SlideShare a Scribd company logo
NA: When Missing Data
is Valuable
Caitlin Hudon | Cascadia R
@beeonaposy
Missing data
Cascadia R
@beeonaposy
Obscures underlying relationships in data
Can cover existing relationships or skew
relationships
Can be dangerous when mishandled or ignored
Must be acknowledged before modeling, so good
to address ASAP
Missing data can be valuable (!) ✨
Cascadia R
@beeonaposy
1. When you can fix it
2. When the fact that data is missing tells you
something important
3. When it tells you where something in your
data pipeline is broken / can be improved
Cascadia R
@beeonaposy
1. Look for the underlying
reason for missing values
Things to consider
Cascadia R
@beeonaposy
❏ Is there a discernible pattern to the values that
are present vs. missing? (MAR vs. MNAR)
❏ Is there an underlying explanation for missing
values?
❏ How is the data collected?
❏ Should you analyze the data in groups that have
similar amounts of data available?
Options for handling missings
Cascadia R
@beeonaposy
➔ Imputation -- mean, median, zero, predicted values
➔ Add new indicator variables for whether values exist
➔ Focus only on complete cases (case-wise deletion)
➔ Create a new unknown category for categorical vars
➔ Remove variables with too many missing values
R Packages to Help
Exploring missing values:
→ visdat, naniar, dplyr (+ more!)
Handling missing values:
→ mice, Amelia, dplyr, forcats
Cascadia R
@beeonaposy
2. The presence or absence
of data can be just as
valuable as the data itself
Missings I’ve flagged and loved
Cascadia R
@beeonaposy
No email / phone? Missing contact info flag
No first gift amount? Didn’t do “x” flag
No interactions? Never used flag
Possible underlying reasons for missings
Cascadia R
@beeonaposy
Affinity / trust email; phone number
Self-censoring income
Lack of engagement interaction / touchpoint
Data collection 1/NA; optional inputs
Cascadia R
@beeonaposy
Missing data is an
opportunity to improve
your data pipeline
Adding value back to your data pipeline
Cascadia R
@beeonaposy
❏ Add in any newly-created variables
❏ Fix issues w/ data collection mechanisms
❏ Think about new fields to collect
❏ Communicate feedback and ideas
Communicate findings with others
Cascadia R
@beeonaposy
Cascadia R
@beeonaposy
To get value out of missing data:
Look for underlying reasons.
Fix or flag what you can.
Communicate your findings.
Improve your pipeline.
Thank you!
Caitlin Hudon
@beeonaposy
caitlinhudon.com
Slides available at https://github.com/caitlinhudon/cascadiaRconf

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NULL: When Missing Data is Valuable

  • 1. NA: When Missing Data is Valuable Caitlin Hudon | Cascadia R @beeonaposy
  • 2. Missing data Cascadia R @beeonaposy Obscures underlying relationships in data Can cover existing relationships or skew relationships Can be dangerous when mishandled or ignored Must be acknowledged before modeling, so good to address ASAP
  • 3. Missing data can be valuable (!) ✨ Cascadia R @beeonaposy 1. When you can fix it 2. When the fact that data is missing tells you something important 3. When it tells you where something in your data pipeline is broken / can be improved
  • 4. Cascadia R @beeonaposy 1. Look for the underlying reason for missing values
  • 5. Things to consider Cascadia R @beeonaposy ❏ Is there a discernible pattern to the values that are present vs. missing? (MAR vs. MNAR) ❏ Is there an underlying explanation for missing values? ❏ How is the data collected? ❏ Should you analyze the data in groups that have similar amounts of data available?
  • 6. Options for handling missings Cascadia R @beeonaposy ➔ Imputation -- mean, median, zero, predicted values ➔ Add new indicator variables for whether values exist ➔ Focus only on complete cases (case-wise deletion) ➔ Create a new unknown category for categorical vars ➔ Remove variables with too many missing values
  • 7. R Packages to Help Exploring missing values: → visdat, naniar, dplyr (+ more!) Handling missing values: → mice, Amelia, dplyr, forcats
  • 8. Cascadia R @beeonaposy 2. The presence or absence of data can be just as valuable as the data itself
  • 9. Missings I’ve flagged and loved Cascadia R @beeonaposy No email / phone? Missing contact info flag No first gift amount? Didn’t do “x” flag No interactions? Never used flag
  • 10. Possible underlying reasons for missings Cascadia R @beeonaposy Affinity / trust email; phone number Self-censoring income Lack of engagement interaction / touchpoint Data collection 1/NA; optional inputs
  • 11. Cascadia R @beeonaposy Missing data is an opportunity to improve your data pipeline
  • 12. Adding value back to your data pipeline Cascadia R @beeonaposy ❏ Add in any newly-created variables ❏ Fix issues w/ data collection mechanisms ❏ Think about new fields to collect ❏ Communicate feedback and ideas
  • 13. Communicate findings with others Cascadia R @beeonaposy
  • 14. Cascadia R @beeonaposy To get value out of missing data: Look for underlying reasons. Fix or flag what you can. Communicate your findings. Improve your pipeline.
  • 15. Thank you! Caitlin Hudon @beeonaposy caitlinhudon.com Slides available at https://github.com/caitlinhudon/cascadiaRconf