Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is used to characterize organic molecules by identifying their carbon-hydrogen frameworks and determining molecular structure, content, and purity. NMR works by measuring the interaction of radiofrequency waves with nuclei, such as 1H or 13C, placed in a strong magnetic field. The positions of peaks in the NMR spectrum provide information about the chemical environment and bonding of atoms in the molecule. Common applications of NMR include determining organic structures, and medical uses like anatomical imaging and measuring physiological functions.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) GULSHAN.pptxGULSHAN KUMAR
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical technique that is used to probe the nature and characteristics of molecular structure.
NMR, principle and instrumentation by kk sahu sirKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
History
Principle
Assembly
Solvents
Chemical shift
Factors affecting chemical shift
2D NMR
NOE effect
NOESY
COSY
Application
Conclusion
References
NMR Spectroscopy is a powerful technique that can provide detailed information on the topology, dynamics and three-dimensional structure of molecules in solution and the solid state
It would be use full to All Needy People. It involve information about NMR Spectroscopy ( a spectroscopic techniques), factors influencing , proton NMR and their applications of NMR as well as Nuclear magnetic imaging.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) GULSHAN.pptxGULSHAN KUMAR
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical technique that is used to probe the nature and characteristics of molecular structure.
NMR, principle and instrumentation by kk sahu sirKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
History
Principle
Assembly
Solvents
Chemical shift
Factors affecting chemical shift
2D NMR
NOE effect
NOESY
COSY
Application
Conclusion
References
NMR Spectroscopy is a powerful technique that can provide detailed information on the topology, dynamics and three-dimensional structure of molecules in solution and the solid state
It would be use full to All Needy People. It involve information about NMR Spectroscopy ( a spectroscopic techniques), factors influencing , proton NMR and their applications of NMR as well as Nuclear magnetic imaging.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei.
تشخيص المركبات العضوية بواسطة الرنين النووي المغناطيسيssuserf14e50
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to characterize organic molecules by identifying carbon-hydrogen frameworks within molecules.
• Two common types of NMR spectroscopy are used to characterize organic structure: 1H NMR is used to determine the type and number of H atoms in a molecule; C13NMR is used to determine the type of carbon atoms in the molecule.
Introduction to 1H-NMR Spectroscopy
Presentation on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyDeepak Sakhuja
Presentation is based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy technique. It is well explained in concised form. Easy to understand, good fonts and attractive presentation.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei.
تشخيص المركبات العضوية بواسطة الرنين النووي المغناطيسيssuserf14e50
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to characterize organic molecules by identifying carbon-hydrogen frameworks within molecules.
• Two common types of NMR spectroscopy are used to characterize organic structure: 1H NMR is used to determine the type and number of H atoms in a molecule; C13NMR is used to determine the type of carbon atoms in the molecule.
Introduction to 1H-NMR Spectroscopy
Presentation on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyDeepak Sakhuja
Presentation is based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy technique. It is well explained in concised form. Easy to understand, good fonts and attractive presentation.
Levelwise PageRank with Loop-Based Dead End Handling Strategy : SHORT REPORT ...Subhajit Sahu
Abstract — Levelwise PageRank is an alternative method of PageRank computation which decomposes the input graph into a directed acyclic block-graph of strongly connected components, and processes them in topological order, one level at a time. This enables calculation for ranks in a distributed fashion without per-iteration communication, unlike the standard method where all vertices are processed in each iteration. It however comes with a precondition of the absence of dead ends in the input graph. Here, the native non-distributed performance of Levelwise PageRank was compared against Monolithic PageRank on a CPU as well as a GPU. To ensure a fair comparison, Monolithic PageRank was also performed on a graph where vertices were split by components. Results indicate that Levelwise PageRank is about as fast as Monolithic PageRank on the CPU, but quite a bit slower on the GPU. Slowdown on the GPU is likely caused by a large submission of small workloads, and expected to be non-issue when the computation is performed on massive graphs.
Adjusting OpenMP PageRank : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
For massive graphs that fit in RAM, but not in GPU memory, it is possible to take
advantage of a shared memory system with multiple CPUs, each with multiple cores, to
accelerate pagerank computation. If the NUMA architecture of the system is properly taken
into account with good vertex partitioning, the speedup can be significant. To take steps in
this direction, experiments are conducted to implement pagerank in OpenMP using two
different approaches, uniform and hybrid. The uniform approach runs all primitives required
for pagerank in OpenMP mode (with multiple threads). On the other hand, the hybrid
approach runs certain primitives in sequential mode (i.e., sumAt, multiply).
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/
This meetup is for people working in unstructured data. Speakers will come present about related topics such as vector databases, LLMs, and managing data at scale. The intended audience of this group includes roles like machine learning engineers, data scientists, data engineers, software engineers, and PMs.This meetup was formerly Milvus Meetup, and is sponsored by Zilliz maintainers of Milvus.
Data Centers - Striving Within A Narrow Range - Research Report - MCG - May 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) expects to see demand and the changing evolution of supply, facilitated through institutional investment rotation out of offices and into work from home (“WFH”), while the ever-expanding need for data storage as global internet usage expands, with experts predicting 5.3 billion users by 2023. These market factors will be underpinned by technological changes, such as progressing cloud services and edge sites, allowing the industry to see strong expected annual growth of 13% over the next 4 years.
Whilst competitive headwinds remain, represented through the recent second bankruptcy filing of Sungard, which blames “COVID-19 and other macroeconomic trends including delayed customer spending decisions, insourcing and reductions in IT spending, energy inflation and reduction in demand for certain services”, the industry has seen key adjustments, where MCG believes that engineering cost management and technological innovation will be paramount to success.
MCG reports that the more favorable market conditions expected over the next few years, helped by the winding down of pandemic restrictions and a hybrid working environment will be driving market momentum forward. The continuous injection of capital by alternative investment firms, as well as the growing infrastructural investment from cloud service providers and social media companies, whose revenues are expected to grow over 3.6x larger by value in 2026, will likely help propel center provision and innovation. These factors paint a promising picture for the industry players that offset rising input costs and adapt to new technologies.
According to M Capital Group: “Specifically, the long-term cost-saving opportunities available from the rise of remote managing will likely aid value growth for the industry. Through margin optimization and further availability of capital for reinvestment, strong players will maintain their competitive foothold, while weaker players exit the market to balance supply and demand.”
The Building Blocks of QuestDB, a Time Series Databasejavier ramirez
Talk Delivered at Valencia Codes Meetup 2024-06.
Traditionally, databases have treated timestamps just as another data type. However, when performing real-time analytics, timestamps should be first class citizens and we need rich time semantics to get the most out of our data. We also need to deal with ever growing datasets while keeping performant, which is as fun as it sounds.
It is no wonder time-series databases are now more popular than ever before. Join me in this session to learn about the internal architecture and building blocks of QuestDB, an open source time-series database designed for speed. We will also review a history of some of the changes we have gone over the past two years to deal with late and unordered data, non-blocking writes, read-replicas, or faster batch ingestion.
2. 2
Nuclear magnetic resonance is the study of molecules by measuring the interaction of
radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations in the region 4 to 900 MHz with the nuclei of
molecules placed in a strong magnetic field.
It is used to characterize organic molecules by identifying carbon-hydrogen frameworks within
the molecules and also used in quality control and research for determining the content and
purity of a sample as well as its molecular structure. The protons present in the molecule will
behave differently depending on the surrounding chemical environment, making it possible to
elucidate their structure.
3. Types of NMR-
Two types of NMR spectroscopy are used
1. 1 H NMR- used to determine the type and number of H atoms in a molecule.
2. 13 C NMR- used to determine the type of carbon atoms in a molecule
TheoryofNMR
The rules for determining the net spin of a nucleus are as follows;
If the number of neutrons and the number of protons are both even, then the nucleus has NO spin.
If the number of neutrons plus the number of protons is odd, then the nucleus has a half-integer spin
(i.e. 1/2, 3/2, 5/2)
5. • If anexternalmagneticfieldis applied,thenumberofpossibleorientationscalculatedby(2I+1).
Eg.:-HydrogenhasspinquantumnumberI=1/2andpossibleorientationis
(2*1/2+1=2)two,ie,+1/2and-1/2.
4
6. PRINCIPLE OF NMR
•The principleis basedonthe-
spinning of nucleus and
generating amagnetic field.
•Withoutexternal magnetic(Bo)
– field nuclear spinarerandom
in direction.
•With Bo ,nuclei align
themselves eitherwith oragainst
field of external
magnetic field
5
7. • If anexternalmagneticfieldis applied,anenergytransfer(ΔE) is possiblebetweengroundstatetoexcited
state.
• Whenthespinreturnstoitsgroundstatelevel,theabsorbedradiofrequencyenergyisemittedatthesamefrequency
level.
• TheemittedradiofrequencysignalthatgivetheNMRspectrumoftheconcernednucleus.andis
directlyproportionaltothestrengthoftheappliedfield
7
17. RULES FOR SPIN-SPIN COUPLING
• Chemicallyequivalentprotonsdonotshowspin-spincoupling &Onlynonequivalent protonscouple.
X
X Hb Hc Hd H
Ha C C C C H
HbcoupleswithHc
Hb&Hadonotcouplebecausetheyareequivalent
Hc &Hd donotcouplebecausetheyareequivalent
H H H H
• Protonsonadjacentcarbonsnormallywill couple.
• Protonsseparatedbyfourormorebondswill notcouple.
16