Here are three summaries of 300 words or less on the topics you provided:
Essay 1:
Web services allow different applications and systems to communicate and exchange data over the internet in a standardized way, regardless of programming language or operating system. This is achieved through the use of XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI. XML provides the data format, SOAP defines how to encode operation calls and responses, WSDL describes the services available and UDDI allows services to be published and discovered.
Together these technologies provide a standardized way for systems to programmatically discover, describe and integrate web services in a platform and language independent manner. This interoperability is a key benefit, allowing organizations to more easily integrate