This document defines and explains various types of numbers including perfect squares, square roots, the radical sign, principle square roots, irrational numbers, real numbers, natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, and rational numbers. Perfect squares are whole numbers whose square equals the number, and square roots are factors of a number whose square equals that number. Irrational numbers cannot be expressed as a ratio of integers, while real numbers include both rational and irrational numbers. Natural numbers are positive whole numbers starting at 1, whole numbers include 0, and integers include both positive and negative whole numbers and their opposites. Rational numbers can be expressed as a ratio of two integers.