The document provides information about the 7 states of North East India - Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Manipur. It discusses the geography, climate, population, and culture of each state. The North East region has over 2000 km of international borders and is connected to the rest of India by a narrow corridor. It is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse regions in Asia, with many tribes speaking different languages. The states have rich cultural heritages and celebrate various festivals throughout the year.
Here you can get the information about all the aspects of the north eastern states of India like Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Nagaland and Sikkim.
This is cheerful presentation shows the state of Assam and its Tea Plantations through the eyes of a class IX girl. A girl who was born in the tea plantations and spent her best growing up years in the midst of sun, rain, forest, fields, dogs, rivers, mountains and the lush greenery of Assam.
The Beauty of Assam. The Land of culture, Awsomeness,The Pride of Nation.Deepak Poddar
Assam - The gateway of North-East. The land of the mighty 'Brahmaputra'. The land of 'Luscious green tea estates'. The land of 'Polite welcoming people'. The land of the 'One horned Rhinoceros'. The land of 'Tranquility'.
The Beauty of Love, The Beauty of Fest, The Beauty of Assam. The Gateway of North-East.
Visit our state Assam to know how we are adorable state.
Here you can get the information about all the aspects of the north eastern states of India like Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Nagaland and Sikkim.
This is cheerful presentation shows the state of Assam and its Tea Plantations through the eyes of a class IX girl. A girl who was born in the tea plantations and spent her best growing up years in the midst of sun, rain, forest, fields, dogs, rivers, mountains and the lush greenery of Assam.
The Beauty of Assam. The Land of culture, Awsomeness,The Pride of Nation.Deepak Poddar
Assam - The gateway of North-East. The land of the mighty 'Brahmaputra'. The land of 'Luscious green tea estates'. The land of 'Polite welcoming people'. The land of the 'One horned Rhinoceros'. The land of 'Tranquility'.
The Beauty of Love, The Beauty of Fest, The Beauty of Assam. The Gateway of North-East.
Visit our state Assam to know how we are adorable state.
it is about the culture of india that india has a many tradition, culture, lifestyle, language but in spite of these diversity you can see a heart touching unity in the diversity and I want to see this diversity by my ppt.
The Indian sub-continent is characterised by a great and diversified group of physical features.
They are classified into the following physiographic units :
1. The Himalayas and other ranges.
2. The Indo-Gangetic plain.
3. The Thar Deserts
4. The Peninsular Plateau.
5. The Coastal belts and Islands.
All about Inidan State-Himachal Pradesh. This give you description about Social life of people, Stats of people, Festivals, Culture , Tradition, Food , Politics and Technological growth of the snow state. The beauty with the best!
IN THIS POWERPOINT I ADDED FULLY HD PHOTO.AND THE INFORMATION AND STYLE ARE ADDED BY ME OWN.
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DON'T FORGET TO LIKE AND TO FOLLOW.
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T H A N K YOU. . . . . .
Nagaland comprises of a part of the hill ranges, which separates the basins of three major rivers- the Brahmaputra, the Chindwin and the Barak. There are around 1,317 villages in Nagaland.
it is about the culture of india that india has a many tradition, culture, lifestyle, language but in spite of these diversity you can see a heart touching unity in the diversity and I want to see this diversity by my ppt.
The Indian sub-continent is characterised by a great and diversified group of physical features.
They are classified into the following physiographic units :
1. The Himalayas and other ranges.
2. The Indo-Gangetic plain.
3. The Thar Deserts
4. The Peninsular Plateau.
5. The Coastal belts and Islands.
All about Inidan State-Himachal Pradesh. This give you description about Social life of people, Stats of people, Festivals, Culture , Tradition, Food , Politics and Technological growth of the snow state. The beauty with the best!
IN THIS POWERPOINT I ADDED FULLY HD PHOTO.AND THE INFORMATION AND STYLE ARE ADDED BY ME OWN.
DOWNLOAD AS FAST YOU CAN.
DON'T FORGET TO LIKE AND TO FOLLOW.
FOR ASKING FOR POWERPOINT OF OTHER SUBJECT.CONTACT TO shubhamrathi800@gmail.com or shubhamrathi99@hotmail.com
T H A N K YOU. . . . . .
Nagaland comprises of a part of the hill ranges, which separates the basins of three major rivers- the Brahmaputra, the Chindwin and the Barak. There are around 1,317 villages in Nagaland.
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The Nagas occupy a mountainous country of about
100,000 square kilometers in the Patkai Range
between India and Burma. About two thirds of the
Naga territory is in present day India, divided among
the four states Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur
and Nagaland. The rest lies in Sagiang and Thangdut
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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North east indian states
1.
2. The 7 states of the North East India are :-
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Tripura
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam
Manipur
3. About:-
The North East is a true frontier region. It has over 2000 km of border with Bhutan,
China, Myanmar and Bangladesh and is connected to the rest of India by a narrow 20
km wide corridor of land. One of the most ethically and linguistically diverse regions
in Asia, each state has its distinct cultures and traditions.
From times immemorial, India’s North East has been the meeting point of many
communities, faiths and cultures. A place renowned for its magical beauty and
bewildering diversity, North East India is the home for more than 166 separate tribes
speaking a wide range of languages. Some groups have migrated over the centuries
from places as far as South East Asia; they retain their cultural traditions and values
but are beginning to adapt to contemporary lifestyles. Its jungles are dense, its rivers
powerful and rain, and thunderstorms sweep across the hills, valleys ,and plains
during the annual monsoon.
The lushness of its landscape, the range of communities and geographical and
ecological diversity makes the North East quite different from other parts of the
subcontinent. The festivals and celebrations in the North- eastern states of India are a
colorful reflection of the people and their lives.
North East India comprises of seven states commonly known as the “Seven
Sisters”. They are Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram,
Nagaland and Tripura.
4. MEGHALAYA : -
CAPITAL-Shillong LANGUAGES- Khasi, Garo, English
• CLOTHING - Summer:-( April- October) Light tropical
Winter: - (November- March) Woolen
SEASON TO VISIT-October to April
Meghalaya, a Sanskrit word meaning "the abode of cloud", was created as
an autonomous State on 2nd April 1970. It is bound on north and east by
the state of Assam, and on south and west by Bangladesh. The three physical
division in the state are Garo (Western), Khasi (Central) and Jaintia (Eastern)
hill divisions.
In the Garo hills, the Tura range occupies dominantly a middle portion
running west to east where the Nokrek peak is located. Khasi -Jaintia ranges
are intertwined with a curved-alignment. Spurs of ranges in Jaintia hills are
shorter in height than the Shillong Plateau; hill bases lie side by side with flat
lands, valley and meadows.
Animals and birds that are found in the state are elephants, tigers, bear,
jackal, leopard, golden langurs etc .
The interesting birds found in the state include Hornbills, King Vulture,
Crested Serpent, Eagle, Partridges, Teals, Snipes, Quails etc.
5.
6. People :-
Meghalaya occupies a total area of
22,429 sq kms with a total population
of 2,306,069 persons as reported in the
census of 2001. The sex-ratio in
Meghalaya was 974 females per 1000
males; as against 923 females for the
country as a whole. The fairly high sex
ratio in Meghalaya may be attributed to
the existing tradition of matrilineal
society. The Khasi and Jaintia tribes are
matrilineal in character in which, the
immovable property of the deceased, is
inherited by females, especially the
youngest daughter. As a matter of fact,
the female babies and daughters get
adequate attention of the parents with
respect to education and health care.
Meghalaya is mainly a Christianity
dominated state. Before the arrival of
Christian missionaries in the late 19th
century and later, most natives followed
tribal religions.
Social and cultural heritage:-
The Khasi, Garo and Jaintia are people
with a rich cultural heritage. The
important crafts of the Khasi and the
Jaintia districts are artistic weaving,
wood-carving and cane and bamboo
work. Carpet and silk weaving and the
making of musical instruments,
jewellery and pineapple fibre articles are
among its minor craft.
The popular handicrafts of the Garo hills
district are artistic weaving, cane and
bamboo work including poker work( in
which designs are burnt into the
bamboo with a red-hot pointed
rod),wood carving, jewellery and making
of clay toys and dolls and musical
instruments.
7. History :-
There are different legends, beliefs and
findings about the Khasis, Jaintias and
Garos. It is said that Khasis were the
earliest immigrants who made their way
across northern Myanmar to Khasi in the
plain of East Assam where they
established new centre. Khasis
linguistically represents the Mon-Khmer
speeches spoken in South-East Asia.
The ancient kingdoms of Khasis were
confined to the plain mostly in the
Kamrup and Nagaon Districts, Assam
and eastwards. The early history of
Garos is shrouded in mystery. Most
traditions locate that Tibet was their
home from where their forefathers
spread to different places. The Jaintias
tribe belongs to the Hynniewtrep of the
Austric race. It is believed by the
scholars that they had migrated from
Tibet-China from Mohkhmer groups in
search of food and shelter.
In 1950 Garo hills, United Khasi and
Jaintia hills were brought under the
purview of sixth schedule of Indian
constitution. District council had
administrative control. The creation of
Meghalaya in 1972 resulted in
formation of three autonomous district
councils for the development of the
hills. The three council were –
The Khasi autonomous district
council.
The Jaintia autonomous district
council.
The Garo autonomous district
council.
8. Economy:-
Meghalaya is basically an agricultural state in which about 80 percent of its total
population are dependent primarily on agriculture for livelihood. The state has a
vast potential for developing horticulture due to agro-climatic variations, which
offer much scope for the cultivation of temperate, sub-tropical and tropical fruits
and vegetables.
Besides the major food crops of rice and maize, Meghalaya is known for its
oranges (Khasi Mandarin), pineapple, banana, jackfruits, temperate fruits like
plums, peaches and pears etc. The popular cash crops, which are traditionally
cultivated, include turmeric, ginger, black pepper, areca nut, Betelvina, tapioca,
short staple cotton, jute and Mesta, mustard and rapeseed. Special emphasis is
presently laid on non-traditional crops like oil seeds, cashew nut, tea and coffee,
orchids and commercial flowers.
The rich mineral deposits including mica gypsum and coal are unexploited.
Famous places:-
Siju Caves
Imikhang Dare
Rongrengiri
Cherrapunji
9. MIZORAM :-
CAPITAL – Aizwal CLOTHING - Summer: Cottons Winter: Woolens
SEASON TO VISIT -October- April
With the implementation of the North- Eastern Reorganization Act in 1972,
Mizoram became a Union Territory and as a sequel to the signing of the historic
memorandum of settlement between the Government of India and the Mizo
National Front in 1986, it became the 23rd state of the Indian union on 20
February 1987.
Mizoram literally translated means "Land of the Highlanders". The hills are
steep with an average height of 900 meters. The highest peak in Mizoram is
the Blue Mountain (Phawngpui) with a height of 2210 metres. The tropical
forests of Mizoram abound in a wide variety of flora and fauna. The thick
bamboo groves strewn with wild plantations dominate the lower altitude, slowly
giving way to dense woods festooned with creepers and canes as the hills rise
higher.
Yellow sunflowers and many other colorful wild flowers, add a touch of
delightful tonal contrasts to the greeneries. Besides being an ornithologist's
delight, the jungles are home to tigers, wild boars, leopards, monkeys, barking
deer's, sandbars and elephants.
10.
11. People:-
Historians believe that the Mizos are a
part of the great wave of the Mongolian
race spilling over the eastern and
southern India centuries ago.
Mizo is not just one tribe as normally
presumed but the term represents
several tribes taken together. The term
Mizo means "the "men who live in the
hills“.
Mizos are of Mongoloid origin,
speaking a dialect of Tibeto- Burman
origin. Mizos are of Mongoloid origin,
speaking a dialect of Tibeto- Burman
origin.
All their activities revolve around this
cultivation and their festivals are
connected with such agricultural
operations.
Cultural and social heritage :-
The fabric of social life in the Mizo
society has undergone tremendous
changes over the years. Before the
British moved into the hills, for all
practical purposes the village and the
clan became units of the Mizo society.
The Mizo code of ethics or dharma
moved round "Tlawmngaihna"an
untranslatable term meaning on the
part of everyone to be hospitable, kind
unselfish and helpful to others.
Tlawmngaihna to a Mizo stands for
selfless service for others.
A gregarious and close- knit society,
they evolved some principles of self-
help and co- operation to meet social
obligations and responsibilities.
No class distinction and no
discrimination on grounds of sex are
not seen in Mizo society.
Birth of a child, marriage in the village
and death of a person in the village or
a community feast arranged by a
member of the village are important
occasions in which the whole village is
involved.
12. Agriculture is the mainstay for about
60% of the population of Mizoram. Only
5% of the total area is under cultivation.
About 7% of the total cultivated area is
under irrigation. Forest account for
nearly 21% of the area.
Mizoram has no major industry. It has
remained backward industrially which
can be attributed to physical alienation,
lack of mineral resources in the state,
distance from the heart of the country
coupled with communication, etc.
The cottage industries comprise of
handloom and handicrafts. In the small
scale sector are the rice- milling, oil and
flour milling, mechanized bamboo
workshops, saw milling, brick making
and furniture workshops.
Festivals :-
The cottage industries comprise of
handloom and handicrafts. In the small
scale sector are the rice- milling, oil and
flour milling, mechanized bamboo
workshops, saw milling, brick making
and furniture workshops.
Mim Kut: Mim Kut or Maize festival is
celebrated during the months of August
and September, after the harvest of
maize. Mim Kut is celebrated with great
fanfare by drinking rice- beer, singing,
dancing and feasting.
Music is a passion of the Mizos. The
most colorful and distinctive dance of
the Mizo is called Cheraw.
Places of interest:-
o Aizawl
o Champhai
o Tamdil Lake
o Vantawng Waterfalls
o Rengdil
13. CAPITAL – Kohima CLOTHING Summer:- Cotton ; Winter:-Woolen
SEASON TO VISIT -October to April
Nagaland is almost entirely inhabited by the Naga tribes except some Kukis,
Kacharis, Garos, Mikris, Benglalees, and Assamese etc. in the plains sector.
There are several views expressed by scholars regarding the origin of the
word Naga.
The word Naga originated from Naga meaning Snake or king of snakes.
Nagaland is a hilly state. The hills are a continuation of the Burma Arc being
joined with the Sub-Himalayan ranges in the north and stretching into the
hills of Manipur. Forests cover the main part of the land and jungles it is
natural that there will be lots of animal life.
The place being hilly and the expanse of the hills not being very large there
are a few rivers, which are quite small in both width and length until they
leave the state. No rivers of this state are navigable in any season.
14.
15. Social and Cultural
Heritage :-
The Nagas are not a composite
people. They speak many languages.
They differ widely in dress and other
cultural traits, as well as in physical
features. They belong to Mongoloid
stock but yet there are great
differences in the details between one
tribe and other, as well as between
different people of the same tribe.
Some are tall, some are short.
There is no caste system among the
Nagas or anyone of the non-Naga
tribes.
The cultural traditions of the Nagas
include features which are common to
all the tribes like head hunting,
common sleeping house for
unmarried men which are taboo to
women, a sort of trial marriage, or
great freedom of intercourse between
the sexes before marriage, disposal
of dead on raised platforms, the
simple loom for weaving cloth etc.
Festivals :-
• Life in Nagaland is replete with festivals
throughout the year as all the tribes
have their own festivals, which they
greatly cherish. They regard their
festivals sacrosanct and participation in
them is compulsory. They celebrate
their distinct seasonal festivals with
pageantry, color, music and fanfare.
Most of these festivals revolve round
agriculture, which is still the mainstay of
the Naga society.
• They start with the Chakhesang
Sukrunye festival in January, followed
by Kuki Mimkut; Angami Sekrenyi is
celebrated in February. The month of
April begins with the Konyak
Aoling and Phom Monyu festivals in the
firstweek. Ao Moatsu and Khiamniungan
Miu festivals are celebrated in May.
Sumi Tuluni and Chang
Nkanyulum festivals are celebrated in
the month of July. In the months of
August and September, theYimchunger
Metemneo and Sangtam
Mongmong festivals are celebrated. The
month of November witnesses the
celebration of the Lotha Tokhu
Emong and the Rengma Ngada festivals
16. CAPITAL – Agartala
CLOTHING :- Summer- Cottons
Winter: Tropical with heavy woolens for chilly days
SEASON TO VISIT ->September- March
Tripura, the ancient home of the Bodos, is the northeastern state of India
located by the side of Bangladesh. Politically, now it is a part of the area
comprising seven states aptly called `Seven Sisters`, because of many
similarities in the social milieu, cultural mosaic and economic landscape.
These states besides Tripura are Assam, Manipur, Nagaland ,Meghalaya,
Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh.
Tripura is strategically situated between the river valleys of Myanmar and
Bangladesh. Encircled almost on the three sides by Bangladesh, it is linked
with Assam and Mizoram in the northeast.
Places of Interest :-
Ujjayanta Palace ; Sepahijala Wild life Sanctuary ;
Neer Mahal ; Deatamura ; Jampui Hills ; Unakoti ; Matabari .
17.
18. People :-
o According to the 2001 census, the total
human population of the state of
Tripura is 3,191,168. The highlands are
areas of sparse population and the
lowlands are densely populated.
o In Tripura , there are not only people
hailing from different regions but also
people constituting different ethnic
groups. Each ethnic tribe has its own
language and distinctive forms of
cultural expressions, such as music,
dance and festivals. Tripura, for
instance, have the Garia dance, Reangs
have the Howzagiri and the Chakmas
have the Bijhu dance.
o There are people of all religious
groups. Hindus are predominant
probably because the ancient rulers
were Hindus and their faiths may have
affected their subjects.
Social and cultural heritage :-
Tripura has a long historic past, its
unique tribal culture and a fascinating
folklore. Some scholars are of the
opinion that in the distant past it was
known as Kirat Desh. There are
references of Tripura in the
Mahabharata and the Puranas.
The early history of Tripura is shrouded
in mystery. Many myths and legends are
associated with it. . One version traces
its link with the Puranic tradition, to the
times of Yajati and Pratit when the 71st
Raja Tripura was bonded by a Bodo
alliance with Kachar. Another version in
the Rajmala (Rajmala is one of the
important sources of Tripura history
generally datable to the 15th century)
states that the ruler of Tripura belongs
to lunar race and trace their descent
from the Rajput Kshatriyas.
19. Economy :-
Tripura lacks an industrial base save
some cottage industries(handicrafts
and handloom) and small scale
manufacturing units. In the last 10
years the Indian government has
encouraged small scale industries
especially dealing with weaving,
carpentry, pottery and basket making.
Rice is the main crop. It is well-suited
to the marshy conditions of the
northern basin. Jute, cotton, tea, and
fruit are important cash crops. Sugar
cane, mustard and potatoes are also
grown. The state imports large
quantities of rice, wheat, maize,
pulses, sugar, etc.
Exports from the state include plywood
pulp, articles manufactured out of
bamboo, timber and canned fruit.
Festivals :-
Garia Puja-Celebrated on the 7th day
of the month of Vaishak(April)by the
tribal people who believe that the
celebration will bring prosperity and
enjoyment for the whole year.
Kharchi Puja(July)-Originally another
tribal festival.
Ker Puja-A traditional tribal festival
held within a specified boundary
specially marked with prior notification
in the state government gazetteer.
Durga Puja (Oct-Nov)-This festival of
the mother Goddess Durga in her
benign and protective form has
possibly come in from Bengal.
Tirthamukh-A popular pilgrim centre
for the tribal people of Tripura.
20. Arunachal Pradesh :-
CAPITAL - Itanagar
CLOTHING: Summer- cotton; Winter- woolen.
SEASON TO VISIT -October to April.
Arunachal Pradesh the 24th state of the Indian Union, is bounded by Bhutan to
the west, Myanmar to the east, China to the north and north-east and the plains
of Assam to the south. Arunachal Pradesh is acknowledged to be one of the most
splendid, variegated and multilingual tribal areas of the world. Arunachal is the
largest state (area-wise) in the north-east region.
This land, encompassing wide alpine geographical diversity and corresponding
climatic conditions varying from tropical to temperate and Alpine, and a wide
variety of wild life flora and fauna with concomitant life form, has now started
gaining acclaim as a world biodiversity heritage spot. Arunachal Pradesh is
endowed with thick evergreen forests with numerous streams, rivers and gorges
and hundreds and thousands of species of flora and fauna covering more than
60% of the total area. Its rivers are ideal for angling, boating and rafting and its
terrain is suitable for trekking, hiking and holidaying in a serene atmosphere.
Places of Interest :- Annini, Bhismaknagar (archaeological sites) ;Bomdila (at a
height of 2530 mts provides a panoramic views of the Himalayan landscapes and
snow clad ranges ; Changlong, Doparijo, Itanagar (capital, with excavated ruins of
historical Ita Fort and attractive Ganga lake.
21.
22. People :-
There are 26 major tribes and a
number of sub tribes living in the state.
Most of these communities are ethically
similar having derived from an original
common stock but their geographical
isolation from each other has brought
amongst them certain distinctive
characteristics in language, dress and
customs.
The first group of people are the
Monpas and the Sherdukpens of
Tawang and West Kameng district.
They follow the Lamaistic traditions of
Mahayana Buddhism.
The second group of people Adis,
Akas, Apatanis, Bangnis, Nishings,
Mishmis, Mijis, Tangsas, etc., who
worship the sun and the moon
namely Donyi Polo and Abotani, the
original ancestor for most of these
tribes.
The third group comprises of Noctes
and Wanchos, adjoining Nagaland in
the Tirap district.
Social and cultural Heritage :-
The whole population of Arunachal can
be divided into three cultural groups on
the basis of their socio- politico
religious affinities.
There are three kinds of religions
practiced here. The Monpas and
Sherdukpens in Kameng and Tawang
district, who met the Tibetans in the
north, adopted Lamaism of the
Buddhist faith, while the Khamptis in
Lohit district practice Mahayana
Buddhism. The second group, Noctes
and Wanchos in Tirap district, whose
long association with the Assamese in
the south, converted them to Hindus.
They are associated with the practice
of head hunting. The third group
comprises of Adi, Akas, Apatanis,
Nishings, etc.- a large majority of the
total population, who maintain their
ancient belief and indigenous concepts
of nature and worship- the Donyi-
Polo (The Sun & Moon).
23. Economy :-
For about 35% of the population of
Arunachal Pradesh, agriculture is the
main occupation. 17% of total cultivated
area is under irrigation. The main crop
is rice, grown on valley bottoms and on
some terraced slopes. Maize, millets,
pulses, potatoes, wheat and mustard
are the other important crops.
About 62% of the total area of the state
is under forests. There is no large scale
manufacturing industry, though some
coal and lignite are mined. The principal
industries are forest based.
Forest products, especially bamboo, are
vital resources. Saw mills, plywood and
veneering mills, rice mills, fruit
preservation units, soap and candle
manufacturing, steel fabrication, oil
expellers are in the medium and small
industrial sectors.
Festivals :-
Festivals are an essential part of the
socio- cultural life of the people. The
festivals are usually connected with
agriculture and are associated with
ritualistic gaiety either to thank God
or to pray for bumper harvest.
Some of the important festivals
are Mopin and Solung of Adis, Lossar o
f Monpas & Sherdukpens and Boori-
Boot of the Hill Miris, Dree of the
Apatanis, Si-Donyi of
Tagins,Nyokum of Nishing, Reh of Idu
Mishmis, Tamladu of Mishmi, Loku of
Nocte, Mol of Tangsa,Sanken of the
Khampti and Singpho, Khan of the
Miji, Nechi Dau of the Akase of the
Tagins,Ojiale of the Wancho, Kshyat-
Sowai of the Khowa, Longte Yullo of the
Nishing,etc.
24. Assam :-
CAPITAL – Dispur
CLOTHING --
Summer:-(April to October): Cotton Winter:-( November to March): Woolen
SEASON TO VISIT-October to April
Assam is the gateway to the north-east, a state known for its breath taking scenic
beauty, rarest flora and fauna, lofty green hills, vast rolling plain, mighty waterways
and a land of fairs and festivals.
It is also known that “Assam” is derived from the word “Asama” meaning uneven.
Assam is almost separated from central India by Bangladesh. Nagaland, Manipur and
Myanmar bound it in the east, west by West Bengal, north by Bhutan and Arunachal
Pradesh and south by Meghalaya, Bangladesh, Tripura and Mizoram.
It is dominated by the mighty Brahmaputra, one of the great rivers of the world
(length: 2900 kms), which not only has a fertile alluvial plain for growing rice, but also
is famous for tea. Earthquakes are common. There are nine national parks in Assam
and some of them are listed below:
Places of Interest:-
Kaziranga National Park ; Manas National Park ; Nameri National Park ; Orang (Rajiv
Gandhi) National Park ; Chakrasila Wildlife Sanctuary ; Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary ;
Guwahati ; Diphu ,etc.
25.
26. People :-
The ethnic origin of the Assamese varies
from Mongoloid tribes to those of
directly Indian stock. The earliest
inhabitants of Assam were probably of
Austric stock. They are termed as “
proto- Austroloid”, because they are
said to have migrated from the
Australian and some other islands of the
Pacific Ocean to the Asiatic mainland.
The Khasis and Jaintias appear to be
descendents of the proto-Austroloid of
ancient Assam. . Of course, among
different races, the Aryans could
establish their cultural supremacy over
this country.
Broadly, the inhabitants of Assam can
be divided into three categories, namely
the tribal population, the non-tribal
population and the scheduled castes.
The Tribal's consist of different ethno-
cultural groups such as the Kacharis
(Bodos), the Miris, the Deoris, the
Rabhas, the Nagas, the Garos, the
Khasis,etc.
Social and cultural Heritage :-
There is a gradual development of
liberalism in religious system in Assam.
The indigenous groups are Aninmism,
Tantricism, Brahmanism and
Vaishnavism. The Assamese were
practicing Tantric forms of rituals until
the advent of the new Vaishnavite
religion formed by Shrimanta
Sankardeva (1449-1568). The pristine
form of Hinduism began only when the
Aryans arrived in Assam.
The present Hindu caste system had
emerged with the immigration of
outsiders. Neo Vaishnavism entered the
land in the 15th century and is the
dominant faith if the Assamese people
at present. The Assamese society is an
open society based on the principles of
liberalism.
Assam is a land of fairs and festivals.
Most of the festivals celebrated in
Assam have their roots in the diverse
faith and belief of her inhabitants. They
reflect the true spirit, tradition and life
style of the people of Assam.
27. Economy :-
About 63% of the state’s working force
is engaged in agriculture and allied
activities. More than 79% of the total
cropped area is utilized for food crops
production. Rice is the principal food
crop. Jute, tea, cotton, oilseeds,
sugarcane, potato and fruits are the
main cash crops. Forest account for
22.41% of the total area of the state.
Assam’s tea gardens produce just over
half of the country’s tea and contributes
about one sixth of the world’s entire tea
production. Assam holds a unique
position in respect to mineral oil
production. Coal, limestone, refractory
clay, dolomite and natural gas are the
other minerals found in the state.
Extensive oil reserves were found in the
19th century and Digboi became the
site of Asia’s first oil refinery.
Assam is the largest producer in the
world of the golden colored “Muga
Silk”.
Festivals :-
The major festivals celebrated in Assam
are Bihu- Bhogali or Magh
Bihu (January), Rongali or Bohag
Bihu(April), and Kongali or Kati
Bihu (May) celebrated by people
irrespective of caste, creed and religion
throughout Assam. Other festivals are-
Baishagu (celebrated by Bodo Kacharis
during mid April), Ali-Ai-Ligang (festival
of the Mishing tribe, February-March).
Baikho (Rabha tribe, spring
season), Rongker (important festival of
the Karbis, April), Rajini Gabra and Harni
Gabra (Dimasa tribe), Bohaggiyo
Bishu (spring festival of the
Deoris),Ambubashi Mela (most
important festival of the Kamakhya
Temple is celebrated during mid June
every year. It is a ritual of austerities
celebrated with “tantric” rites)
and Jonbill Mela (spectacular fair held
every year during winter at Jonbeel of
Jagiroad, near Guwahati) and so on.
The people of Assam also
celebrate Janmastmi (August), Durga
Puja (October), Diwali, Idd, Muharram,
Me-Dam-Me-Phi, the birth and death
anniversaries of the Vaishnavite saints
Shrimanta Sankardev and Shri
Madhabdev.
28. Manipur :-
CAPITAL – Imphal
CLOTHING -Summer:-( April- October) Cotton ; Winter: - (November- March)
Woollen
SEASON TO VISIT- October to April
Manipur is the land of rich valleys surrounded by beautiful hills and lakes, a land of
gentle people full of laughter and joy. Many legends tell us the origin of Manipur.
Manipur means the 'land of gems'. This north-eastern state was described as the land
of gold or ‘Suvarnabhu’. Manipur was a princely state under the British rule in 1891.
The natural vegetation occupies an area of nearly 67% of the total geographical area of
the state. It is blessed with amazing varieties of fauna and flora. Depending on the
altitude of the hill ranges, the forest ranges from tropical to sub-alpine. The wet
forests, the temperate forests and the pine forests occur between 900-2700 m above
sea level and they together sustain s host of rare and endemic plant and animal life.
In Manipur natural habitat growing in soil or on trees and shrubs, spreading their
beauty and color, stunning the eye that is not used to seeing them in such profusion.
There are 500 varieties of orchids, which grow in Manipur of which 472 have been
identified.
Places of Interest :-
The most important places which are worth seeing is the Govindajee temple, a
Vaishnavite temple, adjoining the royal palace of the former rulers of Manipur. The
other places whish are worth seeing are the war cemetery, Khwairamband Bazar,
Shaheed Minar, Manipur state museum, Manipur zoological park, Langthabal,
Khonghampat Ochidarium.
29.
30. People :-
Manipur is a place where different waves
of races and culture met through the
ages, which ultimately mingled
together. The territory is divided into
two distinct zones- the valley and the
surrounding hill areas. The main
population of the people is of Manipuri's
known as Meities.
They claim their descent from
Parkhangba who ruled Manipur and had
the power of changing his shape into a
serpent with a straight tail. The 29
tribes inhabiting Manipur hills may
broadly be divided into Nagas and Kuki.
It is not possible to make a clear –cut
classification of the Naga group from
the Kukis- the important Naga groups
are Tangkhul, Kubuis and Mao.
The Zemeis, the Liangmei, the Maram,
the Thangal, the Maring, the Anal,
the Moyon are also included under the
Naga group.
Social and cultural heritage :-
The society is patrilineal though the
women bear the major yoke of labor.
Women share the responsibilities of
earning and are not confined only to
household duties. The household is a
true social unit ant the head of the
family has to perform certain religious
duties. Their families consist of man,
his wife and unmarried children. They
practice both types of marriage by
engagement and elopement.
By nature, they are lovers of flowers
with which they bedeck themselves
beautifully. Their dresses are simple
but tasteful. The woman wears colored
long stripped skirt, blouse and white
chaddar gracefully and the man uses
white dhoti and chaddar and in
ceremonial occasions a pagri.
The people of Manipur have inherent
love of performing art with lyrical
beauty and rhythm. Their rich culture
and tradition are also reflected in their
handloom, tasteful clothes and in finer
workmanship of handicrafts.
31. Economy :-
Agriculture is the main stay of the
people. About 88% of the total working
population in the hills and about 60% of
the working population in the valley
depend entirely on the agriculture and
allied pursuits like animal husbandry,
fisheries and forestry.
This is possible because the deposit of
alluvial clay from rivers enriches the soil
of the valley, and the large number of
hill streams ensures irrigation. The
staple food is rice and the minor
agricultural produces are tobacco,
sugarcane, mustard, etc.
The weaving industry is well developed
and each household owns a loom with
the women busy in the creation of
typically unique native designs. The
handloom industry is the largest cottage
industry in Manipur, with the finished
items often been exported.
Festivals :-
The Manipuri's rarely perform any
festival which is not accompanied by
dance, music and song. Their Lai
Haraoba festival is very interesting
dance drama led by priests (Maibas) and
priestesses (Maibis), depicting the
creation of life. It is celebrated during
March-April for about 10-15 days
before the village temples of gods and
goddesses and the entire village
participates in it. This festival of merry
making of gods and goddesses is an
example of the pre- vaishnavite culture
among them.
Holi is one of the most important
festivals of the Manipuri's and is
performed on the Vasant Purnima day
associated with the birth of Lord
Chaitanya of Bengal. During the holi,
festival young and all come out
accompanied by the groups of
musicians and go in procession to the
temples, with sprinkling of colored
water to each other.