The document discusses the history and development of the N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus, from its origins in 1959 when the Council of Ministers recognized the need to intensify cancer research, to its current status as a leading cancer treatment and research facility in Belarus. It provides details on the Center's specialized departments, diagnostic capabilities, treatment methods including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and more, and its focus on clinical care as well as research initiatives.
This document summarizes information about PSMA PET-CT scans for imaging prostate cancer. It explains that PSMA is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and is a good target for imaging. A new development is using radiolabeled PSMA ligands like Ga-68 for PET imaging, which can detect prostate cancer with high sensitivity and specificity, including small lymph nodes and bone metastases. The benefits of Ga-68 include its generator production and labeling chemistry allowing automated preparation with a short half-life for reduced radiation dose. PSMA PET is useful for staging, recurrence detection, and assessing treatment response in prostate cancer.
Literature Review Of Management Of Pineal Region TumourLiew Boon Seng
- Pineal region tumors make up 0.4-1.0% of intracranial tumors in adults and 3.0-8.0% of brain tumors in children, with most children presenting between ages 10-20 years old.
- MRI with gadolinium is used to evaluate pineal region lesions and assess characteristics like size, vascularity and borders, though tumor type cannot be determined reliably from imaging alone.
- Histopathological examination is needed for diagnosis, as germ cell tumors are the most common in children and include germinomas and other tumors derived from totipotential germ cells.
This document discusses brain PET imaging for tumors, including normal brain uptake patterns, radiotracers like FDG and amino acids, factors affecting glioma uptake, and clinical indications for PET/CT and PET/MR imaging in gliomas. It provides details on the various radiotracers, their uses, and examples of images. Key points are that PET is useful for differentiating tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis, tumor grading, delineating edges for surgery/radiation, and provides prognostic information. Amino acids are best for recurrence differentiation while FDG is more advantageous for grading.
Riga Stradiņš University has established a Nuclear Medicine Clinic with a cyclotron and radiopharmaceutical production capabilities to improve cancer diagnostics using PET/CT technology. The clinic has the only new generation PET/CT scanner in Latvia and can produce its own radiopharmaceuticals. One such radiopharmaceutical is 68Ga-PSMA which the clinic is using to advance prostate cancer imaging, demonstrating better accuracy than conventional tests. A patient case highlights how 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT clearly revealed prostate cancer metastases not seen on other exams.
The document discusses various imaging biomarkers and agents. It lists biomarkers such as DCE MRI, FDG PET, volumetric CT, and DWI MRI. It also lists several imaging agents targeting Alzheimer's disease (Florbetapir, Florbetaben, Flutemetamol), prostate cancer (MIP1404, PSMA minibody, CTT-54), and unstable cardiac plaques (FDG, TSPO GE-180, VasoPET, EP-2104R, P947). The document provides examples of each targeting area and discusses the relevant medical needs and solutions provided by the imaging agents.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay
The document provides an overview of research projects funded by AXA on cancer and cancer-related topics. It summarizes 23 projects funded for junior researchers and 6 for senior researchers focused on understanding cancer mechanisms, diagnosis, and innovative treatments. The projects cover topics like identifying proteins essential for tumor formation, genomic instability in cancer, barriers to tissue regeneration, metastasis, mechanical forces in tumor growth, and developing targeted drug delivery using nanoparticles. Over €35.9M has been committed to life risks research projects, with over €5M going towards cancer-related research.
This document summarizes information about PSMA PET-CT scans for imaging prostate cancer. It explains that PSMA is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and is a good target for imaging. A new development is using radiolabeled PSMA ligands like Ga-68 for PET imaging, which can detect prostate cancer with high sensitivity and specificity, including small lymph nodes and bone metastases. The benefits of Ga-68 include its generator production and labeling chemistry allowing automated preparation with a short half-life for reduced radiation dose. PSMA PET is useful for staging, recurrence detection, and assessing treatment response in prostate cancer.
Literature Review Of Management Of Pineal Region TumourLiew Boon Seng
- Pineal region tumors make up 0.4-1.0% of intracranial tumors in adults and 3.0-8.0% of brain tumors in children, with most children presenting between ages 10-20 years old.
- MRI with gadolinium is used to evaluate pineal region lesions and assess characteristics like size, vascularity and borders, though tumor type cannot be determined reliably from imaging alone.
- Histopathological examination is needed for diagnosis, as germ cell tumors are the most common in children and include germinomas and other tumors derived from totipotential germ cells.
This document discusses brain PET imaging for tumors, including normal brain uptake patterns, radiotracers like FDG and amino acids, factors affecting glioma uptake, and clinical indications for PET/CT and PET/MR imaging in gliomas. It provides details on the various radiotracers, their uses, and examples of images. Key points are that PET is useful for differentiating tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis, tumor grading, delineating edges for surgery/radiation, and provides prognostic information. Amino acids are best for recurrence differentiation while FDG is more advantageous for grading.
Riga Stradiņš University has established a Nuclear Medicine Clinic with a cyclotron and radiopharmaceutical production capabilities to improve cancer diagnostics using PET/CT technology. The clinic has the only new generation PET/CT scanner in Latvia and can produce its own radiopharmaceuticals. One such radiopharmaceutical is 68Ga-PSMA which the clinic is using to advance prostate cancer imaging, demonstrating better accuracy than conventional tests. A patient case highlights how 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT clearly revealed prostate cancer metastases not seen on other exams.
The document discusses various imaging biomarkers and agents. It lists biomarkers such as DCE MRI, FDG PET, volumetric CT, and DWI MRI. It also lists several imaging agents targeting Alzheimer's disease (Florbetapir, Florbetaben, Flutemetamol), prostate cancer (MIP1404, PSMA minibody, CTT-54), and unstable cardiac plaques (FDG, TSPO GE-180, VasoPET, EP-2104R, P947). The document provides examples of each targeting area and discusses the relevant medical needs and solutions provided by the imaging agents.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay
The document provides an overview of research projects funded by AXA on cancer and cancer-related topics. It summarizes 23 projects funded for junior researchers and 6 for senior researchers focused on understanding cancer mechanisms, diagnosis, and innovative treatments. The projects cover topics like identifying proteins essential for tumor formation, genomic instability in cancer, barriers to tissue regeneration, metastasis, mechanical forces in tumor growth, and developing targeted drug delivery using nanoparticles. Over €35.9M has been committed to life risks research projects, with over €5M going towards cancer-related research.
diagnosis of cancer, bioluminescent detection, diagnosis of cancer, haplotype mapping, imaging gene expression in vivo, types of cancer diagnosis method, ultrasound imaging
Francisca Mulero-'La visión computacional se encuentra con la medicina'Fundación Ramón Areces
El 14 de noviembre de 2016, la Fundación Ramón Areces organizó un Simposio Internacional sobre tecnología aplicada al mundo de la medicina de la mano del Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts (MIT) y de la Fundación mVision. Este encuentro llevó por título 'La visión computacional se encuentra con la medicina'. Durante esta jornada, se analizó el impacto que están teniendo las nuevas técnicas de imagen en alta resolución para el diagnóstico de todo tipo de enfermedades.
This document discusses several methods for diagnosing cancer pathologically, including radiological, cytological, histological, and hematological diagnosis as well as immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and molecular diagnosis. Key diagnostic tests are invasive tests like cytological analysis and biopsy as well as non-invasive tests like X-rays, ultrasound, CT, MRI, and PET scans. Cytological diagnosis involves exfoliative cytology like Pap smears and fine needle aspiration cytology. Histological diagnosis uses biopsy to study cancer tissue at a microscopic level. Tumor markers found in body fluids or tissues can also help diagnose cancer.
Nuclear imaging techniques play various roles in prostate cancer assessment and management. Conventional bone scintigraphy using technetium-99m is effective for detecting bone metastases, though it lacks specificity. PET tracers like FDG have limited utility in prostate cancer due to typically low glucose metabolism in prostate tumors. However, PET may help stage more aggressive primary tumors or locate recurrent disease when conventional imaging is negative. Newer tracers targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) show promise, with radioimmunoscintigraphy using Indium-111-capromab demonstrating reasonable sensitivity and specificity for detecting prostate cancer lesions.
Acibadem City Clinic Cancer Center is a modern specialized medical facility for cancer patients. The structure comprises of departments and clinics in Medical oncology, Radiation Oncology, Nuclear Medicine, Radiology and Imaging Diagnostics, Gastroenterology and Clinical Pathology. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, rehabilitation and psychological support for the patients and their families. Patients have access to cutting-edge technologies such as PET / CT and SPECT / CT imaging, 3D mammography with tomosintesis, robot for automated mixing of medicines and many others. The leading specialists in the hospital are reknown and certified in famous clinics in Europe and around the world.
This document discusses fusion imaging, which combines images from different modalities to create a hybrid image. It describes fusion imaging techniques like PET-CT and SPECT-CT that merge functional imaging data with anatomical images. The primary advantage of fusion imaging is that it allows correlation of findings from two concurrent imaging modalities, providing both anatomical and functional/metabolic information in a single exam. Specifically, PET-CT fusion improves diagnostic accuracy and lesion localization by overcoming the limitations of each individual modality. In conclusion, combined PET-CT exams are more effective than PET alone for localizing lesions and differentiating normal variants from tumors.
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. Detecting recurrent prostate cancer is challenging with current imaging methods. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and provides a promising target for imaging and therapy. A new PET tracer labeled with 18F, 18F-FACBC, shows potential superiority over choline PET/CT in detecting recurrent prostate cancer.
- A 45-year-old female patient presented with bone metastases and osteolytic lesions that were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) via biopsy of a vertebral lesion.
- CUP accounts for 5% of cancers, where the primary site cannot be identified. Less than 30% are identified before death, though autopsy often reveals the primary site.
- An 18F-FDG PET scan is the most useful test to identify the unknown primary site. Pathological evaluation including immunohistochemistry can determine the tumor type and help narrow the possible primary sites.
Nuclear medicine application in colorectal cancersRamin Sadeghi
In this presentation a brief evidence based application of nuclear medicine in colorectal cancer is given.
All recommendations are based on NCCN guideline.
Metastatic lesions of the spine are most commonly due to lung, breast, prostate, and renal cell cancers. Evaluation involves history, physical exam, imaging like CT, MRI, and bone scan to determine location and extent of disease. Treatment aims to control pain, maintain stability, and preserve neurologic function through options like radiation, surgery, vertebroplasty, or a combination based on life expectancy and tumor characteristics. Surgical approaches depend on location and include anterior, posterior, or combined procedures with reconstruction and instrumentation.
This document discusses imaging techniques for prostate cancer, including CT, MR imaging, ultrasound, and bone scanning. It provides details on the anatomy of the prostate and origins of prostate cancer within its zones. MR imaging techniques like T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, MR spectroscopy, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging are described for evaluating prostate cancer diagnosis, staging, detection of recurrence, and assessment of treatment response. The roles of ultrasound and CT are also summarized.
This document discusses advances in oncological PET imaging. It begins by outlining limitations of current PET/CT imaging related to false positives, false negatives, and radiation exposure. It then describes several advances in PET imaging including new radiotracers for tumor characterization, instrumentation improvements, software enhancements to reduce radiation dose, and hybrid PET/MRI imaging. The document provides examples of how various new radiotracers beyond FDG can provide clinical benefits for tumor imaging and characterization.
1) Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction arises from glandular epithelium in the lower third of the esophagus or at the gastroesophageal junction.
2) It is diagnosed using endoscopy and biopsy and staged using the TNM system. Grading is based on the proportion of glandular structures in the tumor.
3) Treatment involves surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies like trastuzumab for HER2-positive cancers. Prognosis depends on tumor stage, grade, and response to neoadjuvant therapy.
Nuclear medicine application in neuroendocrine tumors (net)Ramin Sadeghi
This document discusses the use of nuclear medicine techniques for staging and treatment monitoring of neuroendocrine tumors. Positron emission tomography using radiolabeled somatostatin analogues like Ga-68 DOTATATE is recommended for staging most well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. In-111 or Tc-99m octreotide scintigraphy is also used but has lower sensitivity than PET. F-18 FDG PET is used for poorly differentiated and extrapulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. I-123 MIBG, somatostatin receptor imaging, or FDG PET are used for pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma staging if metastasis is suspected. Lu-177 DOTATATE
This document discusses the role of immunocytochemistry in body fluids. It begins by introducing immunocytochemistry techniques for body fluids and their importance in diagnostic cytopathology. It then covers topics like specimen types, fixation methods, standardization issues, antigen retrieval, controls, and the interpretation and limitations of immunocytochemistry. The document also discusses the application of immunocytochemistry to specific organ cytology like effusion cytology and breast cytology. It notes important site-specific markers and their role in determining the primary site of carcinomas of unknown primary. In conclusion, the document emphasizes that immunocytochemistry continues to play an important role as an adjuvant tool in diagnostic cytopathology and
This document provides information on carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP). It defines CUP and discusses the epidemiology, pathology, diagnostic approach, and treatment. Some key points:
- CUP accounts for 2-5% of cancers and has a median survival of 6-9 months. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histology (60%).
- Diagnostic evaluation includes imaging, endoscopy, and immunohistochemistry to identify the primary site. Cytokeratin 7/20 staining patterns provide clues to site of origin.
- Favorable prognostic subsets include isolated axillary adenocarcinoma in women, papillary adenocarcinoma of the peritoneum in women,
MRI Guided Trans Rectal Ultrasound Biopsy: A Molecular Approach to Diagnosing...Apollo Hospitals
The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of second-look Trans- rectal Ultrasound guided biopsy by comparing the histopathological results obtained by Trans Rectal Ultra Sound guided extended sextant core biopsy of the prostate done before and after
localization of lesions using MRI & MRS done prior to the procedure.
seminar on new technologies of cell and molecular biologyBiswajit Deka
This document discusses new technologies in cell and molecular biology. It provides an overview of molecular biology and its history. Current applications include understanding disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, transplantation, gene therapy, and drug design. Molecular imaging techniques like PET, SPECT, MRI, ultrasound, and optical imaging allow non-invasive characterization of key biomolecules and events in vivo. These techniques can be used for diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical applications by targeting specific molecules with molecular probes. Advances in targeted contrast agents are improving detection and visualization of diseases at the molecular level.
Accelerating the Delivery of New Treatments for Children with Neuroblastoma 2...Scintica Instrumentation
Neuroblastoma is a tumour arising from anomalies in the development of the sympathic nervous system and still accounts for 13% of all cancer-related death in children due to resistant, relapsing and metastatic diseases. There is an urgent need for the development of new treatment against high-risk relapsed neuroblastoma.
Overview:
Here we will discuss the ICR Paediatric Mouse Hospital approach which integrates more advanced mouse modelling, such as the use of genetically-engineered mouse (GEM) models and patient-derived xenografts to accelerate the discovery and evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies and help shape the clinical trial pipeline priorities for children with high-risk relapsing/refractory neuroblastoma.
We will also highlight the pivotal role of MRI within the Mouse Hospital which includes:
Enhancing and accelerating preclinical trials
Quantitatively inform on tumour phenotype and tumour response to treatment to:
Develop in vivo models that emulate the clinical treatment resistant phenotype using chemotherapy-dose escalation protocol
Characterize tumour spatial heterogeneity and evolution over treatment and guide the pathological and molecular characterization of the resistant phenotype
Finally we will also discuss how the compact, cryogen-free and user-friendly Aspect Imaging M-Series has transformed our way of working within the mouse hospital by providing a shared and easily accessible resource for tumour screening (with minimal onboarding) .
The NICB (National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology) is located on the Dublin City University (DCU) campus in Dublin, Ireland. It is a leading multidisciplinary centre of translational research in fundamental and applied cellular biotechnology, molecular cell Biology, ocular diseases and biological chemistry. It includes a multidisciplinary team of Cell and Molecular Biologists, Biotechnologists, Chemists and Informatics specialists.
The NICB prioritises translational research involving collaborations with industry and with clinicians, and is committed to educating people from all backgrounds in the area of Biomedical Science.
This slideshare summarises the main research areas of the NICB, including:
Molecular basis for biopharmaceutical production by animal cells
Cancer – drug resistance, invasion and biomarkers
Tissue Engineering/Stem Cell Therapy – ocular diseases, diabetes
Using animal cells as research tools and models for disease research
diagnosis of cancer, bioluminescent detection, diagnosis of cancer, haplotype mapping, imaging gene expression in vivo, types of cancer diagnosis method, ultrasound imaging
Francisca Mulero-'La visión computacional se encuentra con la medicina'Fundación Ramón Areces
El 14 de noviembre de 2016, la Fundación Ramón Areces organizó un Simposio Internacional sobre tecnología aplicada al mundo de la medicina de la mano del Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts (MIT) y de la Fundación mVision. Este encuentro llevó por título 'La visión computacional se encuentra con la medicina'. Durante esta jornada, se analizó el impacto que están teniendo las nuevas técnicas de imagen en alta resolución para el diagnóstico de todo tipo de enfermedades.
This document discusses several methods for diagnosing cancer pathologically, including radiological, cytological, histological, and hematological diagnosis as well as immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and molecular diagnosis. Key diagnostic tests are invasive tests like cytological analysis and biopsy as well as non-invasive tests like X-rays, ultrasound, CT, MRI, and PET scans. Cytological diagnosis involves exfoliative cytology like Pap smears and fine needle aspiration cytology. Histological diagnosis uses biopsy to study cancer tissue at a microscopic level. Tumor markers found in body fluids or tissues can also help diagnose cancer.
Nuclear imaging techniques play various roles in prostate cancer assessment and management. Conventional bone scintigraphy using technetium-99m is effective for detecting bone metastases, though it lacks specificity. PET tracers like FDG have limited utility in prostate cancer due to typically low glucose metabolism in prostate tumors. However, PET may help stage more aggressive primary tumors or locate recurrent disease when conventional imaging is negative. Newer tracers targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) show promise, with radioimmunoscintigraphy using Indium-111-capromab demonstrating reasonable sensitivity and specificity for detecting prostate cancer lesions.
Acibadem City Clinic Cancer Center is a modern specialized medical facility for cancer patients. The structure comprises of departments and clinics in Medical oncology, Radiation Oncology, Nuclear Medicine, Radiology and Imaging Diagnostics, Gastroenterology and Clinical Pathology. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, rehabilitation and psychological support for the patients and their families. Patients have access to cutting-edge technologies such as PET / CT and SPECT / CT imaging, 3D mammography with tomosintesis, robot for automated mixing of medicines and many others. The leading specialists in the hospital are reknown and certified in famous clinics in Europe and around the world.
This document discusses fusion imaging, which combines images from different modalities to create a hybrid image. It describes fusion imaging techniques like PET-CT and SPECT-CT that merge functional imaging data with anatomical images. The primary advantage of fusion imaging is that it allows correlation of findings from two concurrent imaging modalities, providing both anatomical and functional/metabolic information in a single exam. Specifically, PET-CT fusion improves diagnostic accuracy and lesion localization by overcoming the limitations of each individual modality. In conclusion, combined PET-CT exams are more effective than PET alone for localizing lesions and differentiating normal variants from tumors.
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. Detecting recurrent prostate cancer is challenging with current imaging methods. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and provides a promising target for imaging and therapy. A new PET tracer labeled with 18F, 18F-FACBC, shows potential superiority over choline PET/CT in detecting recurrent prostate cancer.
- A 45-year-old female patient presented with bone metastases and osteolytic lesions that were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) via biopsy of a vertebral lesion.
- CUP accounts for 5% of cancers, where the primary site cannot be identified. Less than 30% are identified before death, though autopsy often reveals the primary site.
- An 18F-FDG PET scan is the most useful test to identify the unknown primary site. Pathological evaluation including immunohistochemistry can determine the tumor type and help narrow the possible primary sites.
Nuclear medicine application in colorectal cancersRamin Sadeghi
In this presentation a brief evidence based application of nuclear medicine in colorectal cancer is given.
All recommendations are based on NCCN guideline.
Metastatic lesions of the spine are most commonly due to lung, breast, prostate, and renal cell cancers. Evaluation involves history, physical exam, imaging like CT, MRI, and bone scan to determine location and extent of disease. Treatment aims to control pain, maintain stability, and preserve neurologic function through options like radiation, surgery, vertebroplasty, or a combination based on life expectancy and tumor characteristics. Surgical approaches depend on location and include anterior, posterior, or combined procedures with reconstruction and instrumentation.
This document discusses imaging techniques for prostate cancer, including CT, MR imaging, ultrasound, and bone scanning. It provides details on the anatomy of the prostate and origins of prostate cancer within its zones. MR imaging techniques like T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, MR spectroscopy, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging are described for evaluating prostate cancer diagnosis, staging, detection of recurrence, and assessment of treatment response. The roles of ultrasound and CT are also summarized.
This document discusses advances in oncological PET imaging. It begins by outlining limitations of current PET/CT imaging related to false positives, false negatives, and radiation exposure. It then describes several advances in PET imaging including new radiotracers for tumor characterization, instrumentation improvements, software enhancements to reduce radiation dose, and hybrid PET/MRI imaging. The document provides examples of how various new radiotracers beyond FDG can provide clinical benefits for tumor imaging and characterization.
1) Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction arises from glandular epithelium in the lower third of the esophagus or at the gastroesophageal junction.
2) It is diagnosed using endoscopy and biopsy and staged using the TNM system. Grading is based on the proportion of glandular structures in the tumor.
3) Treatment involves surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies like trastuzumab for HER2-positive cancers. Prognosis depends on tumor stage, grade, and response to neoadjuvant therapy.
Nuclear medicine application in neuroendocrine tumors (net)Ramin Sadeghi
This document discusses the use of nuclear medicine techniques for staging and treatment monitoring of neuroendocrine tumors. Positron emission tomography using radiolabeled somatostatin analogues like Ga-68 DOTATATE is recommended for staging most well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. In-111 or Tc-99m octreotide scintigraphy is also used but has lower sensitivity than PET. F-18 FDG PET is used for poorly differentiated and extrapulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. I-123 MIBG, somatostatin receptor imaging, or FDG PET are used for pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma staging if metastasis is suspected. Lu-177 DOTATATE
This document discusses the role of immunocytochemistry in body fluids. It begins by introducing immunocytochemistry techniques for body fluids and their importance in diagnostic cytopathology. It then covers topics like specimen types, fixation methods, standardization issues, antigen retrieval, controls, and the interpretation and limitations of immunocytochemistry. The document also discusses the application of immunocytochemistry to specific organ cytology like effusion cytology and breast cytology. It notes important site-specific markers and their role in determining the primary site of carcinomas of unknown primary. In conclusion, the document emphasizes that immunocytochemistry continues to play an important role as an adjuvant tool in diagnostic cytopathology and
This document provides information on carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP). It defines CUP and discusses the epidemiology, pathology, diagnostic approach, and treatment. Some key points:
- CUP accounts for 2-5% of cancers and has a median survival of 6-9 months. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histology (60%).
- Diagnostic evaluation includes imaging, endoscopy, and immunohistochemistry to identify the primary site. Cytokeratin 7/20 staining patterns provide clues to site of origin.
- Favorable prognostic subsets include isolated axillary adenocarcinoma in women, papillary adenocarcinoma of the peritoneum in women,
MRI Guided Trans Rectal Ultrasound Biopsy: A Molecular Approach to Diagnosing...Apollo Hospitals
The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of second-look Trans- rectal Ultrasound guided biopsy by comparing the histopathological results obtained by Trans Rectal Ultra Sound guided extended sextant core biopsy of the prostate done before and after
localization of lesions using MRI & MRS done prior to the procedure.
seminar on new technologies of cell and molecular biologyBiswajit Deka
This document discusses new technologies in cell and molecular biology. It provides an overview of molecular biology and its history. Current applications include understanding disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, transplantation, gene therapy, and drug design. Molecular imaging techniques like PET, SPECT, MRI, ultrasound, and optical imaging allow non-invasive characterization of key biomolecules and events in vivo. These techniques can be used for diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical applications by targeting specific molecules with molecular probes. Advances in targeted contrast agents are improving detection and visualization of diseases at the molecular level.
Accelerating the Delivery of New Treatments for Children with Neuroblastoma 2...Scintica Instrumentation
Neuroblastoma is a tumour arising from anomalies in the development of the sympathic nervous system and still accounts for 13% of all cancer-related death in children due to resistant, relapsing and metastatic diseases. There is an urgent need for the development of new treatment against high-risk relapsed neuroblastoma.
Overview:
Here we will discuss the ICR Paediatric Mouse Hospital approach which integrates more advanced mouse modelling, such as the use of genetically-engineered mouse (GEM) models and patient-derived xenografts to accelerate the discovery and evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies and help shape the clinical trial pipeline priorities for children with high-risk relapsing/refractory neuroblastoma.
We will also highlight the pivotal role of MRI within the Mouse Hospital which includes:
Enhancing and accelerating preclinical trials
Quantitatively inform on tumour phenotype and tumour response to treatment to:
Develop in vivo models that emulate the clinical treatment resistant phenotype using chemotherapy-dose escalation protocol
Characterize tumour spatial heterogeneity and evolution over treatment and guide the pathological and molecular characterization of the resistant phenotype
Finally we will also discuss how the compact, cryogen-free and user-friendly Aspect Imaging M-Series has transformed our way of working within the mouse hospital by providing a shared and easily accessible resource for tumour screening (with minimal onboarding) .
The NICB (National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology) is located on the Dublin City University (DCU) campus in Dublin, Ireland. It is a leading multidisciplinary centre of translational research in fundamental and applied cellular biotechnology, molecular cell Biology, ocular diseases and biological chemistry. It includes a multidisciplinary team of Cell and Molecular Biologists, Biotechnologists, Chemists and Informatics specialists.
The NICB prioritises translational research involving collaborations with industry and with clinicians, and is committed to educating people from all backgrounds in the area of Biomedical Science.
This slideshare summarises the main research areas of the NICB, including:
Molecular basis for biopharmaceutical production by animal cells
Cancer – drug resistance, invasion and biomarkers
Tissue Engineering/Stem Cell Therapy – ocular diseases, diabetes
Using animal cells as research tools and models for disease research
This chapter discusses rapid learning health care as an approach to enable customized radiotherapy. It describes a 4-phase methodology: 1) collecting diverse patient, treatment and outcome data, 2) developing prediction models using machine learning to analyze the data, 3) applying the models in clinical practice via decision support systems, and 4) evaluating predicted vs actual outcomes. The goal is to improve treatment predictability and ensure patients receive optimal therapy while efficiently using resources. Next steps involve including patient preferences in decision making for personalized cancer care.
2023-11-14 Biomarkers Europe 2023, Berlin, Alain van Gool.pdfAlain van Gool
Lecture at the Biomarkers Europe 2023 conference for an audience of pharma scientists and omics/data solution providers. I outlined several initiatives of potential interest and discussed development of our sensitive personalized clinical biomarker test for minimal residual disease monitoring in multiple myeloma.
Dubina Michael biomedical technologies at Skolkovoigorod
1. The document discusses interdisciplinary research at the intersection of physics, biology, and medicine using nanotechnologies to study biological processes at the atomic level and develop new targeted cancer treatments.
2. Examples of research include using nanoelectrodes to study cancer cell phenotypes, organic quantum dots for siRNA delivery, and Raman spectroscopy for gene expression analysis without amplification.
3. The goal is to establish a research center in St. Petersburg to conduct full-cycle nanobiotechnology research across multiple fields to develop new drugs and medical equipment.
This document summarizes a case of screen-detected breast cancer that was managed through a multidisciplinary approach at the Janez Žgajnar Institute of Oncology Ljubljana. A 51-year-old woman underwent mammography screening where microcalcifications were discovered in her right breast. After a consensus conference and biopsy confirming high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ, a preoperative conference recommended a mastectomy and sentinel node biopsy with possible reconstruction. A reconstruction meeting proposed an immediate autologous free flap. Final pathology found invasive ductal carcinoma along with the DCIS, and postoperatively it was determined that completion axillary dissection was needed. The case was presented to the breast cancer tumor board.
This document describes a study that used a portable multiphoton gradient index (GRIN) endoscope to image unprocessed ex vivo human prostate tissue samples obtained from radical prostatectomy patients. The endoscope produced images at subcellular resolution and was able to identify differences between benign and malignant prostate tissue as well as other prostatic and periprostatic tissues. The study aims to evaluate the potential for multiphoton GRIN endoscopy to serve as a diagnostic tool for prostate cancer.
Biopsy proven cancer of the neck, which even after a complete clinical & radiological workup (that includes physical examination, CT scan, esophgeoscopy, laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy & multiple survillence biopsies) reveals or yields no primary demonstrable lesion.
Peter Hamilton on Next generation Imaging and Computer Vision in Pathology: p...Cirdan
Automated image analysis has had a long history but continues to grow with massive improvements in algorithms, speed, performance, and with emerging opportunities for high throughput tissue biomarker analysis and automated decision support for primary diagnostics. Of particular importance is the development of computer vision and image analysis for H&E stained samples. This talk will outline recent advances in automated tissue analysis for biomarker discovery and diagnostics and how adoption of digital pathology will drive the demand for quantitative imaging and decision support.
As an example, PathXL have developed TissueMark for the automated identification and analysis of tumour in lung, colon, breast and prostate cancer digital H&E slides. The conventional pathological estimation of % tumour nuclei in H&E samples shows gross variation between pathologists, undermining the quality of next generation sequencing, molecular testing and patient therapy and potential of false negative diagnoses. TissueMark uses a combination of pattern recognition, glandular analysis and nuclear segmentation to identify premaligant and invasive cancer patterns in H&E stained tissues and use this to assess tumour cell numbers and annotate samples for nucleic acid extraction and molecular profiling. Benchmark data was generated to validate TissueMark technology and showed concordance of automated data with manual counts, accelerating tumour markup and improving sample quality assessment. This represents an example of how automated imaging of tissue samples can be of immense value in quantitative tumour analysis for molecular diagnostics, thereby improving reliability in discovery and diagnostics.
This together with other examples in pathology research and practice will demonstrate that next generation tissue imaging technology in digital pathology could radically change how pathology is practiced.
The document outlines the vision and strategies for a new cancer care center. The center aims to provide outstanding cancer care for patients while advancing scientific understanding of cancer through translational research. It will establish a multidisciplinary, disease-based care model and develop new treatments to reduce cancer deaths and suffering. The center plans to expand clinical services and research collaborations, build a biospecimen repository, and pursue affiliations and outreach to support its growth.
The document outlines the vision and strategies for a new cancer care center called the Montefiore-Einstein Center for Cancer Care. The center aims to provide outstanding cancer care for patients while advancing scientific understanding of cancer through translational research. Key goals include delivering comprehensive cancer care through a multidisciplinary model, reducing cancer deaths and suffering, and creating a care system that maximizes outcomes and minimizes patient burden. The center will expand clinical research partnerships and build a biospecimen repository to support these efforts.
The document outlines the vision and strategies for a new cancer care center. The center aims to provide outstanding cancer care for patients while advancing scientific understanding of cancer through translational research. It will establish a multidisciplinary, disease-based care model and develop new treatments to reduce cancer deaths and suffering. The center plans to expand clinical services and research collaborations, build a biospecimen repository, and pursue affiliations and outreach to support its growth.
The document evaluates the ability of computer-assisted quantitative image analysis to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) grades based on nuclear morphology. Nuclear features such as area, axis, and perimeter were measured in HCC samples of different grades (I-III) using imaging software. Results found that higher grade HCC had significantly larger nuclear features and greater nuclear density and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios compared to lower grades, indicating computerized nuclear analysis can help diagnose and grade HCC tumors.
Seckou DIOCOU has over 20 years of experience in various roles relating to molecular profiling, cancer research, preclinical imaging, and histology. He has expertise in techniques such as cell culture, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, radioisotope handling, and small animal imaging. Currently he works as a locum molecular analyst and histotechnician. His background includes research roles at several academic and pharmaceutical institutions, where he managed projects, supervised trainees, and authored several publications in cancer and immunology journals.
Lab-on-a-Chip for cancer diagnostics and monitoringstanislas547
This document discusses lab-on-a-chip technology for cancer diagnostics and monitoring. It describes how lab-on-a-chip allows miniaturization of diagnostic tools to fit on a small chip. Examples are given of chips that can detect cancer markers from small samples of blood or other bodily fluids. The document outlines how lab-on-a-chip could provide frequent, non-invasive monitoring of cancer markers to guide treatment and detect recurrence. However, challenges remain in developing control units and integrating all necessary functions like fluid handling and molecular analysis onto a single chip.
Hans E Grossinklaus, MD, Director, Section of Ocular Oncology & Pathology at Winship Cancer of Emory University presents the Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) Update: Uniting to Advance Ocular Melanoma Research at the 2016 CURE OM Patient & Caregiver Symposium.
Discover the future of cancer care at Apollo Proton Cancer Centre. Leading the way in medical oncology with advanced treatments for a brighter tomorrow.
This study aimed to use karyometry to detect nuclear abnormalities in fallopian tube epithelium from women at high risk for ovarian cancer compared to low risk women. Karyometry involves high-resolution imaging and quantitative analysis of nuclear features too small to be seen by the human eye. The study found distinct deviations in nuclear features and signatures in fallopian tubes from high risk women carrying BRCA1/2 alterations compared to normal risk women. Specifically, measures of pixel optical density heterogeneity and very dark stained pixels showed a statistically significant shift, identifying an abnormal morphometric phenotype in high risk women. The results suggest karyometry may help detect early changes and improve ovarian cancer screening.
- The document describes a study that used multispectral cystoscopy with different light wavelengths to examine bladder mucosa and tumors.
- When green light was used, blood vessels in the bladder mucosa and submucosa showed up clearly in 3D. Blue light also made vessels visible but less clearly. Under red light, the mucosal surface appeared completely red and vessels could not be distinguished.
- For bladder tumors, green light allowed observation of tumor vessels and assessment of invasion depth, while white light showed intact muscle layer after tumor resection but not blood vessels.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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1. Minsk, Belarus 2009 State Establishment “N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus”
2. THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE BYELORUSSIAN SSR Resolution On Intensifying Cancer from May 23, 1959 № 364 Research Investigations The Council of Ministers of the Byelorussian SSR states that the level of researches on malignant neoplasm diseases is absolutely insufficient in medical and research institutes and establishments of the Byelorussian SSR. There is no material and technical basis for experimental studying the most important problem in the republic. Some oncological dispensaries (Mogilev, Gomel and others) are located in premises, inadequate in area, Vitebsk and Grodno dispensaries have no in-patient departments; there are no hostels-hotels for oncological patients undergoing out-patient treatment. With the aim to create necessary conditions for organizing and conducting broad experimental and clinical researches on cancer problem at an up-to-date level, training highly qualified specialists-oncologists as well as improving prophylactic and medical help to patients with malignant diseases , the BSSR Council of Ministers D e c i d e s: 1. To take into consideration that in the seven-year plan, the BSSR Public Health Ministry forsees constructing a 200-bedded research institute of oncology and medical radiology in a zone out of Minsk; 5 oncological dispensaries with radiological and in-patient departments.
3. 1960 y. N.N. Alexandrov – the founder and first director near a model of the future institute .
8. With the Decree of President of the Republic of Belarus Alexandr Grigoryevich Lukashenko from July 6, 2005 oncology is included into the structure of main trends of scientific and technical activities in the Republic of Belarus in 2006 – 2010
9. SE N.N.Alexandrov NCCB SE COH NCCB 5 regional ODs 6 interdistrict ODs and MCOD Specialized Medical Help to Oncological Patients 3 910 special beds for oncological patients 130 165 130 1 4 0 280+40 CCH 53 0 55 500 190 300 60 440 820 +130 Polotsk Vitebsk Minsk Settl.Lesnoy Vileyka Grodno М ogilev Bobruisk Gomel Mozyr Baranovichy Pinsk Brest
10. Centre Structure At the base of the Centre, the BelMAPO Oncology Department (2 Doctors of Sciences and 2 Candidates of Sciences) functions as well as the Council for dissertation defense Д 03.12.01 on specialties 14.00.14 – oncology 14.00.19 – radiodiagnosis , radiotherapy Research Sector : Clinical Sector: Departments and laboratories – 31 Auxiliary services - 21 Research departments – 13 Auxiliary services - – 3 Staff : 1578 persons, including 270 doctors Doctors of Sciences - 7 Candidates of Sciences – 31 Doctors of Sciences – 16 Candidates of Sciences 22 Staff : 135 persons , including 79 researchers
13. Hospitalized Patients 19343 Annually more than 200 foreign patients from the USA, France, Russia, India, Iraq, Poland, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Uzbekistan, the Ukraine and other countries undergo medical treatment in the Centre.
14.
15. Practically, the whole specter of biochemical, clinical, immunohistological, radioisotopic, molecular and genetic investigations is performed. Laboratory Diagnosis
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18. Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics Modern Methods of Molecular and Cytogenetic Investigations Comparative Genomic Hybridization , CGH Spectral Karyotyping , SKY Interspecific chromosomes segmenting , RхFISH Multicoloured human chromosome 5 staining , MCB
22. Telepathology system for giving on-line consultations on morphological preparations Modern equipment for biopsy material automated paraffin covering
23. Radiodiagnosis The department is equipped with modern , mainly, digital diagnostic instruments securing the use of an advanced filmless technology of getting, transmitting, processing and keeping images. At the base of the department one realizes a big work on training specialists in radiodiagnosis for medical institutions of the oncological profile of the Republic of Belarus (at working places and conducting thematic seminars). The permanent school for advanced training of radiodiagnosticians of Minsk region has been functioning here for 5 years.
30. Diagnosing Bladder Cancer on the Basis of Photodynamic Effect Bladder cancer manifestation after intravesicular introduction of 5-ALA (Alamin): А – white lit ; B – blue lit ( λ = 400 nm ), one can see additionally detected bladder tumours А B
40. Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatic Tumour Liver CT with bolus contrasting (portal phase) before (A) and after (B) radiofrequency ablation of solitary metastasis of bronchial carcinoid А B
41. Radiofrequency Ablation of Pulmonary Neoplasm Computer tomograms during the ablation (A) and 1 month afterwards (B) of the patient with a lung cancer metastasis after lobectomy. There is an encysted cavity at the metastasis place. B А
55. Patient Z , 34 y.o. Diagnosis : left breast cancer T2N0M0G2 . The condition after a complex treatment in 1996–1997 . DELAYED MAMMAPLASTY
56. The same patient . The condition after a delayed mammaplasty with a free TRAM-graft in 1999.
57. The same patient. The condition after the reconstruction of mamillary and areolar complex in 2001.
58. Right breast cancer Т2 N 1М0. The condition after bilateral subcutaneous mastectomy and one-stage mammaplasty through a combined method ( the broadest back muscle + endoprosthesis)
87. Material and Technical Basis of Remote Radiotherapy № Title of apparatus Mark of apparatus Producer Exploitation start 1. Linear accelerator Trilogy Varian ( USA ) 2008 2. Linear accelerator Clinac -2300С D Varian ( USA ) 2005 3. Linear accelerator Mevatron KD -2 Simens ( Germany ) 1996 4. Gamma-therapeutic apparatus Teratron Canada 2008 5. Gamma-therapeutic apparatus Rocus-AM Russia 1992
88. Material and Technical Basis of Short Focus and Contact Radiotherapy № Title of apparatus Mark of apparatus Producer Exploitation start 1. Apparatus for short focus radiotherapy X-ray -ТА 01 Russia 1997 2. Apparatus for contact radiotherapy Microselectron HDR-old Nucletron (Holland ) 1990 3. Apparatus for contact radiotherapy Microselectron PDR Nucletron (Holland ) 1995 4. X-ray-topometric complex for contact radiotherapy IBU Microselectron HDR Nucletron (Holland ) 2008
89. Material and Technical Basis for Preradiation Preparation № Title of apparatus Mark of apparatus Producer Exploitation start 1. X-ray simulator Acquity Varian ( USA ) 200 5 2. X-ray simulator Simulix Neucletron (Holland ) 1998 3. System for planning Eclipse Varian ( USA ) 2005 4. System for planning Oncentre Masterplan Neucletron (Holland ) 2008 5. System for planning Plato Neucletron (Holland ) 1995 6. System for planning Prazur Russia 1992 7. Computer tomograph Lightspeed General Electrics (USA) 2005
90. Material and Technical Basis ( Auxiliary Devices and Dosimetry ) № Title of apparatus Producer Exploitation start 1. System for making individual blocks Holland 2008 2. Fixing appliances and devices Sivco ( USA ) 2005 3. Set of dosimetric equipment Canberra Paccard (Austria) 2005
91. Linear accelerator with 2 photon energies and 6-8 energies of electrons with a many-plane diaphragm, with a mobile system of getting tomographic images through X-ray bundle according to the procedure “Cone - beam CT” for localizing a target, verifying an irradiation plan and posing a patient (IGRT) Radiotherapeutic Complex
92.
93.
94. Brachytherapy Using an Integrated X-ray and Topometric Complex (IBU) Brachytherapy of prostate tumours with high dose power controlled through TRUZI and planning in the SWIFT- system online
97. 6 months afterwards Patient C., 34 y.o., CIN III . 26 . 10 .0 7 . – PDT Before treatment Photodynamic Therapy under Cervical Dysplasia
98. Dynamics of Malignant Neoplasm Morbidity and Mortality in the Republic of Belarus 194,3 (- 3,1 %) 329,1 414,1 188,2 ( on 100 000 of population ) ( +24,8 %) Data of the Cancer-Register. Data of the National Committee on Statistics of Belarus 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Sickened 377,4 380,2 388,9 411,2 414,1 Died 189,7 188,5 187,3 187,9 188,2
99. Europe Belarus European Union Annals of Oncology 1 6 : 481 - 488 , 200 5 Belarusian Cancer-Register , 2008 Correlation of the Died due to Malignant Neoplasms to the Number of the Sickened (2004) Region Number of the sickened Number of the died Number of the died / Number of the sickened 2 886 800 1 711 000 59% 2 060 400 1 161 300 56% 32 798 17 892 55% (2004) 38 655 18 234 47% (2008)
100.
Editor's Notes
Разработка новых технологий молекулярной цитогенетики, основанных на гибридизации нуклеиновых кислот in situ, значительно расширило возможности современной молекулярной диагностики в онкологии. Принцип флуоресцентной in situ гибридизации заключается в следующем: меченная флуорохромом нуклеиновая кислота (зонд), наносится на морфологический препарат, прошедший необходимую предобработку, далее в гибридизере создаются условия для формирования комплекса меченой ДНК с ДНК исследуемого образца. После проведения гибридизации несвязанная меченая ДНК отмывается и осуществляется детекция при помощи флуоресцентного микроскопа. На представленном слайде показана транслокация (11;14), характеризующая лимфому из клеток мантии (красный сигнал- зеленый сигнал- желтый сигнал -).