No Sacrifice In Vain Pp
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A Powerpoint presentation detailing American resistance to intervene militarily on behalf of the French at Dien Bien Phu in 1954.
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Lecture SlidesGive Me Liberty! AN AMERICAN HISTORYFIFTH ED.docx
Lecture Slides
Give Me Liberty!
AN AMERICAN HISTORY
FIFTH EDITION
By Eric Foner
1
Chapter 22: Fighting for the Four Freedoms: World War II, 1941 to 1945
The most popular works of art in World War II were paintings of the Four Freedoms by Norman Rockwell. In his State of the Union address before Congress in January 1941, President Roosevelt spoke of a future world order based on “essential human freedoms”: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. During the war, Roosevelt emphasized these freedoms as the Allies’ war aims, and he compared them to the Ten Commandments, the Magna Carta, and the Emancipation Proclamation. In his paintings, created in 1943, Rockwell portrayed ordinary Americans exercising these freedoms: a citizen speaking at a town meeting, members of different religious groups at prayer, a family enjoying a Thanksgiving dinner, and a mother and father standing over a sleeping child.
Though Rockwell presented images of small-town American life, the United States changed dramatically in the course of the war. Many postwar trends and social movements had wartime origins. As with World War I, but on a far greater scale, wartime mobilization expanded the size and reach of government and stimulated the economy. Industrial output skyrocketed and unemployment disappeared as war production finally ended the Depression. Demands for labor drew millions of women into the workforce and lured millions of migrants from rural America to industrial cities of the North and West, permanently changing the nation’s social geography.
The war also gave the United States a new and lasting international role and reinforced the idea that America’s security required the global dominance of American values and power. Government military spending unleashed rapid economic development in the South and West, laying the basis for the modern Sunbelt. The war created a close alliance between big business and a militarized federal government—what President Dwight D. Eisenhower later called the “military-industrial complex.”
And the war reshaped the boundaries of American nationality. The government recognized the contributions of America’s ethnic groups as loyal Americans. Black Americans’ second-class status attracted national attention. But toleration went only so far. The United States, at war with Japan, forced more than 100,000 Japanese-Americans, including citizens, into internment camps.
The Four Freedoms thus produced a national unity that obscured divisions within America: divisions over whether free enterprise or the freedom of a global New Deal would dominate after the war, whether civil rights or white supremacy would define race relations, and whether women would return to traditional roles in the household or enter the labor market. The emphasis on freedom as an element of private life would become more and more prominent in postwar America.
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World history s2 - week 14 - unit 5 test review
The document provides an overview and review of key topics covered in Unit 5, which focuses on World War 2 and the Cold War era. It outlines the structure of the upcoming test, including multiple choice and essay questions. Key historical figures and events from this period are mentioned, such as Hitler, Stalin, the Holocaust, the atomic bombs dropped on Japan, and the establishment of the United Nations. The spread of communism in Eastern Europe and containment policies of the United States are also summarized.
Lecture SlidesGive Me Liberty! AN AMERICAN HISTORYFIFTH ED.docx
Lecture Slides
Give Me Liberty!
AN AMERICAN HISTORY
FIFTH EDITION
By Eric Foner
1
Chapter 22: Fighting for the Four Freedoms: World War II, 1941 to 1945
The most popular works of art in World War II were paintings of the Four Freedoms by Norman Rockwell. In his State of the Union address before Congress in January 1941, President Roosevelt spoke of a future world order based on “essential human freedoms”: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. During the war, Roosevelt emphasized these freedoms as the Allies’ war aims, and he compared them to the Ten Commandments, the Magna Carta, and the Emancipation Proclamation. In his paintings, created in 1943, Rockwell portrayed ordinary Americans exercising these freedoms: a citizen speaking at a town meeting, members of different religious groups at prayer, a family enjoying a Thanksgiving dinner, and a mother and father standing over a sleeping child.
Though Rockwell presented images of small-town American life, the United States changed dramatically in the course of the war. Many postwar trends and social movements had wartime origins. As with World War I, but on a far greater scale, wartime mobilization expanded the size and reach of government and stimulated the economy. Industrial output skyrocketed and unemployment disappeared as war production finally ended the Depression. Demands for labor drew millions of women into the workforce and lured millions of migrants from rural America to industrial cities of the North and West, permanently changing the nation’s social geography.
The war also gave the United States a new and lasting international role and reinforced the idea that America’s security required the global dominance of American values and power. Government military spending unleashed rapid economic development in the South and West, laying the basis for the modern Sunbelt. The war created a close alliance between big business and a militarized federal government—what President Dwight D. Eisenhower later called the “military-industrial complex.”
And the war reshaped the boundaries of American nationality. The government recognized the contributions of America’s ethnic groups as loyal Americans. Black Americans’ second-class status attracted national attention. But toleration went only so far. The United States, at war with Japan, forced more than 100,000 Japanese-Americans, including citizens, into internment camps.
The Four Freedoms thus produced a national unity that obscured divisions within America: divisions over whether free enterprise or the freedom of a global New Deal would dominate after the war, whether civil rights or white supremacy would define race relations, and whether women would return to traditional roles in the household or enter the labor market. The emphasis on freedom as an element of private life would become more and more prominent in postwar America.
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World War II Posters
Give Me Liberty!: An American H ...
Week nine, wwii
This document provides an overview and outline of topics to be covered related to World War II and the US role. It discusses key aspects of the war including the home front experience, the differing perspectives of those fighting abroad, and the war's impact on social and economic changes in the US. Specifically, it highlights the war's role in ending the Great Depression, increasing women's participation in the workforce, and advancing civil rights for black Americans and setting a model for the later Civil Rights Movement. It also examines controversial aspects of the war such as the bombing of Dresden and the racial atrocities that occurred between US and Japanese troops in the Pacific theater.
Dennison Hist 390 things fall apart and then turn to mud
The document discusses the origins and outbreak of World War I through several key events in 1914. It begins with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28th, 1914 which increased tensions but did not necessarily mean war was inevitable. A series of political decisions and military mobilizations in July 1914 led countries to take sides along preexisting alliances, turning a regional conflict into a European war. By early August 1914, Germany had invaded Belgium and declared war on France and Russia, drawing the UK into the war as well. The initial battles in 1914 took place in Belgium and northern France as both sides attempted large scale maneuvers, but the fighting soon bogged down into trench warfare on the Western Front.
Vietnam
The document provides a historical overview of Vietnam from 1945 to 1979, including key events and figures. It describes Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh fighting French colonization after World War 2 and their eventual victory in 1954. It then discusses the US increasing involvement against the communist North, escalating bombing campaigns and troop levels. Public opinion turned as the war dragged on without clear success. The US withdrew in 1973 and North Vietnam reunited the country under communist rule in 1975.
Americas second crusade-william_henry_chamberlain-1950-379pgs-pol-usa
This chapter discusses America's entry into World War I as a "crusade" to promote righteousness. Initially, President Wilson and many Americans wanted to remain neutral in the war between European powers. Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare against passenger ships, culminating in the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915, increased pressure on the US to join the Allies. Wilson unsuccessfully tried to mediate a peace agreement. As the war continued with enormous costs, the prospects for negotiated peace faded. Germany was initially militarily successful but faced dwindling resources due to the Allied blockade. The US eventually entered the war in 1917 after Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare.
Korean and Vietnam War Presentation
Outlines the need-to-knows of these significant conflicts. I do not own the rights to the pictures but I researched and wrote the text as well as assembling it for a lecture in my Cold War class.
What role did ethnicity play in.pdf
- America initially remained neutral in World War 1 from 1914-1917 due to viewing the war as a result of issues internal to Europe. However, Germany sinking an American ship and the Zimmerman Telegram led America to enter the war in 1917.
- Ethnicity played a role in America's neutrality, as some ethnic groups with ties to European countries at war lobbied for or against involvement. However, Germany's provocations made America's neutral stance untenable.
- After entering the war, America helped ensure an Allied victory and established itself as a world power, but flaws in the Treaty of Versailles contributed to tensions that led to World War 2.
WWI part 2
The document summarizes the experiences of the American home front during World War I from 1917-1918. It describes how the U.S. government gained expanded powers and implemented the draft to raise troops. It discusses the roles of women and African Americans during the war, though black soldiers served in segregated units. Propaganda and the sales of war bonds helped generate support for the war effort. The document also outlines some of the key battles and leaders of the war, as well as President Wilson's Fourteen Points plan for peace and the creation of the League of Nations.
APUSH Lecture Ch. 25 WWII in Europe
The document provides background information on the events leading up to America's entry into World War II. It discusses the aftermath of WWI and the Treaty of Versailles which led to resentment in Germany. It outlines Italy's invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 and the Spanish Civil War from 1936-1939. It also discusses America's policy of neutrality in the 1930s as well as Japan's expansionism. Key events covered include Germany's rearmament under Hitler, the Munich Agreement of 1938, and Hitler's invasion of Poland in 1939 which marked the start of WWII. The document concludes with an overview of key events in Europe and North Africa from 1939-1945.
War2010
The document summarizes key events leading up to World War 2 in Europe. It describes how Germany remilitarized the Rhineland in 1936 and annexed Austria in 1938 through the Anschluss. In September 1938, Britain and France agreed to Germany annexing Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland through the Munich Agreement. Six months later, Germany invaded all of Czechoslovakia. In September 1939, Germany invaded Poland, marking the official start of World War 2, after Britain and France had declared war on Germany.
The Cold War
The document provides an overview of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991. It discusses key events and policies that defined the escalating tensions and arms race between the two superpowers, including Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech in 1946 marking the beginning of the Cold War; the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan establishing policies of containment and economic assistance for democratic nations; the formation of NATO in 1949; the Korean War from 1950 to 1953; McCarthyism and the Second Red Scare in the 1950s; and the Eisenhower administration's policies towards the Cold War in the 1950s.
Road to War
The document summarizes the rise of fascism in Europe in the 1930s and the events leading up to America's entry into World War 2. It describes how Germany, Italy, and Japan increasingly violated international laws and invaded other nations. While the League of Nations condemned these actions, they were unable to stop them. Britain and France initially pursued a policy of appeasement toward Germany. As Germany continued expanding territorially through Europe, President Roosevelt took steps to increase US defense and aid to Britain through measures like Lend-Lease, but most Americans still favored isolationism. The war began in Europe in 1939 with the German invasion of Poland. By 1940, Germany had conquered much of the continent while Britain stood alone, increasing pressure
US Foreign Policy 1920 - 1941
American isolationism that dominated the 1930s gave way to increasing involvement in World War II as Germany and Japan became more aggressive. Early FDR policies emphasized domestic recovery over foreign affairs but grew bolder in aiding Britain. The US enacted neutrality laws to stay out of the growing conflicts but still gradually increased support for Britain through cash-and-carry and eventually lend-lease aid. Japan's occupation of Indochina and tensions over trade led the US to impose sanctions, and Japan responded with a devastating surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, bringing the US fully into the war.
Goal 10 ppt
The causes of WWII included the harsh Treaty of Versailles, totalitarian leaders like Hitler, Mussolini and Stalin, failed peace agreements like the Kellogg-Briand Pact and the Munich Pact. WWII began when Germany invaded Poland in 1939. Major events included the Battle of Britain, Dunkirk, the Holocaust, and the bombing of Pearl Harbor which brought the US into the war. The war ended with the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. This led to the start of the Cold War between communist nations led by the Soviet Union and democratic nations led by the US and its allies.
Chapter 16 17
World War II had devastating impacts across the globe from 1939-1945. It began as tensions rose in Europe with the rise of dictators like Mussolini in Italy, Franco in Spain, and most aggressively Hitler in Germany. Hitler invaded numerous countries and ignored international agreements. Eventually most of Europe was under Axis control by 1940. The United States initially remained neutral but entered the war in 1941 after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Massive battles were fought across Europe and in the Pacific as the Allies worked to defeat the Axis powers. Over 60 million lives were lost making it the deadliest conflict in history.
The Cold War
Overview of the Cold War. Adapted from "Cold War in a Global Context" by William J. Tolley, "The Cold War" by T. Sothers and Hugh 07, and "Second Red Scare" by Paul Kitchen.
COLD WAR .PPT
The document discusses the period from 1945-1960 following World War 2. It describes the tensions that emerged between Western allies like the US and UK and the Soviet Union, including the division of Germany and establishment of satellite states in Eastern Europe behind an "Iron Curtain." It also summarizes early conflicts in the Cold War such as the Berlin Blockade and Korean War, as well as domestic tensions in the US over communism and spies.
Throughout history there have been many important events that were b.docx
Throughout history there have been many important events that were both avoidable and unavoidable. World War I was one such event that could have been avoided because the causes of the war, which were themselves avoidable, were the result of an unnecessary assassination. The main factors that led to the beginning of World War I were the idea of imperialism and the existence of European alliances. Once these factors were in play in European politics, they became somewhat of a time bomb that was to be set of with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
Within many countries, such as Great Britain, Germany, and France, there was a sense of nationalism that was very high. This nationalism led to these countries wanting to make themselves more glorious. They felt that the best way to do so was by being imperialistic. As Dr. Bloy says, “Weltpolitik or the desire for world power status was very popular in Germany” (Bloy, “Causes of the First World War”). Germany wanted to gain as much power as they could by attacking other countries and as a result, had no problems with going to war. While nationalism is a positive characteristic to embody, all of these great powers took their ideas about nationalism to extreme levels to the point that they went to war. This could very easily have been avoided if only these nationalistic ideas were a bit more tamed.
Aside from imperialism, another contributing factor to World War I was the existence of military alliances. Back then, all of the strongest competing European powers were in military alliances with each other. Therefore, when one country got attacked due to imperialistic desires, that attacked country’s allies were forced to retaliate against the attacking country and its allies. At the outbreak of World War I, there were two major alliances: “
The Triple Alliance
composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, stood opposed to the
Triple Entente
composed of Britain, France, and Russia” (Anonymous, “Major Causes of World War I”). These two alliances, which included the most powerful nations in Europe, were forced to attack each other when their intense nationalistic beliefs got in the way of peace and prosperity, which is what the alliances were set up to promote. Looking back, if these alliances did not exist, World War I would not have happened because nobody would have wanted to get involved in a war with other incredibly powerful countries.
Finally, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the one single event that tied all of these factors together that directly led to World War I. When Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist, Austria took the opportunity to attack Serbia. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was a clear attack on Austria that came about due to imperialistic desires that stemmed from Serbian nationalism. Once the assassination was made, the many alliance ...
US History: World War II
World War 2 began in September 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. Over the next 6 years, the Allied Powers including the UK, Soviet Union, US, and others fought against the Axis Powers of Germany, Italy and Japan. Major turning points included the US entry into the war after Pearl Harbor in 1941, victory over Germany in Europe in 1945, and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that led to Japan's surrender and the war's end in September 1945.
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No Sacrifice In Vain Pp
- 1. “No Sacrifice in Vain”Red China, Great Britain, the French Union and American Intervention at Dien Bien Phu Joseph Marchwinski
- 2. Background Indochina French Union Associated States Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam United States President Truman 1950 Eisenhower Operation Castor General Henri Navarre Dien Bien Phu November, 1953 The Siege March – May, 1954 Geneva Partition Elections Enter America
- 3. Historiography Melanie Billings-Yun Decision Against War: Eisenhower and Dien Bien Phu, 1954 Ike’s three conditions (1954) John R. Nordell The Undetected Enemy: French and American Miscalculations at Dien Bien Phu, 1953 American support for Operation Castor (1953) Mark Atwood Lawrence Assuming the Burden: Europe and the American Commitment to War in Vietnam Truman’s decision (1950) Lawrence and Frederick Logevall The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis “The Same Struggle for Liberty”
- 4. Primary Sources President Dwight D. Eisenhower “Ike” The Papers of Dwight D. Eisenhower - The President: The Middle Way, Vol. XV. Louis Galambos and Daun Van Lee Ike’s Letters to a Friend 1941 – 1958 Robert Griffith “Swede” Hazlett The Council on Foreign Relations The US in World Affairs 1954 Richard P. Stebbins
- 5. Thesis Question Why did the United States refuse to directly intervene on behalf of their French allies at Dien Bien Phu? Thesis My primary documents indicate broader American national security interests, the limits of its Cold War hegemony and the importance of domestic core values to US foreign policy. National Security Lens Red China American fears of escalation – after Korea Hegemonic Lens Great Britain The ability of the United Kingdom to resist backing the US Core Values Lens France The contradictions of military defeatism, domestic disunity and colonialism
- 6. National Security: Red China “No More Chinas” 1949 “No More Koreas” 1950 – 1953 Ike’s Dilemma Avoid confrontation and resist communism “United Action” SEATO National Security Interests Asian land war with China Chinese backing of Viet Minh The “buffer” “Do more harm than good”
- 7. Hegemony: Great Britain Post-WWII American hegemony Political Military Economic But was it limited? Churchill’s Britain “Special Relationship” UK interests – “You and Me” The Empire Hong Kong Malay The Commonwealth Australia New Zealand Japan Markets Raw materials Final Analysis Britain believed its national interests were best served outside of “United Action” “Frightened” The House of Commons
- 8. Core Values: the French Union Military Prowess American fighting man “No substitute for victory” French fighting man Heroic but defeatist? Lacking support Domestic Unity American people 1950s consensus French government Political weakness European Colonialism Self-determination and Democracy Principles common to both France and US French imperial rule Regressive Resistance to internationalization
- 9. Conclusion Dien Bien Phu May 7, 1954 10,000 casualties esprit de corps Operation Vulture Geneva May 8, 1954 North and South Ike’s three conditions precluded intervention Congressional backing Fully independent Vietnam Concert of nations Why? National Security threat posed by Red China Limits of US hegemony as seen in the successful resistance of the UK Clashing core values between the French war effort and American ideals