The document discusses mosquito-borne diseases and prevention efforts. It describes mosquito breeding habitats near the author's home and community, including a stream and garden areas. It outlines methods for controlling mosquito larvae populations, such as eliminating breeding sites, biological controls, and insecticides. The local health department provides information on preventing mosquito bites and checking for breeding areas. As a public health nurse, the author believes it is important to educate the community on eliminating breeding grounds and reducing mosquito numbers collaboratively.
APA format. 350 words. scholar authors. Please see referencesAc.docxYASHU40
APA format. 350 words. scholar authors. Please see references
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2016), a vaccination has not been found to prevent the Zika virus, a disease that has been transmitted to humans through mosquito bites from mosquitoes that are most active during the day. Zika has been found in many countries around the globe, and its range is expanding. The symptoms of Zika are generally mild, last about a week, and include fever, rash, joint pain, and/or conjunctivitis. Symptoms are generally so mild that many victims will not know they have been infected, but about 20% of those individuals who are bitten will develop Zika. The most concerning symptom of Zika affects pregnant women, whose babies may develop microcephaly.
In general, the CDC (2016) has recommended that people wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants when outside and apply insect repellant beforehand to avoid getting bitten. People who possibly have been infected with the Zika virus are urged to use a condom during sexual contact to avoid spreading the virus to others. In fact, some countries, such as El Salvador, have recommended that women avoid pregnancy for the next two years (
The New York Times,
1/25/16). The CDC has also recommended that any vessels or containers of open water be protected from access to mosquitoes so that breeding cycles are disrupted. Brazil has begun a massive campaign to stop mosquitoes from accessing breeding grounds by closing their access to water collection systems and other sources of standing or still water. Could something like the Zika virus begin in your neighborhood?
In this Discussion, you will examine your neighborhood through the eyes of the public health nurse or a nurse epidemiologist.
To prepare for this Discussion:
Walk around a two-block radius near where you live or work.
Look to see if you can spot any areas where mosquitoes may reproduce. These sites may include abandoned tires, rainwater collection systems that have been installed at homes, parks or golf courses, low sections at roadsides or near sidewalks, and the like. You may include pictures of sites that you find to enhance your discussion thread.
Note any positive or negative findings that you observe. Have steps been taken to prevent mosquito breeding?
Find out what your community health department does for mosquito abatement.
Discover who in your community you would contact to report deficiencies/negative findings.
Determine what you can do, as a PHN, to change policy to reduce mosquito breeding grounds in your neighborhood.
By Day 3
Post
your findings regarding mosquito breeding grounds in a two-block radius near where you live or work. Include any preventative strategies you can see that are already in place. Report on the role your local health department plays in mosquito abatement and to whom you would report negative findings. Then, describe your role as a BSN in changing policy to ensure a healthier .
Week 4 Public Health Threats, Emergencies, and DisastersPublic he.docxjane3dyson92312
Week 4: Public Health Threats, Emergencies, and Disasters
Public health threats, emergencies, and disasters are as diverse as they are devastating to a population. Infections such as pandemic influenza outbreaks cause severe illness and often death in susceptible populations like the very young or old. Disasters such as these require rapid response to vaccinate susceptible populations and educate the public on how to protect themselves from contracting the disease.
Natural disasters like tsunamis, hurricanes, sudden heavy snowstorms or blizzards, and flooding also jeopardize health. These types of disasters create environmental health concerns through the spread of toxic waste, increased water-borne infections and insect-borne disease, as well as loss of power or the inability to navigate roadways during floods or blizzards. In addition, natural disasters create environmental concerns such as low food supply, destruction of crops and livestock, and lack of clean water. Natural catastrophes like these are predicted to increase in frequency and severity as long as climate change with increasing global temperatures continues unchecked through slow reaction or frank inaction by governments.
Organizations across the globe are developing strategies for decreasing their carbon footprint in order to reduce pollution that contributes to climate change. Because no one is immune from this hazard, nurses must have a grasp of the growing concern for the impact of climate change and its associated implications for public health worldwide. It is important for nurses to learn how to increase their leadership capabilities to affect local, state, and national outcomes.
This week, you will consider the role of the nurse in preventing illnesses due to environmental issues. Additionally, you will discuss the role of nurses in developing health promotion and health protection strategies to address global climate change health concerns.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
Analyze the role of the nurse in preventing illnesses due to environmental issues
Analyze the implications of global climate change on health*
*The Assignment related to this Learning Objective is introduced this week and submitted in Week 5.
Photo Credit: Photograph by Michael Rieger taken on 09/01/2005 in Louisiana - 15091. FEMA.
Learning Resources
Note:
To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the
Course Materials
section of your Syllabus.
Required Readings
Holtz, C. (2013).
Global health care: Issues and policies
(2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 14, “Global Perspectives on Nutrition” (pp. 355–384)
Chapter 16, “Global Perspectives on Environmental Health” (pp. 409–427)
Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2016).
Public health nursing: Population-centered health care in the community
(9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Chapter 10, “Environmental Health” (pp. 217–241)
Public Health Nursing: Population-Cen.
SAFEASSIGNCHECKTEST - CSU SAFEASSIGN PLAGIARISM CHECK TOOL
SafeAssign Originality Report Generator III
Shaundreka Lowery
on Sun, Sep 08 2019, 12:04 PM
48% highest match
Submission ID: 5466e2eb-99a4-44e3-9624-2e95c4bca988
Attachments (1)
Case Study 7.docx
1 DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH IN YOUR
COMMUNITY THAT HAS PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES.
Addressing the Determinant AIDS
1 DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH IN YOUR
COMMUNITY THAT HAS PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES.
Stillwaggon (2000) shows that “HIV/AIDS has developed below diverse conditions
around the world”. For instance, in the industrialized countries, ‘what commenced as
an epidemic amongst guys who have intercourse with men and then needle sharing
drug users, is now increasingly concentrated in negative and marginalized sectors of
the population’. In Africa and South Asia, ‘the AIDS epidemic is nearly entirely
among heterosexual non-drug users. Latin America represents a composite of the
(http://safeassign.blackboard.com/)
Case Study 7.docx
Word Count: 1,194
Attachment ID: 2097172046
48%
Page 1 of 13SafeAssign Originality Report
9/8/2019https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
industrial and growing worlds both in its monetary overall performance and its HIV
epidemics’. While it is acknowledged that “social determinants of fitness have an
effect on a person’s risk of HIV infection, the velocity with which HIV contamination
will growth to AIDS and a person’s capability to control and live with
HIV/AIDS” (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2006), these social determinants can
be categorized in a wide variety of ways. For instance, as counseled through Pound
stone et al. (2004), these can focus on structural factors, social factors, character
factors and HIV transmission dynamics. To be useful for research, programmatic
and coverage purposes, the categorizations need to add explanatory power to the
conceivable pathways between factors and outcomes, and no longer certainly be a
laundry list of societal aspects. Furthermore, the meaning and relevance of these
determinants may additionally range notably relying on the regional context as. For
this cause we will at the beginning evaluation the social determinants of HIV/AIDS
from a North American (Canada and the USA) unique perspective, and then from an
emerging markets nations perspective.
1 DESCRIBE HOW THE COMMUNITY IS PRESENTLY TACKLING THE
PROBLEM THROUGH THE LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Local health department in our society is a non profit organization. And along with
this local organization some organizations are working same for the prevention of
AIDS and their roles are as follows:
Because of their capacity to more effortlessly provide services to high-risk groups,
non-governmental agencies (NGOs) will play a quintessential function in any
profitable AIDS prevention program.
7 Best Ways to avoid catching Viral Diseases | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
Here are the 7 Best Ways to avoid catching Viral Diseases; 1. Clean your hands 2. Do not share personal items 3. Cover your mouth 4. Get vaccinated 5. Exercise food safety
This presentation is dedicated to the eradication project undertaken by Carter Center of Guinea worms in tropical region and propose some longtime solutions for this disease which has no cure.
APA format. 350 words. scholar authors. Please see referencesAc.docxYASHU40
APA format. 350 words. scholar authors. Please see references
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2016), a vaccination has not been found to prevent the Zika virus, a disease that has been transmitted to humans through mosquito bites from mosquitoes that are most active during the day. Zika has been found in many countries around the globe, and its range is expanding. The symptoms of Zika are generally mild, last about a week, and include fever, rash, joint pain, and/or conjunctivitis. Symptoms are generally so mild that many victims will not know they have been infected, but about 20% of those individuals who are bitten will develop Zika. The most concerning symptom of Zika affects pregnant women, whose babies may develop microcephaly.
In general, the CDC (2016) has recommended that people wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants when outside and apply insect repellant beforehand to avoid getting bitten. People who possibly have been infected with the Zika virus are urged to use a condom during sexual contact to avoid spreading the virus to others. In fact, some countries, such as El Salvador, have recommended that women avoid pregnancy for the next two years (
The New York Times,
1/25/16). The CDC has also recommended that any vessels or containers of open water be protected from access to mosquitoes so that breeding cycles are disrupted. Brazil has begun a massive campaign to stop mosquitoes from accessing breeding grounds by closing their access to water collection systems and other sources of standing or still water. Could something like the Zika virus begin in your neighborhood?
In this Discussion, you will examine your neighborhood through the eyes of the public health nurse or a nurse epidemiologist.
To prepare for this Discussion:
Walk around a two-block radius near where you live or work.
Look to see if you can spot any areas where mosquitoes may reproduce. These sites may include abandoned tires, rainwater collection systems that have been installed at homes, parks or golf courses, low sections at roadsides or near sidewalks, and the like. You may include pictures of sites that you find to enhance your discussion thread.
Note any positive or negative findings that you observe. Have steps been taken to prevent mosquito breeding?
Find out what your community health department does for mosquito abatement.
Discover who in your community you would contact to report deficiencies/negative findings.
Determine what you can do, as a PHN, to change policy to reduce mosquito breeding grounds in your neighborhood.
By Day 3
Post
your findings regarding mosquito breeding grounds in a two-block radius near where you live or work. Include any preventative strategies you can see that are already in place. Report on the role your local health department plays in mosquito abatement and to whom you would report negative findings. Then, describe your role as a BSN in changing policy to ensure a healthier .
Week 4 Public Health Threats, Emergencies, and DisastersPublic he.docxjane3dyson92312
Week 4: Public Health Threats, Emergencies, and Disasters
Public health threats, emergencies, and disasters are as diverse as they are devastating to a population. Infections such as pandemic influenza outbreaks cause severe illness and often death in susceptible populations like the very young or old. Disasters such as these require rapid response to vaccinate susceptible populations and educate the public on how to protect themselves from contracting the disease.
Natural disasters like tsunamis, hurricanes, sudden heavy snowstorms or blizzards, and flooding also jeopardize health. These types of disasters create environmental health concerns through the spread of toxic waste, increased water-borne infections and insect-borne disease, as well as loss of power or the inability to navigate roadways during floods or blizzards. In addition, natural disasters create environmental concerns such as low food supply, destruction of crops and livestock, and lack of clean water. Natural catastrophes like these are predicted to increase in frequency and severity as long as climate change with increasing global temperatures continues unchecked through slow reaction or frank inaction by governments.
Organizations across the globe are developing strategies for decreasing their carbon footprint in order to reduce pollution that contributes to climate change. Because no one is immune from this hazard, nurses must have a grasp of the growing concern for the impact of climate change and its associated implications for public health worldwide. It is important for nurses to learn how to increase their leadership capabilities to affect local, state, and national outcomes.
This week, you will consider the role of the nurse in preventing illnesses due to environmental issues. Additionally, you will discuss the role of nurses in developing health promotion and health protection strategies to address global climate change health concerns.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
Analyze the role of the nurse in preventing illnesses due to environmental issues
Analyze the implications of global climate change on health*
*The Assignment related to this Learning Objective is introduced this week and submitted in Week 5.
Photo Credit: Photograph by Michael Rieger taken on 09/01/2005 in Louisiana - 15091. FEMA.
Learning Resources
Note:
To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the
Course Materials
section of your Syllabus.
Required Readings
Holtz, C. (2013).
Global health care: Issues and policies
(2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 14, “Global Perspectives on Nutrition” (pp. 355–384)
Chapter 16, “Global Perspectives on Environmental Health” (pp. 409–427)
Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2016).
Public health nursing: Population-centered health care in the community
(9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Chapter 10, “Environmental Health” (pp. 217–241)
Public Health Nursing: Population-Cen.
SAFEASSIGNCHECKTEST - CSU SAFEASSIGN PLAGIARISM CHECK TOOL
SafeAssign Originality Report Generator III
Shaundreka Lowery
on Sun, Sep 08 2019, 12:04 PM
48% highest match
Submission ID: 5466e2eb-99a4-44e3-9624-2e95c4bca988
Attachments (1)
Case Study 7.docx
1 DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH IN YOUR
COMMUNITY THAT HAS PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES.
Addressing the Determinant AIDS
1 DESCRIBE A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH IN YOUR
COMMUNITY THAT HAS PRODUCED HEALTH RISKS AND
OUTCOMES.
Stillwaggon (2000) shows that “HIV/AIDS has developed below diverse conditions
around the world”. For instance, in the industrialized countries, ‘what commenced as
an epidemic amongst guys who have intercourse with men and then needle sharing
drug users, is now increasingly concentrated in negative and marginalized sectors of
the population’. In Africa and South Asia, ‘the AIDS epidemic is nearly entirely
among heterosexual non-drug users. Latin America represents a composite of the
(http://safeassign.blackboard.com/)
Case Study 7.docx
Word Count: 1,194
Attachment ID: 2097172046
48%
Page 1 of 13SafeAssign Originality Report
9/8/2019https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-bb_bb60/originalityReportPrint?cours...
industrial and growing worlds both in its monetary overall performance and its HIV
epidemics’. While it is acknowledged that “social determinants of fitness have an
effect on a person’s risk of HIV infection, the velocity with which HIV contamination
will growth to AIDS and a person’s capability to control and live with
HIV/AIDS” (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2006), these social determinants can
be categorized in a wide variety of ways. For instance, as counseled through Pound
stone et al. (2004), these can focus on structural factors, social factors, character
factors and HIV transmission dynamics. To be useful for research, programmatic
and coverage purposes, the categorizations need to add explanatory power to the
conceivable pathways between factors and outcomes, and no longer certainly be a
laundry list of societal aspects. Furthermore, the meaning and relevance of these
determinants may additionally range notably relying on the regional context as. For
this cause we will at the beginning evaluation the social determinants of HIV/AIDS
from a North American (Canada and the USA) unique perspective, and then from an
emerging markets nations perspective.
1 DESCRIBE HOW THE COMMUNITY IS PRESENTLY TACKLING THE
PROBLEM THROUGH THE LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT.
Local health department in our society is a non profit organization. And along with
this local organization some organizations are working same for the prevention of
AIDS and their roles are as follows:
Because of their capacity to more effortlessly provide services to high-risk groups,
non-governmental agencies (NGOs) will play a quintessential function in any
profitable AIDS prevention program.
7 Best Ways to avoid catching Viral Diseases | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
Here are the 7 Best Ways to avoid catching Viral Diseases; 1. Clean your hands 2. Do not share personal items 3. Cover your mouth 4. Get vaccinated 5. Exercise food safety
This presentation is dedicated to the eradication project undertaken by Carter Center of Guinea worms in tropical region and propose some longtime solutions for this disease which has no cure.
Week 3 Epidemiology, the Basis for Public HealthThe study of epid.docxnealralix138661
Week 3: Epidemiology, the Basis for Public Health
The study of epidemiology includes the examination of infectious disease, mental health and health-related events such as accidents or violence, and occupational and environmental exposure and their effects, as well as the examination of positive health states (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2016). Additionally, the study of epidemiology includes research into the morbidity and mortality of chronic illnesses that are found in the United States and across the globe. Infectious diseases like polio, TB, measles, and malaria have been almost eliminated in the United States; however, these diseases continue in other parts of the world for a variety of reasons. Highly contagious infectious diseases can and do lead to death despite the fact that many are preventable. The United States has used childhood vaccinations to prevent and eradicate illnesses such as smallpox and polio. In order to reduce the incidence of malaria in the United States, DDT—a known carcinogen in humans that is also toxic to birds—and other pesticides were used in the past and have since been replaced with nontoxic insecticides and larvicides to reduce the numbers of mosquitoes.
Unfortunately, developing countries often do not have the resources to engage in the same sorts of prevention programs and may have to resort to unsafe or toxic means to control vectors. They may not have the financial resources or health care personnel available to engage in mass vaccination campaigns. In addition, countries that experience frequent wars, acts of terrorism, and political instability face additional challenges to the provision of health care to their populations, especially when faced with an outbreak of an infectious disease.
This week, you will focus on the epidemiology of infectious and communicable disease and how nursing practices change in response to threats and outbreaks.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
Analyze public health settings in relation to prevention of disease transmission
Analyze public health nurse’s role in outbreak investigations
Apply the epidemiological triangle for an infectious or communicable disease outbreak
Analyze leadership roles of nurses in bringing an outbreak under control
Evaluate nursing strategies for health promotion in mitigating outbreaks
Photo Credit: IAN HOOTON/Science Photo Library/Getty Images
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Holtz, C. (2013).
Global health care: Issues and policies
(2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 7, “Infectious Diseases from a Global Perspective” (pp. 159–182)
Chapter 13, “Global Perspectives on Violence, Injury, and Occupational Health” (pp. 325–354)
Chapter 15, “Global Perspectives on Mental Health” (pp. 385–408)
Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2016).
Public health nursing: Population-centered health care in the community
(9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Chapter 13, “Infectious Disease Prevention and Control” (pp. 286–318)
Public Health Nursing: Po.
Every year, influenza, or the flu affects not just our health, but often the bottom line for many businesses. Regardless if an employer is large or small, the flu can be a big disruption and its true financial impact may be more than you think.
Access to credible information is important during any public health crisis. Faculty in the OSU Center for Small Farms and Community Food systems are working with community partners to provide current information that is relevant for small farms and local food systems. As the pandemic progresses, we may update or add to these Frequently Asked Questions.
200 words for each response.1) Social Determinants and Dis.docxnovabroom
200 words for each response.
1)
Social Determinants and Disease Development
Social determinants of health are conditions in which a person is born in to – social, economic and physical conditions to include resources and daily needs, biases, crime and violence statistics, community support, availability of sending and receiving communication, education quality and community, etc., each impacts an individuals daily activities, health, wellness and evidence of disease. Individual behaviors will also support or not, the chain of events that lead to health or illness. Although many circumstances may prevent wellness, it is up to the individual how these circumstances will impact their life.
Chain of Infection
The chain of infection is comprised of six units; the infectious agent or the germ; the reservoir or where the pathogen lives; portal of exit, why and how the infectious agent exits it reservoir; mode of transmission, how it is passed on; portal of entry, how the infectious agent enters its new host; and the susceptible host which can be any person or animal.
How the Community Health Nurse Can Break the Chain of Infection
Community nurses and education are at the center of breaking communicable disease processes from spreading, surveillance of and prevention. In order to stop the infectious agent from spreading it is imperative to break the link of transmission. Hand hygiene, vaccination, prevention of spreading an organism could include education on the importance of covering your cough or sneeze, isolate the person or persons infected, use of personal protective equipment when indicated, especially in healthcare settings, utilizing antibiotics wisely. At home and beyond, maintain and clean your home especially the high use areas such as countertops, faucets, light switches, bathroom surfaces, keyboards or cell phones, doorknobs or the steering wheel of your car. In grocery stores, utilize the antiseptic wipes to wipe down cart handles, etc. If you find yourself or a loved one as a patient in a hospital or clinic setting, speak up, call out anyone who enters your room to utilize hand sanitizers prior to engaging in your care. All are ways to break the link and to prevent spread of infectious agents.
Improve community knowledge and information of possible outbreaks and the steps needed to contain the infectious agent. Through collaboration with local healthcare professionals, social media or television, provide hyperlinks to public health forums or available telephone numbers for social support services. Community health nurses need to be well informed and educated in surveillance statistics of their local area in order to break the chain of infection.
References
Clark, M. J. (2015).
Population and community health
nursing (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson
Chapter 3
Infection Prevention and You. Break the Chain of Infection. Retrieved from (professional.site.
apic.org)
Prevent.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
A S K T H E E X P E R TChildren exposed to bats Evidence-.docxannetnash8266
A S K T H E E X P E R T
Children exposed to bats: Evidence-based
management strategies
John S. Murray, Marcia K. Stephens, and Parag M. Amin
Column Editor: Martin Schiavenato
Ask the Expert provides research-based answers to practice questions submitted by JSPN readers.
Search terms
Bat exposure, children, rabies
Author contact
[email protected], with a copy to the Editor:
[email protected]
Disclosure: The authors report no actual or
potential conflicts of interest.
doi: 10.1111/jspn.12082
Question: What are the current recommenda-
tions for pediatric healthcare professionals
managing bat exposure in children?
John S. Murray, PhD, RN, CPNP, FAAN, Marcia
K. Stephens, RN, and Parag M. Amin, MD
respond: In the United States, there are approxi-
mately 40 different species of bats. While most bats are
harmless, and various types are even beneficial (e.g.,
those that feed on insects harmful to crops), some may
be infected with, and transmit, rabies. Public health
concern regarding rabies has changed dramatically
over the past several decades. Before the 1960s, most
cases of rabies involved domestic animals (e.g., dogs
and cats). Today the primary hosts for rabies are wild
predatory animals (e.g., raccoon, fox, and coyote) and
bats. In fact, in the United States, the most common
source of rabies transmission to humans is from bats
(Figure 1; Baker, 2012; Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention [CDC], 2011a; CDC Advisory
Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP], 2008;
National Association of State Public Health
Veterinarians, 2011). While death from rabies is a rare
occurrence in the United States, it is estimated that
16,000–39,000 people annually are exposed to poten-
tially rabid animals requiring post-exposure care (CDC
Immunization Action Coalition, 2013).
TYPES OF EXPOSURE
Under most circumstances, two types of exposure to
bats are possible: bite and non-bite (CDC, 2011b; CDC
ACIP, 2008; DeMaria, 2014). Bites are defined as any
penetration of the skin by the teeth of a bat. This route
of exposure is considered to be the most serious.
However, bat bites are often so small, and with limited
injury, that they go unnoticed (Figure 2). Rabies
exposure can also occur when the virus, from poten-
tially infectious secretions of the bat such as saliva,
come in contact with open cuts, scratches, abrasions,
or the mucous membranes of a child. Other situations
that qualify as exposure include a bat found in prox-
imity to a child who is not able to describe what hap-
pened or who is unable to rule out the occurrence of
direct contact, or a parent who witnesses a live bat in a
room where a child was unattended at the time (e.g.,
bedroom, playroom). Additionally, a bat located on
the floor where an infant, toddler, or child with
sensory or mental impairment is situated is also con-
sidered to be a contact risk. If there is ever a question
regarding exposure, state and local health depart-
ments should be contacted for guidance. The type of
c.
Week 3 Epidemiology, the Basis for Public HealthThe study of epid.docxnealralix138661
Week 3: Epidemiology, the Basis for Public Health
The study of epidemiology includes the examination of infectious disease, mental health and health-related events such as accidents or violence, and occupational and environmental exposure and their effects, as well as the examination of positive health states (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2016). Additionally, the study of epidemiology includes research into the morbidity and mortality of chronic illnesses that are found in the United States and across the globe. Infectious diseases like polio, TB, measles, and malaria have been almost eliminated in the United States; however, these diseases continue in other parts of the world for a variety of reasons. Highly contagious infectious diseases can and do lead to death despite the fact that many are preventable. The United States has used childhood vaccinations to prevent and eradicate illnesses such as smallpox and polio. In order to reduce the incidence of malaria in the United States, DDT—a known carcinogen in humans that is also toxic to birds—and other pesticides were used in the past and have since been replaced with nontoxic insecticides and larvicides to reduce the numbers of mosquitoes.
Unfortunately, developing countries often do not have the resources to engage in the same sorts of prevention programs and may have to resort to unsafe or toxic means to control vectors. They may not have the financial resources or health care personnel available to engage in mass vaccination campaigns. In addition, countries that experience frequent wars, acts of terrorism, and political instability face additional challenges to the provision of health care to their populations, especially when faced with an outbreak of an infectious disease.
This week, you will focus on the epidemiology of infectious and communicable disease and how nursing practices change in response to threats and outbreaks.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
Analyze public health settings in relation to prevention of disease transmission
Analyze public health nurse’s role in outbreak investigations
Apply the epidemiological triangle for an infectious or communicable disease outbreak
Analyze leadership roles of nurses in bringing an outbreak under control
Evaluate nursing strategies for health promotion in mitigating outbreaks
Photo Credit: IAN HOOTON/Science Photo Library/Getty Images
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Holtz, C. (2013).
Global health care: Issues and policies
(2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Chapter 7, “Infectious Diseases from a Global Perspective” (pp. 159–182)
Chapter 13, “Global Perspectives on Violence, Injury, and Occupational Health” (pp. 325–354)
Chapter 15, “Global Perspectives on Mental Health” (pp. 385–408)
Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2016).
Public health nursing: Population-centered health care in the community
(9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Chapter 13, “Infectious Disease Prevention and Control” (pp. 286–318)
Public Health Nursing: Po.
Every year, influenza, or the flu affects not just our health, but often the bottom line for many businesses. Regardless if an employer is large or small, the flu can be a big disruption and its true financial impact may be more than you think.
Access to credible information is important during any public health crisis. Faculty in the OSU Center for Small Farms and Community Food systems are working with community partners to provide current information that is relevant for small farms and local food systems. As the pandemic progresses, we may update or add to these Frequently Asked Questions.
200 words for each response.1) Social Determinants and Dis.docxnovabroom
200 words for each response.
1)
Social Determinants and Disease Development
Social determinants of health are conditions in which a person is born in to – social, economic and physical conditions to include resources and daily needs, biases, crime and violence statistics, community support, availability of sending and receiving communication, education quality and community, etc., each impacts an individuals daily activities, health, wellness and evidence of disease. Individual behaviors will also support or not, the chain of events that lead to health or illness. Although many circumstances may prevent wellness, it is up to the individual how these circumstances will impact their life.
Chain of Infection
The chain of infection is comprised of six units; the infectious agent or the germ; the reservoir or where the pathogen lives; portal of exit, why and how the infectious agent exits it reservoir; mode of transmission, how it is passed on; portal of entry, how the infectious agent enters its new host; and the susceptible host which can be any person or animal.
How the Community Health Nurse Can Break the Chain of Infection
Community nurses and education are at the center of breaking communicable disease processes from spreading, surveillance of and prevention. In order to stop the infectious agent from spreading it is imperative to break the link of transmission. Hand hygiene, vaccination, prevention of spreading an organism could include education on the importance of covering your cough or sneeze, isolate the person or persons infected, use of personal protective equipment when indicated, especially in healthcare settings, utilizing antibiotics wisely. At home and beyond, maintain and clean your home especially the high use areas such as countertops, faucets, light switches, bathroom surfaces, keyboards or cell phones, doorknobs or the steering wheel of your car. In grocery stores, utilize the antiseptic wipes to wipe down cart handles, etc. If you find yourself or a loved one as a patient in a hospital or clinic setting, speak up, call out anyone who enters your room to utilize hand sanitizers prior to engaging in your care. All are ways to break the link and to prevent spread of infectious agents.
Improve community knowledge and information of possible outbreaks and the steps needed to contain the infectious agent. Through collaboration with local healthcare professionals, social media or television, provide hyperlinks to public health forums or available telephone numbers for social support services. Community health nurses need to be well informed and educated in surveillance statistics of their local area in order to break the chain of infection.
References
Clark, M. J. (2015).
Population and community health
nursing (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson
Chapter 3
Infection Prevention and You. Break the Chain of Infection. Retrieved from (professional.site.
apic.org)
Prevent.
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A S K T H E E X P E R TChildren exposed to bats Evidence-.docxannetnash8266
A S K T H E E X P E R T
Children exposed to bats: Evidence-based
management strategies
John S. Murray, Marcia K. Stephens, and Parag M. Amin
Column Editor: Martin Schiavenato
Ask the Expert provides research-based answers to practice questions submitted by JSPN readers.
Search terms
Bat exposure, children, rabies
Author contact
[email protected], with a copy to the Editor:
[email protected]
Disclosure: The authors report no actual or
potential conflicts of interest.
doi: 10.1111/jspn.12082
Question: What are the current recommenda-
tions for pediatric healthcare professionals
managing bat exposure in children?
John S. Murray, PhD, RN, CPNP, FAAN, Marcia
K. Stephens, RN, and Parag M. Amin, MD
respond: In the United States, there are approxi-
mately 40 different species of bats. While most bats are
harmless, and various types are even beneficial (e.g.,
those that feed on insects harmful to crops), some may
be infected with, and transmit, rabies. Public health
concern regarding rabies has changed dramatically
over the past several decades. Before the 1960s, most
cases of rabies involved domestic animals (e.g., dogs
and cats). Today the primary hosts for rabies are wild
predatory animals (e.g., raccoon, fox, and coyote) and
bats. In fact, in the United States, the most common
source of rabies transmission to humans is from bats
(Figure 1; Baker, 2012; Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention [CDC], 2011a; CDC Advisory
Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP], 2008;
National Association of State Public Health
Veterinarians, 2011). While death from rabies is a rare
occurrence in the United States, it is estimated that
16,000–39,000 people annually are exposed to poten-
tially rabid animals requiring post-exposure care (CDC
Immunization Action Coalition, 2013).
TYPES OF EXPOSURE
Under most circumstances, two types of exposure to
bats are possible: bite and non-bite (CDC, 2011b; CDC
ACIP, 2008; DeMaria, 2014). Bites are defined as any
penetration of the skin by the teeth of a bat. This route
of exposure is considered to be the most serious.
However, bat bites are often so small, and with limited
injury, that they go unnoticed (Figure 2). Rabies
exposure can also occur when the virus, from poten-
tially infectious secretions of the bat such as saliva,
come in contact with open cuts, scratches, abrasions,
or the mucous membranes of a child. Other situations
that qualify as exposure include a bat found in prox-
imity to a child who is not able to describe what hap-
pened or who is unable to rule out the occurrence of
direct contact, or a parent who witnesses a live bat in a
room where a child was unattended at the time (e.g.,
bedroom, playroom). Additionally, a bat located on
the floor where an infant, toddler, or child with
sensory or mental impairment is situated is also con-
sidered to be a contact risk. If there is ever a question
regarding exposure, state and local health depart-
ments should be contacted for guidance. The type of
c.
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1. Nurses Working to Prevent Disease at Home Essay Paper
Nurses Working to Prevent Disease at Home Essay PaperMosquitoes are a nuisance here in
Allen. Each time we go to the garden, my family members come bitten by mosquitoes. It is
worst near the nearby waterfall, but they all over our garden. We reside near an area that
has developed and has a stream that flows next to it. That is where many of our issues
began. Several mosquito species are found here in Allen. Notably, just the females feed on
blood, while males feed on nectar, as well as other juices found in plants. Female
mosquitoes require an extra protein supply before eggs can develop. Females also consume
plant juices and nectar and use this source of food for metabolism and flight purposes
Nurses Working to Prevent Disease at Home Essay Paper.As per the Department of Health
of Allen County, a mosquito control scheme cannot be designed or enforced until surveys
are performed to distinguish the species present here, their comparative prosperity, and the
distribution of breeding grounds (Quarterly, 2016).ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER
HERELarval assessments are the main method of assessing if protection mechanisms can be
implemented in aquatic areas. A white dipper fitted with a long stick is the most widely
used collection device.The ability to control the population of mosquitoes focuses on
managing the larvae. The management of mosquito larvae can be achieved either by
eliminating or minimizing breeding places, using biological control techniques, or by direct
addition of chemical insecticides to breeding grounds that are difficult to get rid of. Another
means of achieving a reduction of breeding ground numbers to reduce the number of
breeding sites is a thorough cleaning of the property. This involves cleaning or disposal of
plastic sheets, old tires, and pop cans, and other objects that can keep water Nurses
Working to Prevent Disease at Home Essay Paper.My county health department, the Allen
County Health Department, offers recommendations on their webpage to prevent potential
mosquito bites during the summer. They give a video with information on the means of
doing this, as well as details on what to check for when searching for breeding areas.I
believe that it is important to keep community people active as a public health nurse. the
benefit of a public health nurse involving the community is that a public health nurse will be
capable of informing the community about how to eliminate breeding grounds and what
efforts they can make to effectively minimize the number of mosquitoes in their community
(Bodner et al., 2016) Nurses Working to Prevent Disease at Home Essay
Paper.ReferenceBodner, D., LaDeau, S., Biehier, D., Kirchoff, N., Leisnham, P. (May 12 2016).
Effectiveness-of Print Education at Reducing Urban Mosquito Infestation through Improved
Resident-Based Management. Retrieved from https://eds-b-ebscohost-
2. com.exp.waldenulibrary-.org/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&sid=b5f86730-68a5-4170-
8b28-Quarterly, E. D. (2016, May 10). Kentucky mosquitoes. The #1 Resource for Horse
Farms, Stables and Riding Instructors | Stable Management.
https://stablemanagement.com/articles/kentucky-mosquitoes-52987Mosquitoes. (n.d.).
Allen County Department of Health | The Allen County Department of Health strives to
promote the health, safety, and well-being of all residents.
https://www.allencountyhealth.com/get-informed/environmental-health-
hazards/healthy-homes-2/pest-control/mosquitoes/ Nurses Working to Prevent Disease at
Home Essay PaperAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
(2016), a vaccination has not been found to prevent the Zika virus, a disease that has been
transmitted to humans through mosquito bites from mosquitoes that are most active during
the day. Zika has been found in many countries around the globe, and its range is expanding.
The symptoms of Zika are generally mild, last about a week, and include fever, rash, joint
pain, and/or conjunctivitis. Symptoms are generally so mild that many victims will not
know they have been infected, but about 20% of those individuals who are bitten will
develop Zika. The most concerning symptom of Zika affects pregnant women, whose babies
may develop microcephaly. In general, the CDC (2016) has recommended that people wear
long-sleeved shirts and long pants when outside and apply insect repellant beforehand to
avoid getting bitten. People who possibly have been infected with the Zika virus are urged
to use a condom during sexual contact to avoid spreading the virus to others. In fact, some
countries, such as El Salvador, have recommended that women avoid pregnancy for the next
two years (The New York Times, 1/25/16). The CDC has also recommended that any
vessels or containers of open water be protected from access to mosquitoes so that
breeding cycles are disrupted. Brazil has begun a massive campaign to stop mosquitoes
from accessing breeding grounds by closing their access to water collection systems and
other sources of standing or still water. Could something like the Zika virus begin in your
neighborhood? In this Discussion, you will examine your neighborhood through the eyes of
the public health nurse or a nurse epidemiologist. To prepare for this Discussion: Walk
around a two-block radius near where you live or work. Look to see if you can spot any
areas where mosquitoes may reproduce Nurses Working to Prevent Disease at Home Essay
Paper.These sites may include abandoned tires, rainwater collection systems that have been
installed at homes, parks or golf courses, low sections at roadsides or near sidewalks, and
the like. You may include pictures of sites that you find to enhance your discussion thread.
Note any positive or negative findings that you observe. Have steps been taken to prevent
mosquito breeding? Find out what your community health department does for mosquito
abatement. Discover who in your community you would contact to report
deficiencies/negative findings. Determine what you can do, as a PHN, to change policy to
reduce mosquito breeding grounds in your neighborhood. Post your findings regarding
mosquito breeding grounds in a two-block radius near where you live or work. Include any
preventative strategies you can see that are already in place. Report on the role your local
health department plays in mosquito abatement and to whom you would report negative
findings. Then, describe your role as a BSN in changing policy to ensure a healthier climate
(reduced mosquito breeding grounds) in your neighborhood. Support your response with
3. references from the professional nursing literature A 3-paragraph (at least 350 words)
response. Be sure to use evidence from the readings and include in-text citations. Utilize
essay-level writing practice and skills, including the use of transitional material and
organizational frames. Avoid quotes; paraphrase to incorporate evidence into your own
writing. A reference list is required. Use the most current evidence (usually ≤ 5 years old).
This has to written in APA 7th edition and sources have to 5 years or less Nurses Working to
Prevent Disease at Home Essay Paper
