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NUTR-701-06-07-Metabolism Well fed & Fasting.pdf
1. Metabolism Well fed and Fasting
1
By
Dr. Asif Javaid (PhD)
Department of Animal Nutrition, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, Bahawalpur
6. Metabolism of nutrients in well fed
6
➢Metabolism of carbohydrates in well fed state in non-ruminants
➢Metabolism of carbohydrates in well fed in ruminants
15. Well fed and fasting
15
If the intake of metabolic fuels is consistently greater than
energy expenditure, the surplus is stored, largely as
triacylglycerol in adipose tissue, leading to the development
of obesity and its associated health hazards. By contrast, if the
intake of metabolic fuels is consistently lower than energy
expenditure, there are negligible reserves of fat and
carbohydrate, and amino acids arising from protein turnover
are used for energy-yielding metabolism rather than
replacement protein synthesis, leading to emaciation,
wasting, and, eventually, death
16. Well fed and fasting
16
In the well fed state, after a meal, there is an ample supply of carbohydrate, and the
metabolic fuel for most tissues is glucose. In the fasting state, glucose must be
spared for use by the central nervous system (which is largely dependent on
glucose) and the red blood cells (which are wholly reliant on glucose). Therefore,
tissues that can use fuels other than glucose do so; muscle and liver oxidize fatty
acids and the liver synthesizes ketone bodies from fatty acids to export to muscle
and other tissues. As glycogen reserves become depleted, amino acids arising from
protein turnover are used for gluconeogenesis.
17. Well fed and fasting
17
The formation and utilization of reserves of triacylglycerol and glycogen,
the extent to which tissues take up and oxidize glucose, are largely contro
by the hormones insulin and glucagon. In diabetes mellitus, there is e
impaired synthesis and secretion of insulin (type I diabetes or insu
dependent diabetes) or impaired sensitivity of tissues to insulin action (typ
diabetes, sometimes called adult-onset or noninsulin-dependent diabe
leading to severe metabolic imbalance. In cattle, the demands of he
lactation can lead to ketosis, as can the demands of twin pregnancy in she
18. T
18
In ruminants, dietary cellulose is
fermented by symbiotic
microorganisms to short-chain fatty
acids (acetic, propionic, butyric),
and metabolism in these animals is
adapted to use these fatty acids as
major substrates.
67. Ketone Bodies are an Alternate Energy Source
During Fasting
Short-term fast: Fatty acids are source of ketone bodies
Long-term fast: Amino acids are source of ketone bodies
Favored during fatty acid catabolism due to
high NADH/NAD+ ratio
slow
68. Next Slides are only supporting slides. Just for understanding
68
73. 73
Overview of fatty acid metabolism showing
the major pathways and end products. The
ketone bodies are acetoacetate, 3-
hydroxybutyrate, and acetone (which is
formed non-enzymically by decarboxylation
of acetoacetate)
