6. Goals of Drug Delivery
• Effectively treat
• Efficiently treat
Inefficiencies are considered acceptable if
there are no alternatives.
(Prime example—ocular topical therapeutics
via eye drops)
Source: google image
8. Principles of
Pharmacokinetics
Stages of Drug Kinetics:
(L) = Liberation of drug from formulation
(A)= Absorption of drug into the blood
(D) = Distribution of drug
(M) = Metabolism of drug (liver)
(E) = Elimination of drug from body (excretion via urine)
Source: youtube channel of The Devil is in The Detail
11. Challenge in Drug Delivery System
Therapeutic Index (TI) =
Drug Concentration Producing Toxic Side Effects
Minimal Drug Concentration for Therapeutic Effectiveness
Source: clinicalinfo.hiv.gov
12. The Issue of Patient Compliance
• Patient compliance is one of the greatest
challenges in drug delivery
• Patient compliance: the degree to which a
patient will follow a treatment plan.
Ex: poor “health literacy”, misunderstanding of side effects/
consequences, medicinal costs, forgetfulness, incompetency,
lack of trust, etc
Patient compliance should be
considered in the development of
treatment methods and drug
delivery system.
13. Controlled Drug
Delivery System
• The field of CDDS began in the 1960’s
• What exactly constitutes a Controlled
Drug Delivery System?
• They have predictable release
• Example: zero-order release
profiles, that have constant
release irrespective of time
Note: Not all disease models
necessitate zero-order release.
Treatment should be case-by-
case dependent fully on what
the goals of treatment are.
Source: Ratner et al., 2013
