NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.pdf
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Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, are medical conditions that are not caused by infectious agents and are not transmissible between individuals. The document discusses three examples of NCDs - cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases - and provides details on their symptoms, risk factors, and potential complications. Cardiovascular diseases affect the heart and blood vessels and include conditions like heart disease and stroke. Cancer refers to diseases caused by uncontrolled cell growth and division. Chronic respiratory diseases impact the lungs, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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This document discusses the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. It defines non-communicable diseases as conditions that are not caused by pathogens and cannot be transmitted between people. Examples include cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and allergies. Specific non-communicable diseases are then described in more detail, outlining their causes, symptoms and potential treatments or preventative measures. These include asthma, various types of cancer, cardiovascular issues, allergies and diabetes.
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Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): This is the most common type, accounting for around 85% of lung cancer cases. NSCLC includes subtypes such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
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Persistent Cough: A lingering cough that doesn't go away or worsens over time is a common symptom of lung cancer. It may produce bloody or rust-colored sputum.
Shortness of Breath: Lung tumors can obstruct the airways, leading to difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, even with minimal exertion.
Chest Pain: Persistent chest pain that worsens with deep breathing, coughing, or laughing may indicate lung cancer. The pain may be dull, sharp, or achy in nature.
Hoarseness: Lung cancer can affect the nerves controlling the vocal cords, resulting in hoarseness or changes in voice.
Wheezing: Wheezing, or a high-pitched whistling sound when breathing, can occur due to narrowed airways caused by lung tumors.
Unexplained Weight Loss: Significant and unexplained weight loss, despite maintaining normal eating habits, can be a sign of various cancers, including lung cancer.
Fatigue: Persistent fatigue or weakness that doesn't improve with rest can be a symptom of advanced lung cancer or cancer-related complications.
Loss of Appetite: Lung cancer and its treatments can affect appetite and lead to unintentional weight loss.
Bone Pain: If lung cancer spreads to the bones, it may cause bone pain, especially in the back, hips, or ribs.
Headaches: Metastatic lung cancer can spread to the brain, causing headaches, seizures, or other neurological symptoms.
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A lifestyle of a person is the way of living his/her life. In recent times, India has started to observe an increase in various kinds of health-related problems due to change in lifestyle regardless of their gender or age. Lifestyle disorders may occur due to different factors such as dietary patterns, habits and behavior, preferences, and more. An article by the business world states that nearly 61% of people in India die due to lifestyle or non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Lifestyle diseases are not limited to adults alone; nowadays, it is affecting kids as well.
Here is an article providing some of the profound insights on the most common lifestyle disorders, its causes and symptoms, and the preventive measures to be taken to avoid them.
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PROCEDRE
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Leukemia is a cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It causes the body to overproduce immature white blood cells that do not function properly. There are four main types of leukemia - acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The document discusses the definition, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment approaches which may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy and stem cell transplant, and management of the different types of leukemia.
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lifestyle diseases
Lifestyle diseases are health problems caused by changes in lifestyle that make breathing heavier and lower oxygen in the body. The driving force behind lifestyle diseases is cell hypoxia. Lifestyle diseases are caused by certain habits like poor diet, inactivity, and smoking as well as factors outside our control like age, gender and heredity. Common lifestyle diseases include heart disease, cancer, stroke and diabetes which have risk factors such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, physical inactivity, diet, alcohol and lack of exercise.
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- 2. WHAT ARE NON- WHAT ARE NON- COMMUNICABLE COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are medical conditions or diseases that are not caused by infectious agents or pathogens and are not transmissible from one person to another. They are also referred to as chronic diseases, as they tend to develop slowly over time and are long-lasting.
- 3. Cardiovascular diseases: Cancer: Chronic respiratory diseases: WE WILL DISCUSS 3 EXAMPLES OF NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE BASED ON THE SYPTOMS, RISK FACTORS AND COMPLICATIONS Some examples of non-communicable diseases include: These are diseases of the heart and blood vessels, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and hypertension. This is a disease caused by uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells, which can occur in any part of the body. These include diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and lung cancer Other examples of non-communicable diseases include Diabetes, Neurological and mental disease, kidney disease, liver disease, and autoimmune disorders. Non-communicable diseases are often preventable and can be managed through lifestyle changes, early detection, and treatment.
- 4. 1.Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) These are a group of medical conditions that affect th heart and blood vessels. They include conditions suc as coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. CVDs are a leading cause o death worldwide,
- 5. S I G N S A N D S Y P T O M S O F C V D HIgh blood pressure High cholesterol Smoking Obesity Diabetes Physical inactivity Family history Age Stress Poor diet COMPLICATIONS Chest pain or discomfort Shortness of breath: Palpitations Fatigue Dizziness or lightheadedness Swelling in the legs or ankles Nausea or vomiting Heart attack Stroke Heart failure Arrhythmias: Peripheral artery disease Aortic aneurysm Sudden cardiac arrest Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)
- 6. 2. CANCER Cancer is a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. These abnormal cells can form a mass of tissue called a tumor, which can invade nearby tissues and organs, and can also spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. There are many different types of cancer, including lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, and many others
- 7. Unexplained weight loss Fatigue and weakness Pain in the affected area Changes in skin texture or color, such as jaundice or skin darkening Abnormal bleeding, such as in the stool, urine or vaginal bleeding Persistent cough or hoarseness Difficulty swallowing or persistent indigestion Swelling or lumps in the affected area Changes in bowel or bladder habits, such as constipation or diarrhea Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath Age Genetics Environmental factors Lifestyle factors Hormonal factors Chronic inflammation Previous cancer Family history RISK FACTORS INCLUDE Pain Fatigue Cognitive changes Emotional and psychological effects Bleeding Secondary cancers Infection COMPLICATIONS
- 8. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a progressive lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe. COPD is a term that encompasses several lung diseases, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The main characteristic of COPD is obstruction of airflow from the lungs, making it difficult to breathe air in and out. This obstruction is usually caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke, air pollution, and other harmful particles.
- 9. coughing wheezing shortness of breath, and tightness in the chest. Symptoms of COPD Over time, the symptoms can worsen and become more persistent, affecting daily activities and quality of life. Smoking Environmental exposure Genetics Respiratory infections Asthma Aging Respiratory infections Respiratory failure Pulmonary hypertension Depression and anxiety