Novel Prize in Physics 2016

1. TOPIC- NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 2016
By
Garima Tandon

2. Nobel prize in Physics 2016
On
‘‘Theoretical discoveries of
topological phase transition and
topological phases of matter”

3. NOBEL LAUREATES

4. •Born on 1934 in Bearsden,UK
•Ph.D. in 1958 from Cornell
University,Ithaca,U.S.A.
•Professor at University of
Washington,Seattle,WA,U.S.A.

5. •Born on 1951 in London,U.K.
•Ph.D.-1978 from Cambridge
University,U.K.
•Eugene Higgins Professor of
Physics at Princeton
University,NJ,U.S.A.

6. •Born on 1942 in Aberdeen,U.K.
•Ph.D. in 1969 from Oxford
University
•Professor of Physics at Brown
University,Providence,RI,U.S.A.

7. Necessity of this invention
(Necessity is the mother of
invention)
History

8. Unusual
phase
Unusual
phase
Usual
phases of
matter

9. EXPERIMENT OF KLITZING
An ultrathin piece of Si Supercooled
Ran an electric current Exposed to high
magnetic field
Si become conductor and Electric field increase as
multiples of integers(Quantum Hall Effect)

10. Criticism by other mathematicians
• The atom had no room to move which is a
requirement for phase transition and in
turn form conductance
• Thermal fluctuation distroy all order in
matter

11. EXPLANATION BY NOBEL DISCOVERY
KT Transition –
•Rather than move up and down silicon atoms in the
sheet were swirling like a vortex
•At low temperature vortices form pair and when
temperature rises they move away but order not distroy

13. ANSWERED BY TOPOLOGY
•Topology is a branch of mathematics that
describes properties that change step-
wise
•Topology describes the properties that
remain entact when an object is stretched
,twisted or deformed,but not if it is torn
apart

15. Similarly Electrical Conductance
found in the Quantum Hall Effect
changes in steps that are exact
multiples of an integer

16. BENEFITS OF THIS NOBEL DISCOVERY
•Explain strange phenomena in unusual
phases of matter
•Created new perspectives on the
development of innovative materials

17. THANK YOU !!