The New Security Risk - Excerpt
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This is an excerpt of the presentation of my recent analysis of motivations behind and trends in attacks on the oil and gas industry by violent non-state actors. A preview of the full version is included on the second slide.
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![The following slides are an excerpt from a larger presentation. Please contact
me at jan.havranek [at] gmail.com if you would like to receive the full version
with an overview of:
• Trends in energy-related attacks in the 1970s and 1980s
• Contemporary motivations behind non-state actors’ attacking of the oil and gas
industry
• Results of an analysis of 1.161 attacks on energy infrastructure with implications for the
oil & gas industry, including the full data set
In addition, the presentation includes 2 case analyses on:
• Ideological considerations underlying al-Qaeda’s strategy to harm the Western
economy through energy sector targeting
• Efforts of Somali Pirates to attack the vital energy routes in the Gulf of Aden](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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2) It had major economic impacts such as harming the airline industry, stock market, and increasing unemployment.
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To begin with, the majority of critical infrastructure is owned by the private sector but it is the job of the federal, state, local, and private sectors to all collaborate to achieve the goal and remain resilient against terrorist activity. Terrorist activity has major impacts on the country in a general sense and an even greater impact against critical infrastructure. Some of the major consequences at the national level would include physical, psychological, economical issues within the country. The physical consequences would include the damage against the infrastructures that where struck and the innocent citizens who may of possibly been killed by the terrorist. Further, the psychological consequences would include those who were impacted by the terrorist attack ranging from the people who were actually at the scene, the family members of the attacked individuals, the critical infrastructure employees, the government officials dealing with the situation and many more. Moving on, economic consequences can impact the entire nation as well depending on the amount of physical damage done and which critical infrastructure was impacted. In addition, an attack one of the nation’s critical infrastructure assets can impact other critical infrastructure. For instance, if the Energy Sector is taken out, the Communications sector may have problems along with the Financial Sector because both of those sectors need the resources provided by the Energy Sector.
In my opinion, I believe the risk of terrorist attacks are being adequately addressed. The reason why I believe so is there hasn’t been a successful major terrorist attack as catastrophic as 9/11 since that day. Yes, there has been several lone wolf attacks that have succeeded but those are extremely hard to stop due to its unpredictability. Overall, the majority off attacks that hav ...
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To begin with, the majority of critical infrastructure is owned by the private sector but it is the job of the federal, state, local, and private sectors to all collaborate to achieve the goal and remain resilient against terrorist activity. Terrorist activity has major impacts on the country in a general sense and an even greater impact against critical infrastructure. Some of the major consequences at the national level would include physical, psychological, economical issues within the country. The physical consequences would include the damage against the infrastructures that where struck and the innocent citizens who may of possibly been killed by the terrorist. Further, the psychological consequences would include those who were impacted by the terrorist attack ranging from the people who were actually at the scene, the family members of the attacked individuals, the critical infrastructure employees, the government officials dealing with the situation and many more. Moving on, economic consequences can impact the entire nation as well depending on the amount of physical damage done and which critical infrastructure was impacted. In addition, an attack one of the nation’s critical infrastructure assets can impact other critical infrastructure. For instance, if the Energy Sector is taken out, the Communications sector may have problems along with the Financial Sector because both of those sectors need the resources provided by the Energy Sector.
In my opinion, I believe the risk of terrorist attacks are being adequately addressed. The reason why I believe so is there hasn’t been a successful major terrorist attack as catastrophic as 9/11 since that day. Yes, there has been several lone wolf attacks that have succeeded but those are extremely hard to stop due to its unpredictability. Overall, the majority off attacks that hav ...
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2) Both the use of explosive devices and suicide attacks significantly increased the severity of attacks, with explosive attacks having over 10 deaths per attack versus 2.57 without, and suicide attacks resulting in 22.57 deaths versus 3.34 for other tactics.
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The document discusses infrastructure security and protecting critical infrastructure from threats like terrorism. It outlines key areas of critical infrastructure like transportation, energy, and communications. It also discusses identifying vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure through risk assessment and implementing protective programs to reduce risks and strengthen defenses.
weapon of mass destruction
This document discusses the threat of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism based on an empirical analysis of incident data. While the threat is real, it is often exaggerated by hype from the media and governments. The data shows that very few incidents have actually involved CBRN agents and caused mass casualties. However, terrorist capabilities are increasing over time as the costs of new technologies decrease. While the likelihood of a CBRN attack remains low currently, it could increase in the future if terrorists are able to more easily acquire and weaponize agents. Overall, the document concludes the CBRN threat must be taken seriously but not distorted by exaggeration.
Climate change security africa busby
This document discusses the strategic implications of climate security vulnerability in Africa for the United States. It presents a climate security vulnerability model that analyzes exposure to climate hazards, population density, resilience, and governance factors. The document overlays this analysis with data on U.S. strategic interests like resources, terrorism, and embassies. Case studies of Somalia show how climate factors may have contributed to conflict, famine, terrorism, and piracy. The analysis aims to better understand potential links between climate and security outcomes and implications for U.S. national security interests in Africa.
Assignment 1 LASA 2 Monitoring Our Home PlanetThe Internet i.docx
Assignment 1: LASA 2: Monitoring Our Home Planet
The Internet is a powerful tool that provides the ability to monitor natural phenomena and disasters that happen all over planet Earth.
In this assignment, you will research resources available on the Internet for monitoring natural phenomena including earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, global climate, and weather.
Based on your research, do the following:
Identify a minimum of three different natural phenomena that are typically responsible for natural disasters. Analyze the potential impact of these disasters.
Analyze how these phenomenon are monitored, or not, via the Internet. Critique available Web sites, which publicly display up-to-date monitored information related to each of the natural phenomena you have identified. Focus on the following aspects:
Geography
What parts of the world are potentially affected by these phenomena? Specifically identify the countries.
Resources
What kinds of resources are allocated toward monitoring these phenomena and why?
What types of Web resources monitor the phenomena and provide up-to-date information about them?
What kinds of technology are involved in monitoring the phenomena?
Politics
What political ramifications would this disaster-preparedness technology cause between more-developed countries and less-developed countries?
What kinds of issues could this technology cause between less-developed countries?
Economics
How would this technology directly impact the economies of those countries that have the technology versus those countries that do not?
Do you predict any indirect impacts? What current evidence supports your position?
Disaster Preparedness
What types of systems are in place in terms of disaster preparedness related to these monitored phenomena?
Summarize your findings. Evaluate how this technology will impact the future of humanity, both positively and negatively. Be sure to consider the political and economic issues discussed in your future predictions.
Support your statements with examples. Use a minimum of six reliable references, two of which should be peer-reviewed articles.
Write a 7–8-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M5_A1.doc.
Assignment 1 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Identify a minimum of three different naturally occurring phenomena that are typically responsible for natural disasters and analyze the potential impact of the disaster.
104
Analyze ways different Web sites monitor phenomena by critiquing available Web resources. Analysis should include topics such as geography, resources, political/economic issues, and disaster preparedness.
104
Summarize and discuss future projections on humanity regarding the use of technology. Include research on political and economic issues.
28
Writing Components:
Organization (16)
Usage and Mechanics (16)
APA Elements (24)
Style (8)
64
Total:
300
.
Oil in Venezuela: Triggering Violence or Ensuring Stability? A Context‐sensi...
factors that make the oil‐state Venezuela, which is generally characterized by a low level of violence, an outlier among the oil countries as a whole. It applies a newly elaborated “context approach” that systematically considers domestic and international contextual factors. To test the results of the systematic analysis, two periods with a moderate increase in internal violence in Venezuela are subsequently analyzed, in the second part of the paper, from a comparative‐historical perspective.
The findings demonstrate that oil, in interaction with fluctuating non‐resource‐specific contextual conditions, has had ambiguous effects: On the one hand, oil has explicitly
served as a conflict‐reducing and partly democracy‐promoting factor, principally through large‐scale socioeconomic redistribution, widespread clientelistic structures, and corrup‐tion. On the other hand, oil has triggered violence—primarily through socioeconomic
causal mechanisms (central keywords: decline of oil abundance and resource management) and secondarily through the long‐term degradation of political institutions. While clientelism and corruption initially had a stabilizing effect, in the long run they exacerbated the dele‐
gitimization of the traditional political elite. Another crucial finding is that the impact and relative importance of oil with respect to the increase in violence seems to vary signifi‐
cantly depending on the specific subtype of violence.
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Exam notes for the Certified in Homeland Security -- Level II
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The New Security Risk - Excerpt
- 1. The New Security Risk Excerpt Oil & Gas Companies in the Era of Terrorism © Jan Havranek, 2009
- 2. The following slides are an excerpt from a larger presentation. Please contact me at jan.havranek [at] gmail.com if you would like to receive the full version with an overview of: • Trends in energy-related attacks in the 1970s and 1980s • Contemporary motivations behind non-state actors’ attacking of the oil and gas industry • Results of an analysis of 1.161 attacks on energy infrastructure with implications for the oil & gas industry, including the full data set In addition, the presentation includes 2 case analyses on: • Ideological considerations underlying al-Qaeda’s strategy to harm the Western economy through energy sector targeting • Efforts of Somali Pirates to attack the vital energy routes in the Gulf of Aden
- 3. Linking the traditional political risk to non-state actors defines the New Security Risk ...refers to a politically motivated action that produces changes in one company’s economic outcomes ...involves direct or indirect violence or use of arms against one company’s operations ...highlights the ability of transnational non-state actors to target corporate interests anywhere in the world and in the value chain © Jan Havranek, 2009 3
- 4. Oil companies face the new kind of security risk for two reasons © Jan Havranek, 2009 4
- 5. The “Cold War” terrorists and freedom fighters focused evenly on governments and business - 1n 1976-78, 50% of all terrorist acts worldwide were directed against business personnel, equipment, and facilities - Techniques used by non-state actors against business included: ‣ Kidnapping of executives or their families ‣ Attacks on facilities ‣ Assassinations ‣ Bombings ‣ Other (e.g. business disruptions) - Kidnappings were carried out for ransom; victims would usually survive - Majority of the attacks took place in Europe and Latin America Source: Alexander, Yonah, and Robert A. Kilmarx. 1979. Political Terrorism and Business: The Threat and Response. New York: Praeger. McGuire, E. Patrick. 1979. International Terrorism and Business Security. Information Bulletin. The Conference Board. © Jan Havranek, 2009 5
- 6. Contemporary insurgents embedded the targeting of energy infrastructure into their strategies - Some groups attack oil companies to raise awareness of their social conditions or political status (e.g. Nigeria) - Other groups are purely anti-systematic with broader ideological goals (e.g. al-Qaeda) - With the decline of state-sponsorship of terrorism, rebels often resort to fund-raising through violence (e.g. Somali Pirates) - Attacks on energy infrastructure take place during an existing conflict (e.g. War in Lebanon, 2006) Source: Based on an analysis of 1.161 incidents recorded by the Worldwide Incident Tracking System in 2004-2008. © Jan Havranek, 2009 6
- 7. The majority of EI attacks hit the oil & gas industry - Oil & gas pipelines represent the facility most at risk See Appendix 3 for a full data set Source: Based on an analysis of 1.161 incidents recorded by the Worldwide Incidents Tracking System in 2004-2008. © Jan Havranek, 2009 7