The document discusses different types of numbers in the number system. It defines real numbers as any number that can be found on the number line, and categorizes real numbers as rational numbers, which can be written as fractions, and irrational numbers, which cannot. Integers are whole numbers that are not fractions or decimals, while whole numbers are positive integers. The document then provides steps for converting decimals to fractions when the decimal terminates or repeats, with examples for each case.