This document summarizes the key changes and new features in Rails 3, including major architectural changes to Action Controller, Active Record, and Action Mailer. It discusses the new routing syntax, responders, Active Record query interface, validations without models, custom validators, and Mail replacement for Action Mailer.

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GRUPO DE USUÁRIOS RUBY/RAILS DE PERNAMBUCO
RUBY ON RAILS 3
O que vem de novo por aí...
GUILHERME CARVALHO E LAILSON BANDEIRA

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“No, no another Rails upgrade!”

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Rails 2 + Merb
Anunciado em dezembro de 2008

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Versão 3.0.0.beta1
Versão 3.0.0.beta2
Versão 3.0.0.beta3
Versão 3.0.0.beta4
Funciona em Ruby 1.8.7 e 1.9.2
Versão 3.0.0.rc1
re . N en .
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MAJOR UPGRADE

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Mudanças arquiteturais importantes

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RAILS

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ACTIVE
SUPPORT
ACTIVE ACTION
RECORD PACK
RAILTIES
ACTIVE ACTIVE
MODEL RESOURCE
ACTION
MAILER

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COMMAND INTERFACE

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rails nome_da_app

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rails new nome_da_app

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script/server

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rails server

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rails s

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script/generate controller nome_do_controlador

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rails generate controller nome_do_controlador

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rails g controller nome_do_controlador

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console runner
profiler
dbconsole
destroy
plugin benchmarker

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Gerenciamento de gems com o Bundler

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ROUTING

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Não se usa mais o map!

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ActionController::Routing::Routes.draw do |map|
map.resources :posts
end

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ActionController::Routing::Routes.draw do |map|
resources :posts
end

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Resources e singular resources não
mudaram

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Namespaces e scopes

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map.with_options(:namespace => “admin”) do |a|
a.resources :photos
end

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namespace “admin” do
resources :photos
end

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Scopes foram criados para auxiliar na
organização

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map.resources :photos,
:member => {:preview => :get }

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resources :photos do
get :preview, on: :member
end

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Sai o método connect, entra o match

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rake routes

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RESPONDERS

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class PostsController < ApplicationController
def index
@posts = Post.all
respond_to do |format|
format.html # index.html.erb
format.xml { render :xml => @posts }
end
end
def show
@post = Post.find(params[:id])
respond_to do |format|
format.html # show.html.erb
format.xml { render :xml => @post }
end
end
...
end

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class PostsController < ApplicationController
respond_to :html, :xml, :json
def index
@posts = Post.all
respond_with(@posts)
end
def show
@post = Post.find(params[:id])
respond_with(@post)
end
...
end

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É possível também criar
outros responders

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Three reasons to love Responders
http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2009/8/31/three-reasons-love-responder

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ACTION CONTROLLER

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Gargalo de performance:
roteamento + renderização

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Separação de responsabilidades:
Action Dispatch

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Hierarquia de controladores

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AbstractController::Base
ActionController::Metal
ActionController::Base

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ACTIVE RECORD
QUERY API

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Nova API de consulta
Active Relation

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@posts = Post.find(:all,
! :conditions => ['created_at > ?', date])

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@posts = Post.where(['created_at > ?', date])

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Lazy loading

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@posts = Post.where(['created_at > ?', date])
if only_published?
! @posts = @posts.where(:published => true)
end

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# @posts.all
@posts.each do |p|
! ...
end

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group
from joins
order where
having
includes
limit select
offset

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minimum
maximum
first
all
sum
last
count
average
calculate

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Active Record Query Interface 3
http://m.onkey.org/2010/1/22/active-record-query-interface

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Escopos também foram simplificados

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class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
named_scope :published, :conditions => {:published => true}
named_scope :unpublished, :conditions => {:published => false}
end

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class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
scope :published, where(:published => true)
scope :unpublished, where(:published => false)
end

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VALIDAÇÕES SEM
MODELOS

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Consequência da modularização
Active Model

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class Person
include ActiveModel::Validations
validates_presence_of :first_name, :last_name
attr_accessor :first_name, :last_name
end

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person = Person.new
person.valid? # false
person.errors # {:first_name=>["can't be bl...
p.first_name = 'John'
p.last_name = 'Travolta'
p.valid? # true

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Make Any Ruby Object Feel Like AR
http://yehudakatz.com/2010/01/10/activemodel-make-any-
ruby-object-feel-like-activerecord/

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VALIDADORES
CUSTOMIZADOS

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Agora é possível criar validadores
que podem ser reusados

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Mais um resultado do desacoplamento

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module ActiveModel
module Validations
class CepValidator < EachValidator
FORMATO_CEP = /d{5}-d{3}/
def initialize(options)
super(options)
end
def validate_each(record, attribute, value)
unless valid?(value)
record.errors[attribute] = 'não é válido'
end
end
def valid?(value)
FORMATO_CEP =~ value
end
end
end
end

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require "#{Rails.root}/lib/validadores/cep_validator"
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
validates :cep, cep: true
end

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ACTION MAILER

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Sai TMail, entra Mail

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Uma nova casa para os mailers
./app/mailers/nome_do_mailer

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Criação de defaults para diminuir duplicação
de código

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class UserMailer < ActionMailer::Base
! def welcome(user)
! ! recipients user.email
! ! from “email@example.com”
! ! subject “Welcome to my site”
! ! body { :user => user }
! end
end

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class UserMailer < ActionMailer::Base
! default from: “email@example.com”
! def welcome(user)
! ! @user = user
! ! mail(to: user.email,
! ! ! subject: “Welcome to my site”)
! end
end

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Anexos muito mais fáceis

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class UserMailer < ActionMailer::Base
! default from: “email@example.com”
! def welcome(user)
! ! @user = user
! ! attachments[“hello.gif”] = File.read(‘...’)
! ! mail(to: user.email,
! ! ! subject: “Welcome to my site”)
! end
end

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class UserMailer < ActionMailer::Base
! default from: “email@example.com”
! def welcome(user)
! ! @user = user
! ! attachments.inline[“logo.png”] =
! ! ! File.read(...)
! ! mail(to: user.email,
! ! ! subject: “Welcome to my site”)
! end
end

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DEMO TIME

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RECURSOS

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Rails Dispatch
http://railsdispatch.com/

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Rails Guides Edge
http://guides.rails.info/

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Engine Yard Blog
http://www.engineyard.com/blog

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Dive into Rails 3 Screencasts
http://rubyonrails.org/screencasts/rails3

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Railscasts
http://railscasts.com/

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Agile Web Development with Rails (4th ed.)
http://pragprog.com/titles/rails4/agile-web-development-with-rails

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The Rails 3 Way
http://my.safaribooksonline.com/9780132480345

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FREVO ON RAILS
GRUPO DE USUÁRIOS RUBY DE PERNAMBUCO