Child hood Nutrition, Good for doctors and Nurses for conducting classes.

1. NUTRITION CLASS FOR SCHOOL
STUDENTS
IAP TRIVANDRUM
&
IAP KERALA

2. NATIONAL NUTRITION MONTH SEPT 2020

3. Nutrition
· Nutrient: substance used by the body
for growth, maintenance, and repair
· Categories of nutrients:
·Carbohydrates
·Lipids
·Proteins
·Vitamins
·Minerals
·Water

4. HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

6. Under Nutrition

7. Under weight in India 42.5%

8. Severe Under Nutrition

9. OVER WEIGHT & OBESITY

10. Why is Fast Food unhealthy ?
 High in calorie, fat, sodium and low in fiber
which can cause
Obesity, Hypertension, Heart diseases, Diabetes, Cancer etc.
 Contains preservatives

11. JUNK FOODS
 High in calorie, fat, sodium and low in fiber
which can cause
Obesity, Hypertension, Heart diseases, Diabetes, Cancer etc.
 Contains preservatives
JUNK FOOD IS NOW
BANNED IN SCHOOL
AND FIFTY METERS

13. MEASURING MAL NUTRITION

14. Adults should aim for a healthy body weight
for their height and try to keep it at that level.
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a good indicator
if a person is underweight, overweight or a
healthy weight.
To calculate BMI (kg/m2
), divide weight (kg) by
height (m) x height (m).

15. BMI for Boys and Girls 5 to 15 years

16. ADOLESCENT HEALTH
• Adolescence is a period of rapid growth and
development and is when puberty occurs.
• The demand for energy and most nutrients
are relatively high

17. Adolescence:
The Vulnerable Life Stage
• Adolescence
• 15-20% increase in height
• 50% of peak bone mass is attained
• Up to 50% of adult body weight is gained
• Moderately active adolescent girl- 2300
cal/day (WHO 2018)
• Adolescent boy- 2800 cal/day

18. Nutrient Requirements
• Calories: 2000 to 3000 calories/day
(125-175 grams/day (mainly complex
carbohydrates)
Example :- Complex carbohydrates – bread, cereal, rice, potatoes
• Protein requirements of 0.8 –1.0 g/kg/d (50-60 grams/day)
• Fat: Adult levels of 30% of calories should be encouraged.
• Fiber: 30-40 grams/day
• Needed for normal bowel function, preventing cancer, and
coronary artery disease

19. • Calcium: 1,300-1,500 mg/day
• Iron: for girls 15 mg/day and for boys 12 mg/day
• Necessary for transporting oxygen
• Needed to make red blood cells
• Menstruation for girls
• Vitamins A, C, E
• Vitamin A is needed for vision
• Vitamin C used quickly under emotional and physical stress
• Vitamin E is an antioxidant
• Other minerals: zinc, phosphorous, magnesium
• Zinc is necessary for protein formation and sexual maturation

20. Reasons Teens Have Increased
Nutritional Requirements
Proper nutrition improves :
• Behavior
• School performance
• Cognitive development
• Participation in school activities
• Proper nutrition now will lead to good eating
habits later in life.

21. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & NUTRITION
It is important to encourage an active lifestyle
with a healthy, balanced diet during this time.
This is because good habits practised now are
likely to benefit their health for the rest of
their lives

22. RECTIFICATION OF MALNUTRITION

23. Critical Thinking Question:
Why does your body need food?
Answer:
Food has two main functions:
1) Food provides raw materials for cells to build
new molecules for growth and reproduction
2) Food provides energy

24. Nutrients
• Many cells of the body (ex. liver cells) can
convert one molecule into another based on
what is needed
• Essential nutrients: must be provided by the
diet because they can’t be created through
conversions

25. Dietary Sources of Carbohydrates

26. Dietary Requirements of Carbohydrates
Excesses:
• Obesity
• Nutritional deficits (“empty calories”)
• Gastrointestinal problems (constipation)
Deficits:
• Tissue wasting (muscle breakdown)
• Metabolic acidosis (fat breakdown)

27. Dietary Sources of Lipids
·Saturated fats from animal products
(meat and dairy)
·Unsaturated fats from nuts, seeds, and
vegetable oils
·Cholesterol from egg yolk, meats, and
milk products

28. Trans fats
• “Healthy” vegetable oils that have been
“hydrogenated” to make them more solid
• Used in many snack and junk foods
• Increases shelf life of foods (they don’t get rancid)
• Have the most negative effect on cholesterol –
raises the bad cholesterol and lowers the good
cholesterol.

29. Dietary Requirements of Lipids
· 30% or less of total caloric intake
· Saturated fats should be less than 10% of total
calories
· Cholesterol should be less than 250 mg (ex. one
egg yolk)

30. Body Uses of Proteins
· Major component of structural materials
(skin, nails, muscles)
· Regulate chemical reactions (enzymes)

31. Dietary Requirements of Proteins
· Depends on age, size, and metabolic rate
·0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight

32. Dietary Sources of Proteins
· Most complete proteins come from animal
products (eggs, milk, meat)
· Complete proteins: contain all essential
amino acids
· Legumes (beans and peas), nuts, leafy
greens also have proteins, but are incomplete
· Incomplete proteins: missing or low in one or
more of the essential amino acids

34. WE REQUIRE

35. MICRO
NUTRIENTS

36. VITAMINS

37. MINERALS

38. Minerals
· Body requires moderate amounts of 7 minerals
(Ca, P, K, S, Na, Cl, Mg) and trace amounts of
about 12 others
· Make up 4% of the body weight, mostly due to
Ca and P in bones
· Provide strength to certain structures

39. Minerals
· Vital components to many biological compounds
(ex. iron (Fe) in hemoglobin)
· Important electrolytes (sodium/chloride ions)
· Found in mostly vegetables, legumes, milk, and
meats

41. CAUSES OF ANAEMIA

42. IDENTIFICATION OF ANAEMIA

43. PROBLEMS DUE TO ANAEMIA

44. HOW TO HANDLE ANAEMIA

45. Dealing with Anemia vegetarian way

46. IODINE
DEFICIENCY

47. PROBLEMS DUE TO IODINE DEFICIENCY

48. IODINE RICH FOOD

49. CALCIUM

50. PROBLEMS DUE TO CALCIUM DEFICIENCY

52. CALCIUM RICH FOOD

53. PHOSPHORUS

54. PROBLEMS DUE TO DEFICIENCY OF
PHOSPHORUS

55. PHOSPHORUS RICH FOODS

56. Zinc Deficiency
• unexplained weight loss
• wounds that won’t heal
• lack of alertness
• decreased sense of smell and taste
• diarrhea
• loss of appetite
• open sores on the skin

58. SALT
• Adult recommendation of sodium is 2g /day (2018 WHO)
• Children and Adolescents- less than adult needs
• Blood pressure maintenance
• Average Kerala diet- 15 g/ day
• Salt is plenty in Pickles, papads, junk foods, chips, Leys
• Hidden sodium in sodium benzoate (preservatives in
juices, jams),
baking soda/powder or sodium bicarbonate (cakes,
bread)

59. MINERALS FOR VEGETARIANS

60. VITAMINS

61. Vitamins
· Two main categories:
1. Water-soluble: absorbed with water, not
stored in the body, excreted in the urine if
not used
2. Fat-soluble: absorbed with fats, stored in
the body, excesses can lead to toxicity

62. Vitamins
· Most vitamins are used as coenzymes,
helping enzymes with their chemical
reactions
· Most must be ingested – the body can only
make Vitamins A, B, D, and K

63. VITAMINS

64. ADVANTAGES OF VITAMIN D

66. NATURAL SOURCE OF VITAMIN D

67. VITAMIN A

68. VITAMIN A RICH FOOD

70. VITAMIN K RICH FOOD

71. VITAMIN E

73. FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS

74. WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

77. NATURAL SOURCE OF VITAMIN B

80. VITAMIN C

81. Boosting Immunity for Covid 19

82. SUMMARY OF VITAMIN USE

83. Good eating habits
 Maintain hygienic habits
 Eat slowly, chew properly
 Avoid TV viewing or reading while
you eat
 Small frequent meals
 Never skip meals, specially
breakfast
 Don’t overeat
 Brain Food
 Improves
performance
in studies
 Improves
physical
activities
 Does not
contribute to
overweight
 Keeps you
healthy

84. Easy Ways to Improve Your Nutrition
• Eat smaller portions more frequently
• Vary your diet so you don’t get bored
• Don’t overeat foods with added sweeteners
• Put color into your diet with fruits and vegetables
• Think ahead so that you have snacks available when you
need energy
• Replace soda/lemonade/sports drinks with fruit juice
• EAT BREAKFAST
• Drink water, it helps to fill you up
• START MOVING!

85. BALANCED DIET

86. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY:
 Daily Chores: walking, climbing stairs,
cycling, household activities, etc.
 Exercise: planned & structured subset of
leisure time physical activity undertaken for
improving or maintaining physical fitness.
30-60 minutes every day
 Sports: involves competition. It may become
an occupation.

87. Key points
 Proper Nutrition & Regular Physical Activity are
very important for
• Growth
• Prevention of illness
• Future health

88. THANKS
• Dr KE Elizabeth - National Advisor Pediatric and
Adolescent Nutrition
• Dr M Narayanan - State President
• Dr Balachander D - State Secretary
• Dr Krishna Mohan - State Treasurer
• Dr Bennet xylem P - Trivandrum President
• Dr Priya Sreenivasan - Trivandrum Secretary
• Dr Praveen KS - Trivandrum Treasurer
IAP KERALA 2020