This issue of O BEHAVE! provides summaries of recent behavioral science research on various topics:
1) A study found that spending money in ways that match one's personality was linked to higher happiness levels than total income.
2) Research on the hindsight bias and how it can prevent learning from mistakes is discussed.
3) Studies show that attributing success more to external factors like luck increases generosity, while internal attributes decrease support for redistributive policies.
4) Research demonstrated that hospital patients recovering from surgery had better outcomes if they had a view of trees rather than a brick wall from their window.
5) A study found that simply repeating key points in a discussion could change people
The Economics of Patience: The endogenous determination of time preferenceRussell James
This presentation reviews an economic model by Nobel Prize winning economist Gary Becker and Casey Mulligan incorporating the idea of imagination in time preference.
Behavioral economics : what it is and how it could help us do our job betterDigitasLBi Paris
From forms to porn banners, how behavioral economics can optimize user experience?
by DigitasLBi strategic planning
Des formulaires aux bannières porno: comment l'économie comportementale peut optimiser l'exp. utilisateur - par les planneurs de DigitasLBi
A review of the behavioral economics concept of the paradox of choice where some choice is good, but too much choice creates paralysis and dissatisfaction
FIELD ASSIGNMENT 3 SURVEY YOUR FRIENDS Goals and Skil.docxmglenn3
FIELD ASSIGNMENT 3
SURVEY YOUR FRIENDS
Goals and Skills: Students are asked to apply specific concepts, happiness theories, or research findings
they have learned in class to life experiences and specific out-of-class activities. Using a concept in a new
circumstance as well as connecting sociology to other relevant material in students’ lives allows for
greater student understanding.
Specific Instructions: For this assignment, you are to survey any 5 people about their regrets. To
prompt their comments, give them this specific scenario: If you knew you were dying, what five
regrets would you have about your life, about the way you’ve lived your life? Report your results
showing each respondent (including gender, age, ethnicity/race) and their answers to the question
and discuss your results. In addition to the comments of the five people interviewed, feel free to
include your regrets. This assignment emphasizes qualitative research.
Please omit real names or other identifying information about your research subjects. This is a good
research practice to adopt now.
Substantive Discussion/Debriefing: On the class day after the assignment is due, there will be an in-
class discussion about this assignment. Students should be prepared to talk about their paper.
DUE: A digital copy should be uploaded to D2L into correct folder by 11:59pm on the due date
(exact dates are noted on the syllabus under Course Calendar and Assignments).
Feedback: Students will be given numerical grades using the rubric below:
FIELD ASSIGNMENT GRADING RUBRIC
POINT
VALUE
GRADING CRITERIA
POINTS
RECEIVED
1 Covered subject of assignment/stayed on topic
1
Included at least ONE direct quotation from a class reading that was
appropriately cited using an ASA-style in-text parenthetical citation (Author
Year: Page#)
1 Clarity of writing style/ease of reading
1 Grammar and spelling
1 Format (typed, double-spaced, 12 pt. font, 1 page minimum, 2 pp. max)
TOTAL SCORE (Out of 5):
11
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HAPPINESS RESEARCH
fter 35 years of intensive research, what have investigators
discovered that adds significantly to the teachings of that
champion of happiness, Jeremy Bentham? Essentially,
researchers have succeeded in doing what Bentham
could not accomplish: to devise a way of measuring how happy
people are and how much pleasure or pain they_ derive from the
ordinary events and conditions of their lives. As a result, investiga-
tors are often able to reach conclusions that can help lawmakers
decide wh.i,ch legislative programs are most likely to improve the
well-being of the citizenry. It is true that many of these findings
merely ·echo what some philosopher or theologian said centuries
ago. Nevertheless, since prominent thinkers have so often disagreed
with one another in discussing happiness, the new research does a
valuable service by providing empirical evidence to suggest which
i.
Jails and PrisonsLooking inside total institutionsDefini.docxvrickens
Jails and Prisons
Looking inside total institutions
Definition of total institution
Canadian Erving Goffman coined this term
He wrote, “A total institution may be defined as a place of residence and work where a large number of like-situated individuals cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time together lead an enclosed formally administered round of life (Goffman, 1968: 11).
"Total institutions (such as prisons, boarding schools, psychiatric hospitals, concentration camps, etc. ) are distinctive and have much in common" (Goffman, 1968: 15) because, as Goffman points out, they depart from the basic social arrangements in modern western society "that the individual tends to sleep, play and work in different places with different co-participants, under different authorities and without an overall rational plan" (Goffman, 1968: 17).
Glimpses inside the total institution
It is very difficult to appreciate what life is like in jail or prison so I have selected a few videos, and stories for you
Please listen to Ismael Nazario who speaks about his experience in Rikers as a youth https://www.ted.com/talks/ismael_nazario_what_i_learned_as_a_kid_in_jail?language=en#t-671125
Also, please read a piece published by the Marshall project here https://www.themarshallproject.org/2018/07/12/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-prisoner
Finally, hear the story of Mr. Melendez who spent 17 years on death row for a crime he did not commit. Now exonerated, he has visited UTA and spoken about this experience. He paints a vivid picture of those 17 years here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9k6C7ZVhaHE
Why is working in prisons important for social workers?
Criminal justice system is marked by the confluence of race, class, gender, and inequality in the United States
Mass incarceration has been called one the most pressing social problems of our time (Mauer & Chesney-Lind, 2002)
The CJ system is fragmented
Over 50,000 different agencies responsible
Prisons account for the fastest growing segment of government employment (nearly 750,000 people in 2004)
Most people are imprisoned for non-violent crimes
Remember that Race, Class, Gender Matter
African American men disproportionately imprisoned
Women account for the fastest growing prison population
African American women: 571% increase in 20 years
Latinas: 131% increase in 20 years
Caucasian women: 75% increase in 20 years
More women are incarcerated per capita for drug crimes than men (about 34% of women and 19% of men)
60% of men and 40% of women unemployed at arrest, 1/3 earned less than 5000$ last year.
Privatization of prisons – total institutions and turning a profit for shareholders
Beck, A.J. (2000). Prisoners in 1999. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics; Guerino, P., Harrison, P.M., & Sabol, P.M. (2011). Prisoners in 2010. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Prisoners in 1999 available online here: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/p99.pdf
Private prisons in Te ...
The Economics of Patience: The endogenous determination of time preferenceRussell James
This presentation reviews an economic model by Nobel Prize winning economist Gary Becker and Casey Mulligan incorporating the idea of imagination in time preference.
Behavioral economics : what it is and how it could help us do our job betterDigitasLBi Paris
From forms to porn banners, how behavioral economics can optimize user experience?
by DigitasLBi strategic planning
Des formulaires aux bannières porno: comment l'économie comportementale peut optimiser l'exp. utilisateur - par les planneurs de DigitasLBi
A review of the behavioral economics concept of the paradox of choice where some choice is good, but too much choice creates paralysis and dissatisfaction
FIELD ASSIGNMENT 3 SURVEY YOUR FRIENDS Goals and Skil.docxmglenn3
FIELD ASSIGNMENT 3
SURVEY YOUR FRIENDS
Goals and Skills: Students are asked to apply specific concepts, happiness theories, or research findings
they have learned in class to life experiences and specific out-of-class activities. Using a concept in a new
circumstance as well as connecting sociology to other relevant material in students’ lives allows for
greater student understanding.
Specific Instructions: For this assignment, you are to survey any 5 people about their regrets. To
prompt their comments, give them this specific scenario: If you knew you were dying, what five
regrets would you have about your life, about the way you’ve lived your life? Report your results
showing each respondent (including gender, age, ethnicity/race) and their answers to the question
and discuss your results. In addition to the comments of the five people interviewed, feel free to
include your regrets. This assignment emphasizes qualitative research.
Please omit real names or other identifying information about your research subjects. This is a good
research practice to adopt now.
Substantive Discussion/Debriefing: On the class day after the assignment is due, there will be an in-
class discussion about this assignment. Students should be prepared to talk about their paper.
DUE: A digital copy should be uploaded to D2L into correct folder by 11:59pm on the due date
(exact dates are noted on the syllabus under Course Calendar and Assignments).
Feedback: Students will be given numerical grades using the rubric below:
FIELD ASSIGNMENT GRADING RUBRIC
POINT
VALUE
GRADING CRITERIA
POINTS
RECEIVED
1 Covered subject of assignment/stayed on topic
1
Included at least ONE direct quotation from a class reading that was
appropriately cited using an ASA-style in-text parenthetical citation (Author
Year: Page#)
1 Clarity of writing style/ease of reading
1 Grammar and spelling
1 Format (typed, double-spaced, 12 pt. font, 1 page minimum, 2 pp. max)
TOTAL SCORE (Out of 5):
11
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HAPPINESS RESEARCH
fter 35 years of intensive research, what have investigators
discovered that adds significantly to the teachings of that
champion of happiness, Jeremy Bentham? Essentially,
researchers have succeeded in doing what Bentham
could not accomplish: to devise a way of measuring how happy
people are and how much pleasure or pain they_ derive from the
ordinary events and conditions of their lives. As a result, investiga-
tors are often able to reach conclusions that can help lawmakers
decide wh.i,ch legislative programs are most likely to improve the
well-being of the citizenry. It is true that many of these findings
merely ·echo what some philosopher or theologian said centuries
ago. Nevertheless, since prominent thinkers have so often disagreed
with one another in discussing happiness, the new research does a
valuable service by providing empirical evidence to suggest which
i.
Jails and PrisonsLooking inside total institutionsDefini.docxvrickens
Jails and Prisons
Looking inside total institutions
Definition of total institution
Canadian Erving Goffman coined this term
He wrote, “A total institution may be defined as a place of residence and work where a large number of like-situated individuals cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time together lead an enclosed formally administered round of life (Goffman, 1968: 11).
"Total institutions (such as prisons, boarding schools, psychiatric hospitals, concentration camps, etc. ) are distinctive and have much in common" (Goffman, 1968: 15) because, as Goffman points out, they depart from the basic social arrangements in modern western society "that the individual tends to sleep, play and work in different places with different co-participants, under different authorities and without an overall rational plan" (Goffman, 1968: 17).
Glimpses inside the total institution
It is very difficult to appreciate what life is like in jail or prison so I have selected a few videos, and stories for you
Please listen to Ismael Nazario who speaks about his experience in Rikers as a youth https://www.ted.com/talks/ismael_nazario_what_i_learned_as_a_kid_in_jail?language=en#t-671125
Also, please read a piece published by the Marshall project here https://www.themarshallproject.org/2018/07/12/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-prisoner
Finally, hear the story of Mr. Melendez who spent 17 years on death row for a crime he did not commit. Now exonerated, he has visited UTA and spoken about this experience. He paints a vivid picture of those 17 years here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9k6C7ZVhaHE
Why is working in prisons important for social workers?
Criminal justice system is marked by the confluence of race, class, gender, and inequality in the United States
Mass incarceration has been called one the most pressing social problems of our time (Mauer & Chesney-Lind, 2002)
The CJ system is fragmented
Over 50,000 different agencies responsible
Prisons account for the fastest growing segment of government employment (nearly 750,000 people in 2004)
Most people are imprisoned for non-violent crimes
Remember that Race, Class, Gender Matter
African American men disproportionately imprisoned
Women account for the fastest growing prison population
African American women: 571% increase in 20 years
Latinas: 131% increase in 20 years
Caucasian women: 75% increase in 20 years
More women are incarcerated per capita for drug crimes than men (about 34% of women and 19% of men)
60% of men and 40% of women unemployed at arrest, 1/3 earned less than 5000$ last year.
Privatization of prisons – total institutions and turning a profit for shareholders
Beck, A.J. (2000). Prisoners in 1999. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics; Guerino, P., Harrison, P.M., & Sabol, P.M. (2011). Prisoners in 2010. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Prisoners in 1999 available online here: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/p99.pdf
Private prisons in Te ...
Jails and PrisonsLooking inside total institutionsDefini.docxdonnajames55
Jails and Prisons
Looking inside total institutions
Definition of total institution
Canadian Erving Goffman coined this term
He wrote, “A total institution may be defined as a place of residence and work where a large number of like-situated individuals cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time together lead an enclosed formally administered round of life (Goffman, 1968: 11).
"Total institutions (such as prisons, boarding schools, psychiatric hospitals, concentration camps, etc. ) are distinctive and have much in common" (Goffman, 1968: 15) because, as Goffman points out, they depart from the basic social arrangements in modern western society "that the individual tends to sleep, play and work in different places with different co-participants, under different authorities and without an overall rational plan" (Goffman, 1968: 17).
Glimpses inside the total institution
It is very difficult to appreciate what life is like in jail or prison so I have selected a few videos, and stories for you
Please listen to Ismael Nazario who speaks about his experience in Rikers as a youth https://www.ted.com/talks/ismael_nazario_what_i_learned_as_a_kid_in_jail?language=en#t-671125
Also, please read a piece published by the Marshall project here https://www.themarshallproject.org/2018/07/12/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-prisoner
Finally, hear the story of Mr. Melendez who spent 17 years on death row for a crime he did not commit. Now exonerated, he has visited UTA and spoken about this experience. He paints a vivid picture of those 17 years here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9k6C7ZVhaHE
Why is working in prisons important for social workers?
Criminal justice system is marked by the confluence of race, class, gender, and inequality in the United States
Mass incarceration has been called one the most pressing social problems of our time (Mauer & Chesney-Lind, 2002)
The CJ system is fragmented
Over 50,000 different agencies responsible
Prisons account for the fastest growing segment of government employment (nearly 750,000 people in 2004)
Most people are imprisoned for non-violent crimes
Remember that Race, Class, Gender Matter
African American men disproportionately imprisoned
Women account for the fastest growing prison population
African American women: 571% increase in 20 years
Latinas: 131% increase in 20 years
Caucasian women: 75% increase in 20 years
More women are incarcerated per capita for drug crimes than men (about 34% of women and 19% of men)
60% of men and 40% of women unemployed at arrest, 1/3 earned less than 5000$ last year.
Privatization of prisons – total institutions and turning a profit for shareholders
Beck, A.J. (2000). Prisoners in 1999. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics; Guerino, P., Harrison, P.M., & Sabol, P.M. (2011). Prisoners in 2010. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Prisoners in 1999 available online here: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/p99.pdf
Private prisons in Te.
If money doesn't make you happy, then you probably aren't spending it rightbarrettso
The relationship between money and happiness is surprisingly weak, which may stem in part from the way people spend it. Drawing on empirical research, we propose eight principles designed to help consumers get more happiness for their money. Specifically, we suggest that consumers should buy more experiences and fewer material goods; use their money to benefit others rather than themselves; buy many small pleasures rather than fewer large ones; eschew extended warranties and other forms of overpriced insurance; delay consumption; consider how peripheral features of their purchases may affect their day-to-day lives; beware of comparison shopping; and pay close attention to the happiness of others.
SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING OF BEHAVIOR CHP. 1LEARNING OBJECTIVES.docxbagotjesusa
SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING OF BEHAVIOR CHP. 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
· Describe why an understanding of research methods is important.
· Describe the scientific approach to learning about behavior and contrast it with pseudoscientific research.
· Define and give examples of the four goals of scientific research: description, prediction, determination of cause, and explanation of behavior.
· Discuss the three elements for inferring causation: temporal order, covariation of cause and effect, and elimination of alternative explanations.
· Define, describe, compare, and contrast basic and applied research.
Page 2DO SOCIAL MEDIA SITES LIKE FACEBOOK AND INSTAGRAM IMPACT OUR RELATIONSHIPS? What causes alcoholism? How do our early childhood experiences affect our later lives? How do we remember things, what causes us to forget, and how can memory be improved? Why do we procrastinate? Why do some people experience anxiety so extreme that it disrupts their lives while others—facing the same situation—seem to be unaffected? How can we help people who suffer from depression? Why do we like certain people and dislike others?
Curiosity about questions like these is probably the most important reason that many students decide to take courses in the behavioral sciences. Science is the best way to explore and answer these sorts of questions. In this book, we will examine the methods of scientific research in the behavioral sciences. In this introductory chapter, we will focus on ways in which knowledge of research methods can be useful in understanding the world around us. Further, we will review the characteristics of a scientific approach to the study of behavior and the general types of research questions that concern behavioral scientists.
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH METHODS
We are continuously bombarded with research results: “Happiness Wards Off Heart Disease,” “Recession Causes Increase in Teen Dating Violence,” “Breast-Fed Children Found Smarter,” “Facebook Users Get Worse Grades in College.” Articles and books make claims about the beneficial or harmful effects of particular diets or vitamins on one's sex life, personality, or health. Survey results are frequently reported that draw conclusions about our beliefs concerning a variety of topics. The key question is, how do you evaluate such reports? Do you simply accept the findings because they are supposed to be scientific? A background in research methods will help you read these reports critically, evaluate the methods employed, and decide whether the conclusions are reasonable.
Many occupations require the use of research findings. For example, mental health professionals must make decisions about treatment methods, assignment of clients to different types of facilities, medications, and testing procedures. Such decisions are made on the basis of research; to make good decisions, mental health professionals must be able to read the research literature in the field and apply it to their professional lives. .
Running head: OVERVIEW 1
OVERVIEW 3
Articles Overview
Yoanka Rodriguez
South University
May 2017
Articles Overview
Quantitative
Qualitative
Articles summary
The article by Bortz, Ashkenazi, and Melnikov (2015) has addressed the problem of organ donation. The authors were interested to learn about the motivation of those individuals who sign the donor card. Comparative analysis of values and beliefs of those who agree and disagree to donate demonstrated that people with better education agree to sign the document.
Dinkel and Schmidt (2015) have discussed the strategies of primary prevention in incarcerated women. They have indicated the main health-related concerns in this population.
Research problem
To identify the difference in mentality between those willing and not willing to donate organs.
To identify the incarcerated women’s health-related education needs.
Purpose statement
Comparative analysis of “spirituality, purpose in life, and attitudes toward organ donation” in people willing and not willing to sign the donor card (Bortz et al., 2015, p. 33).
Analysis of health educational needs in imprisoned women with the use of an interview.
Hypothesis/research questions
Personal beliefs, cultural peculiarities, spirituality, and values influence the decision to sign the donor card.
“What are the top ten health education needs in imprisoned women?” (Dinkel & Schmidt, 2015, p. 230).
Significance to nursing
Organ donation is an important aspect of health care. Educating the right attitude to organ donation in broad populations, health care professionals will help save millions of lives. Nursing professionals as direct care providers constantly working with patients have the key role in this objective. Therefore, they need informational support on how to approach people in the most effective way. The article provides many important findings to help in this area.
The number of incarcerated females is ever growing in the United States. This population is identified as a vulnerable group due to increased morbidity and mortality. This research has helped to understand how primary prevention can be implemented to help them.
Two details to support the study being quantitative or qualitative
This study is quantitative because (1) the research process was organized to test measurable relationships between variables and (2) inferential statistics was used.
This study is qualitative because (1) it uses an interview to collect the data and (2) it aims to generate the theory as for the best practice health teaching for incarcerated women.
References
Bortz, A., Ashkenazi, T., & Melnikov, S. (2015). Spirituality as a predictive factor for signing an organ donor car.
Running head: OVERVIEW 1
OVERVIEW 3
Articles Overview
Yoanka Rodriguez
South University
May 2017
Articles Overview
Quantitative
Qualitative
Articles summary
The article by Bortz, Ashkenazi, and Melnikov (2015) has addressed the problem of organ donation. The authors were interested to learn about the motivation of those individuals who sign the donor card. Comparative analysis of values and beliefs of those who agree and disagree to donate demonstrated that people with better education agree to sign the document.
Dinkel and Schmidt (2015) have discussed the strategies of primary prevention in incarcerated women. They have indicated the main health-related concerns in this population.
Research problem
To identify the difference in mentality between those willing and not willing to donate organs.
To identify the incarcerated women’s health-related education needs.
Purpose statement
Comparative analysis of “spirituality, purpose in life, and attitudes toward organ donation” in people willing and not willing to sign the donor card (Bortz et al., 2015, p. 33).
Analysis of health educational needs in imprisoned women with the use of an interview.
Hypothesis/research questions
Personal beliefs, cultural peculiarities, spirituality, and values influence the decision to sign the donor card.
“What are the top ten health education needs in imprisoned women?” (Dinkel & Schmidt, 2015, p. 230).
Significance to nursing
Organ donation is an important aspect of health care. Educating the right attitude to organ donation in broad populations, health care professionals will help save millions of lives. Nursing professionals as direct care providers constantly working with patients have the key role in this objective. Therefore, they need informational support on how to approach people in the most effective way. The article provides many important findings to help in this area.
The number of incarcerated females is ever growing in the United States. This population is identified as a vulnerable group due to increased morbidity and mortality. This research has helped to understand how primary prevention can be implemented to help them.
Two details to support the study being quantitative or qualitative
This study is quantitative because (1) the research process was organized to test measurable relationships between variables and (2) inferential statistics was used.
This study is qualitative because (1) it uses an interview to collect the data and (2) it aims to generate the theory as for the best practice health teaching for incarcerated women.
References
Bortz, A., Ashkenazi, T., & Melnikov, S. (2015). Spirituality as a predictive factor for signing an organ donor car.
Ask 100 people what would make them happy, and a sizeable majority would say “winning the lottery.” Yet, if they won a vast fortune, within a year they would be back to their previous level of happiness. The fact is that money has many uses, but more money does not mean more happiness. Surveys carried out in recent years by leading psychologists and sociologists all confirm that while individuals may increase their material wealth during the course of their lifetime, this has no bearing on their well-being.
The Most Influential Person in My Life Free Essay Example. Expository essay: A famous person you admire short essay. Essay websites: Influential people essay. Essays on influential people. PPT - The Structure of the Essay PowerPoint Presentation, free download .... Important people in your life essay. An Unforgettable Influential Person In Your Life Free Essay Example. Essay About a Famous Person Example - Personal Essay - Page 1 - 2 .... The Most Influential Person in My Life: Essay Example, 906 words .... The most important person in my life essay. Most Important Person In .... College Essay Unit Topic Fact Sheet Influential Person.doc. College Essay About An Influential Person Coalition Help Center. Famous Person Research Paper. Who Is the Most Influential Person in My Life - Free Essay Example .... Influential Person In Your Life My Grandmother Free Essay Example. college essay about an influential person. College Essay About An Influential Person Essay Tip 2-The .... Most influential person essay writing custom research. Read The Most Influential Person Essay Sample for Free at .... A Famous Person You Admire Essay - EnzoldOliver. Top Influential People Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com. College admissions essay help of an influential person. Famous person essay sample. The Most Famous Person of All Time .... Write A Paragraph About An Important Person In History - The Best .... College Essay: Short essay on meeting a famous person. Famous person essay Planeta Música. College Essay About An Influential Person - Nick Huber. An important person in my life paragraph. Most Important Person in .... College Essay About An Influential Person How to write a college .... Roaming around the most influential person in my life essay. Important Person For Me Essay. Write my essay - essay person influenced your life - 2017/10/11. Mom most influential person essay Mom Is Most Influential in My Life ... Influential Person Essay Influential Person Essay
World Population Essay. PROMISEDPAGE: WORLD POPULATION DAYShannon Bennett
⇉Population Growth around the world Essay Example | GraduateWay. School essay: World population essay. Essay on Population | Population Essay for Students and Children in .... The continued rise in the world’s population (Corrected Essay). Write an Essay on World Population Day-2021 in English Writing /Short .... World population essay. World Population Day Essay. 2022-11-14.
Teen Suicide Case Study Essay
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ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
2. Money Can Buy You Happiness 3
Bias of the Month 4
Is It Luck or Skill? 5
How a View Can Make You Healthy 6
Repetition, Repetition, Repetition 7
Real Life Nudge of the Month 8
Upcoming Events 8
CONTENTS
3. MONEY CAN BUY YOU HAPPINESS
It’s a well-known adage that money can’t buy you happiness, but is that really true? The latest research in the field
suggests it is not necessarily true, and in fact, money can increase happiness if spent in the right way. Carter and Gilovich
(2010) found that spending money on experiences rather than material goods increases well-being, while Dunn, Aknin
and Norton (2013) found a similar effect when people spent money on others rather than themselves. Recent research
shows that these insights do not hold universally and are moderated by individual differences. This highlights the need to
investigate the relationship between money and happiness on an individual rather than a group level.
Taking this into consideration, a new study sought to investigate the relationship between peoples’ personality traits, their
spending habits and happiness levels. Personality was assessed using the “Big Five” model (Goldberg, 1992) which
consists of five axes: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism.
Spending was measured by looking at more than 76,000 bank transactions. The transactions were grouped into 59
categories and matched to personality type. For example, "eating out in pubs" was rated as an extraverted and low
conscientiousness (i.e. impulsive) spending category, whereas "charities" and "pets" were rated as highly agreeable
spending categories.
Matz, S. C., Gladstone, J. J., & Stillwell, D. (2016). Money Buys Happiness When Spending Fits Our Personality. Psychological Science, 1, 11.
Looking at the participants’ personality type and
spending, researchers found that individuals who spent
more on purchases that matched their personality type
reported higher levels of life satisfaction. What is really
interesting to note is that the effect of spending in line
with one’s personality type and happiness was stronger
than the effect of individuals’ total income and happiness.
So maybe instead of expecting your next pay increase to
make you happy, look at your current spending habits
and ensure that your money is going towards the things
that make you feel good.
4. Roese, N.J., & Vohs, K.D. (2012). Hindsight Bias. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7 (5), 411-426.
BIAS OF THE MONTH
Hindsight Bias
After an unexpected event occurs, we typically see it as inevitable and assume
we knew it would happen all along; this effect is known as the hindsight bias.
Humans are natural storytellers, which means that we have a tendency to
interpret the world around us in a way that fits with our narrative. If events
occur that do not fit our existing narrative, we simply change our memory of it,
as if we knew what was going to happen all along.
There are three levels of hindsight bias, as defined by Roese and Vohs (2012):
• Memory distortion, when we remember ourselves as believing or saying
something would happen before it did,
• Inevitability, that it was bound to happen, and
• Foreseeability, that we personally could have seen it coming.
The issue with the hindsight bias is that it can stop us from learning from past
mistakes, as we assume we already knew the consequences before taking a
particular action. This can also lead to oversimplification of cause and effect.
One way to get around it is by considering how events that didn’t happen could
have happened, understanding conclusions that could have been reached
before the true outcome was known.
5. IS IT LUCK OR SKILL?
How did you get to where you are today; is your success entirely down to your own talent and hard work, or did luck play a
role as well? For the most part, we like to think our achievements are the result of our innate skills and industriousness. This
is largely due to the availability heuristic: when we reflect on our progression, what comes to mind is all the times we’ve
worked late and tackled tough challenges, rather than when we’ve simply been in the right place at the right time. Of course,
the growing inequalities in Western societies indicate this is unlikely to be the whole story. People who are born rich tend to
remain so, and vice versa.
Bartlett, M.Y., & DeSteno, D. (2006). Gratitude and Prosocial Behavior: Helping When It Costs You. Psychological Science, 17 (4), 319-325.
Research has shown that what you attribute your success to can influence the way
you behave towards others. One experiment asked participants to think about a
recent positive event, with one group asked to focus particularly on how their own
personal actions led to it, while the other group thought about external causes. They
were then asked if they would like to donate all or some of their payment for
participation to charity. Those who had reflected on external factors, such as luck or
the kindness of others, donated 25% more than those who thought about their own
involvement. Similarly, Bartlett and DeSteno demonstrated in 2006 that feeling
gratitude increases generosity. After a confederate helped the participant with a
staged computer problem during the experiment, the participant was then asked if
they would help with a long and challenging survey either by the confederate or a
stranger. In both cases, participants who had their computer issue solved spent
more time and completed more questions on the survey than participants who had
not been helped. Taken together, these studies suggest that the more we recognise
the involvement of others in our own success, the more altruistic we become.
Clearly, this has important implications for people’s political attitudes, particularly towards taxation, which has been explored
by economist Robert Frank (keynote at this year’s Nudgestock) is his recent book Success and Luck. When people attribute
the entirety of their success to their own hard work, they understandably are less open to redistributive taxation. By this
logic, anyone should be able to have the same success if they work hard enough, which therefore means everyone at the
top is subsidising people who haven’t worked as hard; an understandably off-putting proposition. Perhaps encouraging
people to reflect more on the influence of good fortune could change the way tax is perceived.
6. HOW A VIEW CAN MAKE YOU HEALTHY
As some of you may know, Ogilvy Change have moved to the stunning Sea Containers building on the South Bank, which is
full of full-length windows looking out over the River Thames. This means that instead of looking at a brick wall all day, we
are lucky enough to be looking out at the river, watching the boats go by. When choosing this venue, it seems likely that
senior management were aware of the positive benefits that this view would have on employees’ well-being. As humans, we
are drawn to natural rather than urban environments, with scenes of water and vegetation being found to elicit positive
feelings, reduce or block stress, and aid recovery from anxiety.
A fascinating study illustrating the full extent of the benefits of a natural view took place in a suburban Pennsylvania hospital
over a nine-year period. Researchers wanted to investigate what impact the patients’ view from their bed (a brown brick wall
or a tree) would have on their recovery. Looking at patient records from this time period, researchers matched patients for
surgery type, sex, age, smoking habits, obesity, general nature of previous hospitalisation and floor level (due to the differing
colour of the walls on each floor). They were also matched by surgeon where possible. Patients over 65 or under 20 were
excluded from the sample, along with those who had a history of psychological disturbances. Patients had limited access to
outdoor environments and therefore the only thing differing between the matched patients was the view from their window.
Ulrich, R. (1984). View through a window may influence recovery. Science, 224 (4647), 224-225.
Comparing the patients’ records of the brick wall versus the
tree view, the patients who could see trees spent fewer
days hospitalised post surgery, had fewer negative
comments written about them by their nurses (e.g. “upset or
crying”, “needs much encouragement”), took fewer
moderate and strong analgesic doses and had fewer post
surgery complications.
Our environment plays a significant role in our well-being,
so whenever possible, get out of those four brick walls and
work outdoors. If this isn’t possible, try to place yourself
looking out at a lovely natural view – it could help those
stress levels when they begin to creep up.
7. REPETITION, REPETITION, REPETITION
The next time you want to persuade your clients or colleagues, you may not need to keep thinking of different information
that supports your point of view; new research suggests that just repeating the key points could be enough to change their
minds. In rational economic terms, repeated information adds nothing and is therefore redundant. However, with our
behaviour being influenced by non-rational heuristics and biases, repetition turns out to be a powerful persuasion tool.
Schulz-Hardt, Giersiepen and Mojzisch (2016) asked participants to review the CVs of two potential job candidates, both of
which had equal numbers of positive and negative traits. They were then asked to discuss the applicants with a
confederate. The confederate had been briefed to repeat four pieces of information that supported the choice the
participant had already made, or four pieces of information that supported the other applicant. A full 70% of participants
changed their minds when the confederate repeated information supporting the other candidate, despite the fact they were
only making the same points over and over again. When the confederate’s points supported the participant’s original
choice, only 2% changed their minds.
Schulz-Hardt, S., Giersiepen, A., & Mojzisch, A. (2016). Preference-consistent information repetitions during discussion: Do they affect subsequent judgments and
decisions? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 64, 41-49.
This could be due to the mere-exposure effect (Zajonc, 1965): when we are presented
with a stimulus more than once, we tend to like it more. The repetition can also enhance
memory, meaning that, when participants thought about the two candidates, these
repeated points could have been more salient. However, the authors also tested this
hypothesis. They repeated the experiment paradigm, but, instead of a conversation with
a confederate, asked the participants to read a scripted dialogue giving the same
repeated points for one of the candidates. When the participants were asked which
points they remembered, they were no more likely to recall the points that had been
repeated than any others. This suggests that memory does not play a role in this effect.
An alternate explanation put forward by the authors was that we use repetition as a
social cue to understand others’ preferences. If someone makes the same point again
and again, they obviously feel strongly about it, so it’s therefore important that we
respond by taking these points into account. Research into this effect is still ongoing –
but in the meantime, it could be a good strategy for your next meeting.
8. Spotted: Reducing Choice Overload at Big Fernand
Humans hate making decisions, especially when there are lots of
options to choose from. When too much choice exists, the chance we
will make the wrong or sub-optimal decision increases, which in turn
increases the risk that we will feel regret. In order to avoid this feeling
of regret, we often end up doing nothing at all, refusing to make a
choice. To make decisions easier, we often look to what others have
chosen, which is why indicating which items are the “most popular”
works so well. Alternatively, we look to experts in the area to tell us
what to choose. Taking this insight on board, the burger chain Big
Fernand wanted to making choosing a burger in their restaurant easier
for customers with the expert recommendation of “The Big Fernand
and Fries”. Great - I don’t know what to choose, so I’ll just take the
recommendation. Sold!
REAL LIFE NUDGE OF THE MONTH
UPCOMING EVENTS
Behavioural Boozeonomics with the London Behavioural Economics Network
Monday 9th May, 7.00-10.30pm
The Comedy Pub, Piccadilly
Nudgestock 2016
Behavioural Economics Festival
Friday 10th June , 10am-6pm
Leas Cliff Hall, Folkestone, Kent