1. A writ of mandamus, which originated in English law, is a command issued by a court to a lower court, public body, or government official ordering them to properly fulfill their official duties or correct an abuse of discretion. 2. In India, the Supreme Court has the power to issue writs of mandamus under Article 32 to enforce fundamental rights, while High Courts can do so under Article 226 both to enforce fundamental rights and for any other purpose within their jurisdiction. 3. A writ of mandamus will be issued only when the applicant has a clear legal right, the respondent has a corresponding legal duty, and no other remedy exists. Its purpose is to protect established rights by enforcing imperative legal duties