Hello, I am Sougata Dandapathak. I and my friend, Subhajit Pramanick, both presented this ppt in our college seminar. It is basically based on the brief details about Nuclear Battery. It consists of several topics like 'What is Nuclear Battery ?', 'Types of Converter in Nuclear battery', 'Applications of Nuclear Battery' 'Advantages & Disadvantages' etc. We hope you will all enjoy by reading this presentation. Thank you.

1. Topic:- NUCLEAR BATTERY
NAME:- SUBHAJIT PRAMANICK
ROLL:- MC/UG/S-V/19 NO:- 1224
REG. NO. :- 2017-1229
NAME:- SOUGATA DANDAPATHAK
ROLL:- MC/UG/S-V/19 NO:- 1225
REG. NO. :- 2017-1144
Submitted by:-

2. CONTEN
TS
❖What is Nuclear Battery ?
❖Understanding the Terms Used
❖Types of Converter in Nuclear battery
❖Non-thermal Converters
A. Betavoltaics
B. Reciprocating Electromechanical
Nuclear Battery
❖Radioisotopes used & Selection
❖Applications of Nuclear Battery
❖Advantages & Disadvantages
❖References

3. What is Nuclear Battery ?
The term ‘Nuclear battery’ describe a device which
uses energy from the decay of radioactive isotopes
to generate electricity.
Like nuclear reactors they generate electricity from
atomic energy, but differ in that they do not use a
chain reaction.

4. Understanding the terms used
Radioactive isotope :
unstable form of an element that emit radiation to
transform into a more stable form.
Radioisotopes are the
Radiation
Alpha (α)
radiation
Beta (β)
radiation
Gama (γ)
radiation

5. Types of Converter in Nuclear
battery
Converter
in nuclear
battery
Thermal
converter
Non-
thermal
converter
Radioisotope Thermoelectric
Generators
Nano Tritium Battery

6. Non-thermal Converters
A. Betavoltaics :-
These are generators of electric current, using
energy from a radioactive source emitting
beta particles (electron).
Working Process
As the radioactive source decays, the β
particles emit and ionize the semiconductor
material atoms due to which electron-hole
pairs are created.
So, absorb radiation creates electron-hole
pair which turn results in the generation of
electrical current.
Betavoltaics
Working process of betavoltaics

7. B. Reciprocating Electromechanical Nuclear Battery :-
Working Process
This is also a non-thermal process.
Electromechanical nuclear batteries
use the build up of charge between
two plates to pull one bendable plate
towards the other, until the two
plates touch, discharge, equalizing
the electrostatic buildup, and spring
back.
The mechanical produced can be
used to produce electricity through
flexing piezoelectric material or
through a linear generator.

8. Radioisotopes used & Selection
The major criterion considered in the selection of fuels
are :- (1) Avoidance of gamma in the decay chain.
(2) Half life of radioisotopes should be large.
(3) Cost should be less.
RADIOISOTOPES DECAY MODE HALF LIFE
Tritium β− decay 12.32 years
Nickel - 63 β− decay 100.1 years
Plutonium - 238 α decay 87.7 years
Curium - 244 α decay 18.1 years
Strontium - 90 β− decay 28.79 years

9. Applications of Nuclear Battery
Medical
application :- Due to increase longevity and better
reliability it is used in pacemakers.
Spacecraft
application :- Due to unaffected by long period of
darkness and radiation and also compact and
lighter weight it is used in spacecraft.
RTG of Voyager
-1 spacecraft
Military
application :- Due to high density power battery,
it
is used to radio frequency equipments,
sensors and ultra wide-band
communication.

10. Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
⚫ Life span minimum 10 years.
⚫ Reliable electricity.
⚫ Lighter with high energy
density.
⚫ Reduces green house and
associated effects.
⚫ Less waste generation.
⚫ High initial cost of
production as its in the
experimental stage.
⚫ Energy conversion
methodologies are not too
much advance.

11. References
⮚ NUCLEAR PHYSICS by S. N.
GHOSHAL
⮚ ELECTRONICS by B. GHOSH
⮚ GOOGLE
⮚ YOUTUBE

12. THANK
YOU