This document provides an overview of major biogeochemical cycles, including the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles. It discusses: - The key components and processes involved in the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles. Carbon and nitrogen cycle through the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Phosphorus and sulfur cycle through sediments. - Human activities like deforestation, fertilizer use, and industry have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels by 40% and disturbed these natural cycles. - Disruptions to biogeochemical cycles can negatively impact the environment through issues like acid rain and global warming. Maintaining the natural balance of these cycles is important

1. Biogeochemical
Cycles
Presented By-
Pankaj chelak
M.Sc. 1st semester
SoS in Environmental Science
Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur (C.G.)
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2. Table of Contents
Introduction
03
01 02
04
05 06
08
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Impact of Covid-19
Environmental Impact of
Biogeochemical Cycles
Sulfur Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle
2
07
Effect of Human activities

3. Introduction
01o biogeochemical cycle is a pathway by which a
chemical substances moves through both
Biotic(Biosphere) & Abiotic(Lithosphere,
Atmosphere & Hydrosphere) compartments of
earth.
o The term biogeochemical tells us that Biological,
Geological & Chemical factors areinvolved.
o A cycle is a series of change which comes back to
the starting point & which can be repeated.
3

4. Biogeochemical
Cycle
Gaseous Cycle
Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle
Sedimentary
Cycle
Phosphorus
Cycle
Sulfur Cycle
4

5. 02
• 18% of human body
• Semiconductor
• Plastic, diamond, Graphite
o Present in some biomolecules
like protein.
o Present in atmosphere as CO2
approximately 0.04% (2019).
o Present in the ocean and fresh
water as dissolved carbon
dioxide(CO2 ).
o Carbon is also present in rocks
such as limestone (CaCO3)
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6. 6
6

7. 7
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8. 03
o Present in some biomolecules
like nucleic acid .
o Present in atmosphere as N2
approximately 78%.
o Present in the ocean and fresh
water as NH3, NH4
+
, NO3
-
o Nitrogen is also present in soil as
NH3, NH4
+
, NO3
-
• used as a fertilizer
• Preservation of food
• melting point (−209.86 °C)
• Boiling point (−195.795 °C)
8

9. Steps of Nitrogen Cycle
3. Assimilation
1. Nitrogen Fixation 2. Nitrification
5. Denitrification
NH4
+ + O2 NO2
-
By – Nitrobactor like
Nitrosomonas
Diazotrophs like Rhizobium
It is the reduction of nitrates
back into the largely inert N2
gas, completing the N2-cycle
4. Ammonification
When a plant or animal dies or an
animal expels waste, Bacteria or fungi
convert the organic N2 within the
remains back into ammonium
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10. 10

11. 04
o It is a part of DNA-molecules
and RNA-molecules, molecules
that store energy (ATP andADP)
and also in bones.
o Present in ocean as phosphate.
o the atmosphere does not play a
significant role in the movement
of phosphorus
o Phosphorus is also present in
Sedimentary rocks.
• White Phosphorus is used in
some explosives
• Red Phosphorus is used in
match heads
• Fertilizer
• Slowest nutrient cycle
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12. 12

13. 05
o Present in some biomolecules
like protein, amino acids.
o Present in atmosphere as SO2
o Present in the sea water as
dissolved sulfate (SO4
2-).
o Sulfur is also present in sulfur
sedimentary rocks.
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• Medicines
• Acid rain
• Necessary for chlorophyll

14. 14

15. Effect of Human Activities
15
06
• Human activities have
increased atmospheric
carbon dioxide by about
40%
• Deforestation
• Uses of fertilizer
• Industrial activities

16. Environmental Impact of
Biogeochemical Cycles
07
Biogeochemical Cycles are also
important because they store
elements and recycle them.
Moreover, biogeochemical cycles
can show you the connection among
all living and non-living things on
Earth.
Disturbance in Biogeochemical cycles always cause
negative impact in environment
Acid rain
Global Warming
Pollution

17. 17
Dwindling air pollution
There is more
freshwater available
The vegetation is
growing better
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08 Impact of Covid-19

18. References
● Respected Sagar Kumar Rajak Sir
● https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spe
cial:Search&search=bio+geo+chemical+cycle
&fulltext=1&profile=default&ns0=1
● Slide Go & slide share
● https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/
● https://www.google.com/search?q=carbon+cy
cle&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahU
KEwjcrLe6kt_uAhWg4zgGHUdDCQcQ_AUoA
XoECBoQAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=GK
cOHKwEoBwboM
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19. Thanks you
DO YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTIONS?
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