prophet ( ‫)ﷺ‬said: If anyone breaks/misses
his fast one day in Ramadan without a
concession granted to him by Allah, a
perpetual fast will not atone for it. (Sunan Abi Dawud
2396)

9. Threat For Breaking Obligatory Fast
• A saheeh report which warns against not fasting was narrated by Ibn
Khuzaymah (1986) and Ibn Hibbaan (7491) from Abu Umaamah al-
Baahili who said:
• I heard the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) say:
• “Whilst I was sleeping two men came to me and took my by the arm and
brought me to a cragged mountain. They said, ‘Climb up.’ I said, ‘I cannot.’
They said, ‘We will make it easy for you.’ So I climbed up until I was at the
top of the mountain. Then I heard loud voices. I said, ‘What are these
voices?’ They said, ‘This is the howling of the people of Hell.” Then I was
taken until I saw people hanging by their hamstrings, with the sides of
their mouths torn and blood pouring from their mouths.’ I said, ‘Who are
these?’ He said:
َ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ق‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ط‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫ي‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ون‬ُ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ص‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫الء‬ُ‫ؤ‬َ‫ه‬
ِِِْْ‫م‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ص‬ ََِِّّ ََِِ
‘These are people who broke
their fast before it was time.’”

10. 2.
Conditions
for Obligation
of Fasting

11. Obligation of Fasting

12. Conditions for Fasting
Conditions 1- Spiritual and Mental
Qualifications
Muslim
Have Capacity (Aaqil)
To be Mature (Baaligh)
Conditions 2- Physical
Qualifications
Healthy
Resident
Conditions 3- Qualifications
of Purity
Free from
Menstruation
(Haydh) and Post-
natal Bleeding
(Nifaas)

13. 3.
Exemptions

14. Exemptions From Fasting
• 1 – Sickness
• 2 – Travelling
• 3 – Pregnancy and breastfeeding
• 4 – Senility and old age

15. 1.Sickness

16. 1.Sickness
Fasting :
 Would aggravate the sickness.
 Make symptoms worse.
 Recovery would be delayed.
 Would make patient again unwell after being
recovered from sickness.
(
ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ل‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ق‬
:
ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ط‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ
‫ض‬َ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ة‬َ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ ِ‫ز‬ َ‫اف‬َ‫خ‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬
)
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ََ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ق‬ِ‫ل‬
{
َ‫ف‬َ‫س‬ ‫ى‬َََّ‫ع‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ًا‬‫ض‬‫ي‬ ِ
‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ُْْ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫َان‬‫ك‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫ف‬
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫د‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬ ٍ
‫ر‬
َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫أ‬ ٍْ‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬
}
ْ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ك‬َ‫ل‬ ٍ
‫يض‬ ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ُل‬‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬ َ‫ر‬ْ‫ط‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ح‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬َ‫أ‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫ف‬
َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ن‬‫إ‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ط‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ََِّ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫َر‬‫ش‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫ع‬
ِ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َِْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ع‬ْ‫َف‬‫د‬ِ‫ل‬
ُ‫ق‬ُّ‫ق‬ََََِ‫و‬
ِ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ْ‫إف‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫أ‬ ِ‫ء‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫اء‬َ‫ط‬ْ‫ب‬‫إ‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫أ‬ ِ
‫ض‬َ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ة‬َ‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ ِ‫ز‬ِ‫ب‬ ٌ‫ط‬‫و‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َِْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
ٍ‫و‬ْ‫ض‬ُ‫ع‬
(
‫ٔئق‬‫ا‬‫الر‬ ‫البِر‬
)

17. Four principles
Worsening
Physical
Condition
Slower
Recovery
Worsening
Mental Condition
Worsening
Pain

18. To fast or not to fast?
1. Individual
Experience
2. Religious Principles
3. Medical Opinion

19. Patients perspective
The patient may leave fasting if
1. Advised by a reliable pious muslim medical opinion
2. Previous experience of worsening of symptoms
3. Clear and unmistakable signs
َ‫ج‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫ْر‬‫ي‬َ‫غ‬ ُ‫د‬‫ا‬ََِِْ‫ج‬ ِ
‫اال‬َ‫و‬ ِ
‫يض‬ ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫د‬‫ا‬ََِِْ‫اج‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬ َُِ‫ف‬ ِ
‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ َّْ‫ث‬
َ‫ار‬َ‫م‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫َن‬‫ع‬ ٍ‫ن‬َ‫ظ‬ َُِ‫ب‬َََّ‫غ‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫ل‬َ‫ب‬ ِْْ‫ه‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫د‬َّ‫ر‬
ٍ‫ة‬
ْ‫و‬َ‫أ‬ ٍَِ‫ب‬ ِ
‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬ََ ْ‫و‬َ‫أ‬
ِ‫ق‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ
‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ظ‬ ِ‫ْر‬‫ي‬َ‫غ‬ ٍَِّْْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ٍ‫ب‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ط‬ ِ
‫ار‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫خ‬ِ‫إ‬ِ‫ب‬
(
ِ‫الِندي‬ ‫الفَاوى‬
)

20. Patient Will Get The Same Reward

21. Senility and old age
•“And as for those who can fast with difficulty,
they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a
poor person) (for every day)”[al-Baqarah 2:184]
•Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him)
said that this aayah has not been abrogated,
and it applies to old men and old women who
cannot fast, so for each day they should feed
one poor person. ( Sahih al Bukhari)

22. Senility and old age
• Refers to
– one who is old and has lost his strength,
– who is approaching death, so that every day he becomes weaker, until
he dies,
– who is suffering from a terminal or incurable illness and has no hope
of recovery.
ِ
‫خ‬ْ‫ي‬َّ‫ش‬‫ال‬
‫ي‬‫ان‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ال‬
َِ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫و‬
‫ي‬‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬
ِ
َّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬
ِ
‫م‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ي‬
‫ي‬‫ف‬
ِ
‫ص‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫ن‬
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬‫إ‬
ِْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬
َِ‫وت‬ُ‫م‬َ‫ي‬
ِ
ُ‫س‬َ‫و‬
َِ‫ي‬‫م‬
ِ
‫ه‬‫ب‬
‫َّا‬‫م‬‫إ‬
‫؛‬
ِ
ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ِل‬
َِ‫ب‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫ق‬
ِْ‫ن‬‫م‬
ِ
‫اء‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ال‬
ِْ‫و‬َ‫أ‬
‫؛‬
ِ
ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ِل‬
ِْ‫ت‬َ‫ي‬‫ن‬َ‫ف‬
ِ
ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ت‬َّ‫و‬ُ‫ق‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ن‬‫إ‬َ‫و‬
ِ
ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫م‬‫ز‬َ‫ل‬
ِ
‫ار‬َ‫ب‬‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ب‬
ِ
‫ه‬‫ُود‬‫ه‬ُ‫ش‬
ِ
‫ر‬ْ‫ه‬َّ‫ش‬‫ل‬‫ل‬
‫ى‬َّ‫ت‬َ‫ح‬
ِْ‫و‬َ‫ل‬
ِ
َ‫ل‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ت‬
ِ
ْ‫ال‬
ِ
َ‫ة‬َّ‫ق‬َ‫ش‬َ‫م‬
ِ
َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ص‬َ‫و‬
َِ‫َان‬‫ك‬
‫ًا‬‫ي‬‫َد‬‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ن‬‫إ‬َ‫و‬
َِ‫ح‬‫ي‬‫ب‬ُ‫أ‬
ِ
ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬
‫ا‬
ُِ‫ر‬ْ‫ط‬‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬
ِ
‫ل‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ِل‬
ِ
‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ال‬
ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ذ‬ُ‫ع‬َ‫و‬
َِ‫س‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬
ِ
‫ض‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬‫ب‬
ِ
‫ال‬َ‫و‬َّ‫الز‬
‫ى‬َّ‫ت‬َ‫ح‬
َِ‫ار‬َ‫ص‬ُ‫ي‬
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬‫إ‬
ِ
‫اء‬َ‫ض‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ال‬
َِ‫ب‬َ‫ج‬َ‫و‬َ‫ف‬
ِ
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫د‬‫ف‬ْ‫ال‬
ِ
‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬‫ل‬
ِ
‫م‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ي‬
َِ‫ف‬ْ‫ص‬‫ن‬
ِ
‫اع‬َ‫ص‬
ِْ‫ن‬‫م‬
ِ
‫ُر‬‫ب‬
ِ
َ‫أ‬
ِْ‫و‬
ِ
‫يب‬‫ب‬َ‫ز‬
ِْ‫و‬َ‫أ‬
‫ا‬ً‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ص‬
ِْ‫ن‬‫م‬
ِ
‫ْر‬‫م‬َ‫ت‬
ِْ‫و‬َ‫أ‬
ِ
‫ير‬‫َع‬‫ش‬
ِ
‫ة‬َ‫ق‬َ‫د‬َ‫ص‬َ‫ك‬
ِ
‫ر‬ْ‫ط‬‫ف‬ْ‫ال‬
(
‫البحر‬
‫الرائق‬
)

23. Pregnancy and breastfeeding
•
ِ َّ
‫اّلل‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ َ
‫ص‬َّ‫خ‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ ،ٍ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬ ِ
‫س‬َ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫َن‬‫ع‬
ََّْ‫ب‬َُِِّْ‫ل‬ ‫ـ‬ َّْ‫وس‬ ‫عَّيه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صَّى‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ى‬
َِّْ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ر‬ِ‫ط‬ْ‫ف‬َُ ْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬َِِ‫س‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ن‬ ‫ى‬َََّ‫ع‬ ُ‫اف‬َ‫خ‬ََ ‫ي‬ََِّ‫ل‬‫ا‬
َ‫و‬ ‫ى‬َََّ‫ع‬ ُ‫اف‬َ‫خ‬ََ ‫ي‬ََِّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ع‬ ِ
‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬
‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ل‬
.
• It was narrated that Anas bin Malik said:
• “The Messenger of Allah ( ‫ﷺ‬
) granted a concession to
pregnant women who fear for themselves, allowing
them not to fast, and to nursing mothers who fear for
their infants.”(Sunan Ibn Majah)
• One only leaves fasting due to pregnancy or nursing if there is
good reason to fear harm for the mother or baby–based on
experience; or reliable Muslim medical opinion (Ibn Abidin, Radd
al-Muhtar)

24. 4. Travelling
• Permitted to miss the
fast.
• He must make qada of
the missed fast
• it will be preferable to
fast in comfortable
journey
• “Travelling” in this
context is the same as
that of salat.

25. Atonement and expiation?
What is Qadha
Making up for a missed fast of
Ramadan on another day other
than ramadan
What is Fidyah? (atonement)
When someone cannot fast in
Ramadan and can’t make up the
lost days afterwards (for
example, due to chronic severe ill
health or frailty) they should
then pay for a meal or cash equal
to sadqa fitir to a poor
What is Kaffarah? (expiation)
the compensation paid if
deliberately break a fast in the
month of Ramadan without a
valid reason. – fast for 60
consecutive fasts , if not possible,
then feed poor 2 meals for 60
days.

26. Kaffarah for Breaking The Fast

27. • Missing a fast
• Breaking an optional ( nafil)
fast
• Breaking the Ramadan fast
for a valid Shariah reason
Qada
only
• Breaking the obligatory
Ramadan fast without a valid
reason
Kaffarah