This document provides a nitrogen purging procedure for repairing a 16" gas pipeline between UTUE KP and UBIT PP in Nigeria. It outlines the objectives, scope of work, safety considerations, equipment needs, and step-by-step work procedures. The key steps include isolating and depressurizing the pipeline, installing nitrogen tie-in points, purging the line with nitrogen in cycles until gas concentration drops below 5% LEL, recording purge results, and demobilizing equipment. The procedure is intended to remove combustible gases and oxygen from the pipeline to allow for safe repair work.
Atmospheric Storage Tank Safety is dependent on various factors. To name a few:
1. Liquid movement in and out of the tank
2. Weather condition changes
3. Fire exposure
The presentation shows a basic overview of how we can create safe environment for storage and transportation of fluids.
Piping Design Course is very Important today. Basically, Piping is the work of Providing and Maintaining the Water Supply, Replacing Pipes and Pipe Work. SEA has trained & certified more than 3000 Engineers & Individuals in last five ( 5 ) years in different engineering disciplines and various sectors which include Oil and Gas , Petrochemicals , Refineries , Power Plant , Aeronautics & Construction projects etc. SEA certification / qualification is accepted and recognized by major National & International companies in the world including India , Saudi Arabia , UAE , Kuwait , Qatar , Bahrain , Oman , Jordan , Iraq , Iran , Yemen , Nigeria , Sudan , Libya , Turkey ,Portugal, Cameroon, Congo & other countries. Our SEA certified Engineers are already working in the above said countries.
Pressure Safety Valve Sizing - API 520/521/526Vijay Sarathy
No chemical process facility is immune to the risk of overpressure to avoid dictating the necessity for overpressure protection. For every situation that demands safe containment of process gas, it becomes an obligation for engineers to equally provide pressure relieving and flaring provisions wherever necessary. The levels of protection are hierarchical, starting with designing an inherently safe process to avoid overpressure followed by providing alarms for operators to intervene and Emergency Shutdown provisions through ESD and SIL rated instrumentation. Beyond these design and instrument based protection measures, the philosophy of containment and abatement steps such as pressure relieving devices, flares, physical dikes and Emergency Response Services is employed
Atmospheric Storage Tank Safety is dependent on various factors. To name a few:
1. Liquid movement in and out of the tank
2. Weather condition changes
3. Fire exposure
The presentation shows a basic overview of how we can create safe environment for storage and transportation of fluids.
Piping Design Course is very Important today. Basically, Piping is the work of Providing and Maintaining the Water Supply, Replacing Pipes and Pipe Work. SEA has trained & certified more than 3000 Engineers & Individuals in last five ( 5 ) years in different engineering disciplines and various sectors which include Oil and Gas , Petrochemicals , Refineries , Power Plant , Aeronautics & Construction projects etc. SEA certification / qualification is accepted and recognized by major National & International companies in the world including India , Saudi Arabia , UAE , Kuwait , Qatar , Bahrain , Oman , Jordan , Iraq , Iran , Yemen , Nigeria , Sudan , Libya , Turkey ,Portugal, Cameroon, Congo & other countries. Our SEA certified Engineers are already working in the above said countries.
Pressure Safety Valve Sizing - API 520/521/526Vijay Sarathy
No chemical process facility is immune to the risk of overpressure to avoid dictating the necessity for overpressure protection. For every situation that demands safe containment of process gas, it becomes an obligation for engineers to equally provide pressure relieving and flaring provisions wherever necessary. The levels of protection are hierarchical, starting with designing an inherently safe process to avoid overpressure followed by providing alarms for operators to intervene and Emergency Shutdown provisions through ESD and SIL rated instrumentation. Beyond these design and instrument based protection measures, the philosophy of containment and abatement steps such as pressure relieving devices, flares, physical dikes and Emergency Response Services is employed
Pressure Relief Valve Sizing for Single Phase FlowVikram Sharma
This presentation file provides a quick refresher to pressure relief valve sizing for single phase flow. The calculation guideline is as per API Std 520.
Ever imagined those how cross-country pipelines where built. The stages of the construction of a pipeline can be likened to a moving assembly line. A large project typically is broken into manageable lengths called “work-spreads,” which utilizes highly specialized and qualified teams. Each spread is composed of various crews, each with its own roles. As one crew completes its work, the next crew moves into position to complete its piece of the construction process. This presentation highlights the key stages of onshore pipeline construction.
1. Purpose of Hydro test.
2. Types of Pressure Test.
3. Procedure of Hydro test.
4. Limitations of Pneumatic Test.
5. Hydro testing test Pressure.
6. Test pressure subjected to external pressure.
7. Hydro test Pressure according to different process.
8. Volume required for the Hydro testing.
9. Pipeline De watering, Cleaning & Drying.
Design Calculations of Venting in Atmospheric and Low-pressure Storage Tanks ...Pradeep Dhondi
hi
i have made an excel base software base on API st.2000 "Design Calculations of Venting in Atmospheric and Low-pressure Storage Tanks" to make calculation easy and accurate , i have take many case study and verified my software got positive result.
if you think you need this software for design the vent , please go to "rajiravi.ml" website there you can find complete information base on software and information based on contact etc...
Excel sheet Download Link: https://www.scribd.com/document/385945712/PSV-Sizing-Tool-API-Based-Calc-Sheets
PSV Sizing for Blocked Liquid Discharge Condition
PSV Sizing for Blocked Gas Discharge Condition
PSV Sizing for Fire Case of Liquid Filled Vessel
PSV Sizing for Control Valve Fail Open Case
Relief Valve Sizing for Thermal Expansion
Restriction Orifice Sizing for Gas Flow
Restriction Orifice Sizing for Liquid Flow
Single Phase Flow Line Sizing Tool
Gas Control Valve Sizing Tool
Piping Training course-How to be an Expert in Pipe & Fittings for Oil & Gas c...Varun Patel
Course Description
Piping a must know skill to work in Oil & Gas and similar Process Industries.
Oil and Gas industry is become a very competitive in the current time. Getting right mentor and right exposer within industry is difficult. With limited training budget spent by company on employee training, it is difficult to acquire the knowledge to success.
Knowing cross-functional skill give you an edge over others in your career success.
This course design based on years of field experience to ensure student will comprehend technical details easily and enjoy overall journey.
Learn in detail every aspect of Pipe & Pipe Fittings used in process industry
•Different types of Pipe, Pipe fittings (Elbow, Tee, reducers, Caps etc.), Flanges, Gaskets, Branch Connection, Bolting materials
•Materials (Metal-Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Alloy Steel etc. Non-Metal- PVC/VCM, HDPE, GRE-GRP etc.)
•Manufacturing methods
•Heat treatment requirements
•Inspection and Testing requirements (Non Destructive Testing, Mechanical & Chemical testing)
•Dimensions & Markings requirements
•Code & Standard used in piping
Content and Overview
With 2 hours of content including 30 lectures & 8 Quizzes, this course cover every aspect of Pipe, Pipe fittings, flanges, gaskets, branch connections and bolting material used in Process Piping.
This Course is divided in three parts.
1st part of the course covers fundamental of process industries. In this Part, you will learn about fundamental process piping. You will also learn about Code, Standard & Specification used in process industries.
2nd part cover various types of material used in process industries. In this part, you will learn about Metallic and Non-Metallic material used to manufacture pipe and other piping components.
3rd parts covers in detail about pipe and piping components used in Process piping. In this part we will learn about Industry terminology of Piping components, types of industrial material grade used in manufacturing and entire manufacturing process of these components. You will learn about different manufacturing methods, Heat treatment requirements, Destructive and Non-destructive testing, Visual & Dimensional inspection and Product marking requirements.
Upon completion, you will be able to use this knowledge direct on your Job and you can easily answer any interview question on pipe & fittings.
Accumulation and Over-pressure: difference between accumulation and overpressureVarun Patel
Accumulation is pressure above the maximum allowable working pressure that vessel experience during high pressure event. Hence, when we say ‘accumulation’, its mean we are talking about the vessel or equipment.
On the other hand, Overpressure is pressure above the set pressure of the pressure safety valve that PSV experience during high pressure event. Hence, when we say ‘accumulation’, its mean we are talking about the pressure relief valve.
Within industry, piping is a system of pipes used to convey fluids (liquids and gases) from one location to another. The engineering discipline of piping design studies the efficient transport of fluid
Industrial process piping (and accompanying in-line components) can be manufactured from wood, fiberglass, glass, steel, aluminum, plastic, copper, and concrete. The in-line components, known as fittings, valves, and other devices, typically sense and control the pressure, flow rate and temperature of the transmitted fluid, and usually are included in the field of Piping Design (or Piping Engineering). Piping systems are documented in piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). If necessary, pipes can be cleaned by the tube cleaning process.
"Piping" sometimes refers to Piping Design, the detailed specification of the physical piping layout within a process plant or commercial building. In earlier days, this was sometimes called Drafting, Technical drawing, Engineering Drawing, and Design but is today commonly performed by Designers who have learned to use automated Computer Aided Drawing / Computer Aided Design (CAD) software
Importance & requirement of Rupture Disk in Industry. Sizing and selection of Safety Relief valves and Rupture Disks. Selection and types of rupture disks. Sizing calculation of rupture disks, PRVs and determination of required relief load.
Wellhead equipment Introduction Based on API 6a & NACEAmir Rafati
1. Typical Onshore Wellhead and Casing Head Types
• CSG HEAD NO.1
• CSG HEAD NO.3
• CSG HEAD NO.6
• CSG HEAD NO.8
• CSG HEAD NO.9
• CSG HEAD DESIGN DUE TO FIELD EXPERIENCES
• AG(H)-10K
• B(H)-10K
• C(H)-5K
• V(H)-5K
• T(H)-3K,5K
• WELLHEAD DESIGN DUE TO FIELD EXPERIENCES
2. Brief Description of Wellhead Equipment and their Types
• Sealings and Ring Gaskets
• Safety valves
• Gate valves
• Double Studded Adaptors
• Spools
• Hangers
• Flanges
3. Install and Testing Wellhead and Casing Head Equipment
• Safety valves
• Gate valves
• Double Studded Adaptors
• Spools
• Hangers
• Flanges
4. Introduction to API 6A applications
• PSL: PRODUCT SPECIFICATION LEVELS
• PR: PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT
• T/C: TEMPERATURE CLASS
• M/C: MATERIAL CLASS
Design Calculation of Venting for Atmospheric & Low Pressure Storage TanksKushagra Saxena
Storage Tanks are a very important part of a petroleum Industry, This software is based on the API Std. 2000, which calculates the design of Venting and its capacity for low pressure storage & atmospheric storage tanks in case of normal venting, due to thermal changes, and in case of fire exposure.
If you are in need of this software, Kindly contact at saxena.95kushagra@gmail.com
Quality Control & Quality Assurance of MS pipelineIEI GSC
This presentation re. QC & QA of M S pipelines was made at Gujarat State Centre of the Institution of Engineers (India) at Ahmedabad by Er. Manoj Raghavan of SGS (India) Ltd.
A case study of thinning of ng (natural gas) injection line in mp section bef...Prem Baboo
In urea plant Medium pressure Inerts gases recover HRU burner in Captive Power Plant. The inserts containing useful fuel in the form of Hydrogen & Methane about 40-45% volume percentage of total inerts. This inerts also containing Oxygen because the passivation air is given in carbon Dioxide compressor suction line for passivation of Reactor vessel and all downstream Stainless Steel vessel. In the presence of Oxygen there are chances of explosive mixture of Hydrogen and Oxygen in exit of MP section final vent line, to overcome this dangerous situation natural gases are added in the MP section before MP condenser so that the range of explosive can be avoided. These gases Hydrogen & Methane come with carbon Dioxide gas from Ammonia plant, carbon Dioxide about 0.5-0.7 % and Methane about 0.08 to0.1%. But we have seen after implementation of this scheme, frequent leakage was observed from inlet flange as well as heavy erosion was noticed in the inside surface of vapour inlet line and flange. Erosion was noticed from NG injection point and extended downstream up to nozzle flange in elliptical pattern. Material of construction of the process piping is A312 TP -316 L (Cr-18%, Ni-12%, Mo-2.0%, N-0.2%, and C-0.03%) which is compliable as per basic licenser. Hence frequent thinning of the pipe wall nearing injection point is due to sudden expansion of natural gas. In order to minimize pipe wall erosion phenomenon near NG injection point an alternative arrangement of NG injection extending the 1” NG line up to center of the vapour inlet line has been implemented and location of injection also changed as fig.-3.
Pressure Relief Valve Sizing for Single Phase FlowVikram Sharma
This presentation file provides a quick refresher to pressure relief valve sizing for single phase flow. The calculation guideline is as per API Std 520.
Ever imagined those how cross-country pipelines where built. The stages of the construction of a pipeline can be likened to a moving assembly line. A large project typically is broken into manageable lengths called “work-spreads,” which utilizes highly specialized and qualified teams. Each spread is composed of various crews, each with its own roles. As one crew completes its work, the next crew moves into position to complete its piece of the construction process. This presentation highlights the key stages of onshore pipeline construction.
1. Purpose of Hydro test.
2. Types of Pressure Test.
3. Procedure of Hydro test.
4. Limitations of Pneumatic Test.
5. Hydro testing test Pressure.
6. Test pressure subjected to external pressure.
7. Hydro test Pressure according to different process.
8. Volume required for the Hydro testing.
9. Pipeline De watering, Cleaning & Drying.
Design Calculations of Venting in Atmospheric and Low-pressure Storage Tanks ...Pradeep Dhondi
hi
i have made an excel base software base on API st.2000 "Design Calculations of Venting in Atmospheric and Low-pressure Storage Tanks" to make calculation easy and accurate , i have take many case study and verified my software got positive result.
if you think you need this software for design the vent , please go to "rajiravi.ml" website there you can find complete information base on software and information based on contact etc...
Excel sheet Download Link: https://www.scribd.com/document/385945712/PSV-Sizing-Tool-API-Based-Calc-Sheets
PSV Sizing for Blocked Liquid Discharge Condition
PSV Sizing for Blocked Gas Discharge Condition
PSV Sizing for Fire Case of Liquid Filled Vessel
PSV Sizing for Control Valve Fail Open Case
Relief Valve Sizing for Thermal Expansion
Restriction Orifice Sizing for Gas Flow
Restriction Orifice Sizing for Liquid Flow
Single Phase Flow Line Sizing Tool
Gas Control Valve Sizing Tool
Piping Training course-How to be an Expert in Pipe & Fittings for Oil & Gas c...Varun Patel
Course Description
Piping a must know skill to work in Oil & Gas and similar Process Industries.
Oil and Gas industry is become a very competitive in the current time. Getting right mentor and right exposer within industry is difficult. With limited training budget spent by company on employee training, it is difficult to acquire the knowledge to success.
Knowing cross-functional skill give you an edge over others in your career success.
This course design based on years of field experience to ensure student will comprehend technical details easily and enjoy overall journey.
Learn in detail every aspect of Pipe & Pipe Fittings used in process industry
•Different types of Pipe, Pipe fittings (Elbow, Tee, reducers, Caps etc.), Flanges, Gaskets, Branch Connection, Bolting materials
•Materials (Metal-Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Alloy Steel etc. Non-Metal- PVC/VCM, HDPE, GRE-GRP etc.)
•Manufacturing methods
•Heat treatment requirements
•Inspection and Testing requirements (Non Destructive Testing, Mechanical & Chemical testing)
•Dimensions & Markings requirements
•Code & Standard used in piping
Content and Overview
With 2 hours of content including 30 lectures & 8 Quizzes, this course cover every aspect of Pipe, Pipe fittings, flanges, gaskets, branch connections and bolting material used in Process Piping.
This Course is divided in three parts.
1st part of the course covers fundamental of process industries. In this Part, you will learn about fundamental process piping. You will also learn about Code, Standard & Specification used in process industries.
2nd part cover various types of material used in process industries. In this part, you will learn about Metallic and Non-Metallic material used to manufacture pipe and other piping components.
3rd parts covers in detail about pipe and piping components used in Process piping. In this part we will learn about Industry terminology of Piping components, types of industrial material grade used in manufacturing and entire manufacturing process of these components. You will learn about different manufacturing methods, Heat treatment requirements, Destructive and Non-destructive testing, Visual & Dimensional inspection and Product marking requirements.
Upon completion, you will be able to use this knowledge direct on your Job and you can easily answer any interview question on pipe & fittings.
Accumulation and Over-pressure: difference between accumulation and overpressureVarun Patel
Accumulation is pressure above the maximum allowable working pressure that vessel experience during high pressure event. Hence, when we say ‘accumulation’, its mean we are talking about the vessel or equipment.
On the other hand, Overpressure is pressure above the set pressure of the pressure safety valve that PSV experience during high pressure event. Hence, when we say ‘accumulation’, its mean we are talking about the pressure relief valve.
Within industry, piping is a system of pipes used to convey fluids (liquids and gases) from one location to another. The engineering discipline of piping design studies the efficient transport of fluid
Industrial process piping (and accompanying in-line components) can be manufactured from wood, fiberglass, glass, steel, aluminum, plastic, copper, and concrete. The in-line components, known as fittings, valves, and other devices, typically sense and control the pressure, flow rate and temperature of the transmitted fluid, and usually are included in the field of Piping Design (or Piping Engineering). Piping systems are documented in piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). If necessary, pipes can be cleaned by the tube cleaning process.
"Piping" sometimes refers to Piping Design, the detailed specification of the physical piping layout within a process plant or commercial building. In earlier days, this was sometimes called Drafting, Technical drawing, Engineering Drawing, and Design but is today commonly performed by Designers who have learned to use automated Computer Aided Drawing / Computer Aided Design (CAD) software
Importance & requirement of Rupture Disk in Industry. Sizing and selection of Safety Relief valves and Rupture Disks. Selection and types of rupture disks. Sizing calculation of rupture disks, PRVs and determination of required relief load.
Wellhead equipment Introduction Based on API 6a & NACEAmir Rafati
1. Typical Onshore Wellhead and Casing Head Types
• CSG HEAD NO.1
• CSG HEAD NO.3
• CSG HEAD NO.6
• CSG HEAD NO.8
• CSG HEAD NO.9
• CSG HEAD DESIGN DUE TO FIELD EXPERIENCES
• AG(H)-10K
• B(H)-10K
• C(H)-5K
• V(H)-5K
• T(H)-3K,5K
• WELLHEAD DESIGN DUE TO FIELD EXPERIENCES
2. Brief Description of Wellhead Equipment and their Types
• Sealings and Ring Gaskets
• Safety valves
• Gate valves
• Double Studded Adaptors
• Spools
• Hangers
• Flanges
3. Install and Testing Wellhead and Casing Head Equipment
• Safety valves
• Gate valves
• Double Studded Adaptors
• Spools
• Hangers
• Flanges
4. Introduction to API 6A applications
• PSL: PRODUCT SPECIFICATION LEVELS
• PR: PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT
• T/C: TEMPERATURE CLASS
• M/C: MATERIAL CLASS
Design Calculation of Venting for Atmospheric & Low Pressure Storage TanksKushagra Saxena
Storage Tanks are a very important part of a petroleum Industry, This software is based on the API Std. 2000, which calculates the design of Venting and its capacity for low pressure storage & atmospheric storage tanks in case of normal venting, due to thermal changes, and in case of fire exposure.
If you are in need of this software, Kindly contact at saxena.95kushagra@gmail.com
Quality Control & Quality Assurance of MS pipelineIEI GSC
This presentation re. QC & QA of M S pipelines was made at Gujarat State Centre of the Institution of Engineers (India) at Ahmedabad by Er. Manoj Raghavan of SGS (India) Ltd.
A case study of thinning of ng (natural gas) injection line in mp section bef...Prem Baboo
In urea plant Medium pressure Inerts gases recover HRU burner in Captive Power Plant. The inserts containing useful fuel in the form of Hydrogen & Methane about 40-45% volume percentage of total inerts. This inerts also containing Oxygen because the passivation air is given in carbon Dioxide compressor suction line for passivation of Reactor vessel and all downstream Stainless Steel vessel. In the presence of Oxygen there are chances of explosive mixture of Hydrogen and Oxygen in exit of MP section final vent line, to overcome this dangerous situation natural gases are added in the MP section before MP condenser so that the range of explosive can be avoided. These gases Hydrogen & Methane come with carbon Dioxide gas from Ammonia plant, carbon Dioxide about 0.5-0.7 % and Methane about 0.08 to0.1%. But we have seen after implementation of this scheme, frequent leakage was observed from inlet flange as well as heavy erosion was noticed in the inside surface of vapour inlet line and flange. Erosion was noticed from NG injection point and extended downstream up to nozzle flange in elliptical pattern. Material of construction of the process piping is A312 TP -316 L (Cr-18%, Ni-12%, Mo-2.0%, N-0.2%, and C-0.03%) which is compliable as per basic licenser. Hence frequent thinning of the pipe wall nearing injection point is due to sudden expansion of natural gas. In order to minimize pipe wall erosion phenomenon near NG injection point an alternative arrangement of NG injection extending the 1” NG line up to center of the vapour inlet line has been implemented and location of injection also changed as fig.-3.
remove from plant critical systems steam piping prior to start-up:
Construction Debris
Scales
Rust
Loose Material
Construction Leftovers
Oil
Weld Spatter…etc.
Remove debris to meet equipment (Turbine) OEM criteria for accepting steam.
Failure to remove debris may cause damage to turbine blades, valve internals
Presentation given by Sergey Martynov of University College London on "CO2QUEST – Instrumentation and measurement of large-scale releases of impure CO2" at the EC FP7 Projects: Leading the way in CCS implementation event, London, 14-15 April 2014
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
1. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 1 of 17
16” UTUE KA-UBIT PP GAS PIPELINE NITROGEN
PURGING PROCEDURE.
Document Status – FOR REVIEW AND ACCEPTANCE
A 04 th
.12.08
DAF
Osiki
Ajibulu
Charles
Mike
Green
Rev. Date
Name Sign Name Sign Name Sign Name Sign
Prepared By Reviewed By Approved Accepted (MPN)
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
2. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 2 of 17
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Generalities
1.2 Work objective
1.3 Determination of nitrogen requirement
1.4 Nitrogen unit’s conversion.
1.5 Work scope
2.0 Work Procedure
2.1 Base Preparation
2.2 ON-site Preparation
2.3 Procedure for purging pipeline with nitrogen
3.0 Personnel manning levels
3.1 Work hours/Work duration.
4.0 Safety
4.1 Preamble
4.2 Riser repair project safety system
4.3 Risk Assessment
4.4 Emergency action
4.5 Management of change procedure.
5.0 Equipment List
6.0 Attachments(typical JSA)
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
3. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 3 of 17
1.0 INTRODUCTION.
1.1GENERALITIES
Nitrogen purging is a generally accepted method of getting rid of unwanted gases
from pipelines and vessels. Three methods can be distinguished from each other
namely; Displacement method, Dilution method and Pressurization method In the
oil and gas sector, nitrogen purging is used mainly in the:
(a) Reduction of combustible gas and oxygen content of pressure vessels to an
acceptable level before hot work can be carried out on it in order to prevent
explosive mixtures and fire.
(b) After maintenance and reassembly of gas pipelines and vessels, it is used to
remove oxygen to an acceptable level of 2% so that flammability and explosion
do not occur when the flammable gas is lined in the pipeline or vessel.
(c) It is also used to dry gas pipeline after hydraulic pressure testing and the
attendant dewatering pigging.
In this particular case, we recommend a combination of pressurization and
dilution methods.
1.2 OBJECTIVE
The objective of the nitrogen purging of this UTUE -UBIT pipeline is to remove the
hazardous gas the nominated gas pipeline to an acceptable level of 2% LEL in
order to ensure safety during cutting, repair and reassembly. After reassembly, it
may also be to remove oxygen from the pipeline to about 2% so that during the
natural gas line in, there will be no fire and explosion.
1.2.1 MAJOR STEPS TO BE TAKEN DURING THE PURGING OPERATION.
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
4. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 4 of 17
• Isolation of the section of the line by closing main end valves
• Controlled depressurization of the line to zero bar gauge to the flare or
to the atmosphere but away from people
• Spade off the line
• Remove ESDV at Utue KP end of line
• Attach a blind valve that is reduced to a one inch nipple
• Use the nipple as nitrogen tie in point on the line
• Install nitrogen tie in manifold and hoses.
• Pressurize the line to 4 bar (g) pressure.
• Vent the gas mixture through the drain line at Ubit PP end and away
using a suitable length of hose
• Repeat for three cycle purges and measure LEL at a vent valve on Ubit
end of line.
• When LEL value of exiting gas is below 5 %, commence action to repair
line.
• If after three cycle purges the LEL value does not fall down
progressively, it shows presence of slug. Attach a temporary pig
launcher at UTUE END and temporary pig receiver at UBIT END.
• Pig the line.
• Carry out repair of the riser.
• After repair of the riser flush with nitrogen to 2 % oxygen content after
reassembly and leak check the line.
1.3 DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN REQUIREMENT.
Total nitrogen requirement necessary for the purging of the pipeline using this
combined method can be calculated from the equation:
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
5. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 5 of 17
V= 1.2*Vo (P-Pa) *N.
Where V= volume of nitrogen in normal cubic metres.
Vo=free volume of pipeline in cubic metres.
P = Absolute pressure of pipeline after pressurization.
Pa = Absolute pressure of pipeline after depressurization.
N = number of times the pipeline is purged.
The units of pressure are stated in bar (g).
The number of times (N) necessary for obtaining the required concentration of
gas can be obtained from the equation:
N= Log C- Log Co
Log Pa- Log P
Where Co is the initial concentration of gas in the pipeline to be removed while
C is the final concentration of gas after purging.
1.4 NITROGEN UNITS CONVERSION TABLE.
1 litre of liquid nitrogen is equivalent to 0.68Nm3
1 US gallon of liquid nitrogen 2.57Nm3 (gaseous)
1 bar (g) pressure 14.5 psi (g)
Nm3 of gaseous nitrogen 1 cubic metre @ NTP.
1.5 WORK SCOPE
• Mobilization of the equipments safely to Onne jetty
• Supply of high purity liquid nitrogen gas (99.9%) in cryogenic
containers (10,000USG).
• Supply of nitrogen purging equipments.
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
6. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 6 of 17
• Provision of skilled persons to carry out the nitrogen purging services
safely.
• Setting up of the equipments at work site.
• Purging the pipeline to about 2% LEL value (as measured from the
sample point with a gas analyzer) safe enough for hot work.
• Prepare nitrogen purging report.
• Demobilization from work site.
2.0 WORK PROCEDURE.
2.1 Preparation at base before mobilization
• Preparation of work procedure.
• Preparation of check list of equipments and tools.
• Obtain approval of work procedure and equipment list from MPN.
• Test running of equipments to ensure reliability at work site.
• Confirm and or renew certification status of equipments, instruments,
lifting slings, pad eyes, hoses and valves.
• Ensure pre- mobilization inspection of equipments by client.
• Pre- work briefing of personnel on work procedure and safety at work
site.
• Preparation of equipments for mobilization.
• Mobilization of equipments to Onne jetty. Ensure safe off-
loading/loading.
2.2 On site Preparation
• Participate in site induction by client.
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
7. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 7 of 17
• Carry out site safety briefing of personnel and prepare job hazard
analysis.
• Obtain work permit from MPN representatives to carry out work.
• Permit must have job safety analysis attached.
• All personnel must wear complete PPE at all time during the work and
while on board.
• Rig up equipments safely onto the platform.
• No personnel should stay under an overhead load
• Check the condition of equipments, hoses, valves and instruments and
ensure non damage of them due to transportation.
• Position and connect equipments in line with equipment layout plan.
• Check equipments for proper functionality.
• Cross check level(s) of nitrogen tank(s) with MPN representative.
• Discuss permit requirements with work crew.
• Inspect work site facilities with client representatives.
• Carry out anomaly hunting of equipment layout and facility.
• Report any anomaly to MPN if found on facility.
• Identify and mark the pipeline shut off valves; sample test point; vent
valves; nitrogen injection points (in liaison with MPN representatives).
• Demarcate or delineate work area with safety tape to restrict entry of
unauthorized personnel within the area.
• Post safety signs such as `NITROGEN PURGING IN PROGRESS,
KEEP OFF “, etc
• Check good functionality of communication radio with the crew at the
opposite end of the pipeline.
• Obtain authorization to commence work from MPN operations.
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
8. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 8 of 17
• During crew shift change, carry out tool -box briefings; complete the
shift change form in the presence of the out going supervisor.
NOTE: These procedural steps are mandatory and should be
respected strictly.
2.3 PROCEDURE FOR PURGING UTUE – UBIT 16” PIPELINE WITH NITROGEN.
(1) Obtain work permit to carry out nitrogen purging.
(2) Work permit must have JSA attached.
(3) MPN Operations to depressurize the pipeline and facility through the UBIT end to
the flare or through a vent valve on the pig receiver and channelled away from
people with a hose. The depressurization should be done preferably in a controlled
manner and in the evening when there is no threat of lightening.
(4) People should be kept away from the venting area.
(5) All activities capable of generating sparks should be discontinued.
(6) In liaison with MPN representatives and with facility pressure down to zero bar
gauge, remove the ESDV valve after the pig receiver.
(7) Install a flange that is reduced to one inch threaded nipple.
(8) Connect nitrogen tie in fitting for the purging of the facility.
(9) Align the valves on the facility accordingly preparatory to purging.
(10) Install two calibrated pressure gauges at both ends of the line
(11) Connect up nitrogen hose(s) from vaporizer dryer to the tie in point using
suitable pipe threaded fittings.
(12) A non return valve and a ball isolation valve should be connected at the
nitrogen tie in point.
(13) Anchor the hose with whip checks at intervals to prevent probable hose
whipping during hose failure.
(14) Connection to the facility tie in point shall be from the vaporizer dryer.
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
9. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 9 of 17
(15) In liaison with MPN operations representatives, ensure that valves have
been aligned accordingly for purging of the facility as per isolation check-
list.
(16) One personnel must be positioned at both ends of the line and must be
equipped with communication radio.
(17) By closing the nitrogen tie-in inlet valve, carry out pressure test of the
injection hose(s) and tie-in fittings at a pressure of 4 bar (g) for 10 to 30
minutes.
(18) When the result of the test is satisfactory, depressurize the hose system
and open up all the marked injection inlet valves to the facility.
(19) On receipt of approval from MPN inject gaseous nitrogen into the facility
gradually at 300Nm3 flow rate, Increase the flow rate up to 500Nm3/h at
operators discretion until the purge pressure of 4bar (g) is reached.
(20) Operator stops nitrogen injection, shuts off the injection valves,
depressurizes the hose slowly and leaves the system safe.
(21) Allow about 60 minutes time interval to enable good dilution and
homogenization of nitrogen and the combustible gas content to take place.
(22) Vent the nitrogen combustible gas mixture gradually to 0.5 bars from the
drain valve on the pig receiver at Ubit end. A hose should be connected to
the drain line to enable venting the mixture far away.
(23) With the pipeline depressurized to 0.5 bars, all drain and vent valves closed,
carry out analysis at the venting point using gas analyzer (gas detector).
(24) If the result is not satisfactory (not below 5 % LEL). Repeat steps above
two or more times until the result of the purge is successful as obtained from
the sample points with the use of a properly calibrated gas analyzer.
(25) With MPN representative satisfied with the result, disconnect the nitrogen
injection hoses and tie-in injection fittings from the facility and ensure safe
situation of the site.
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
10. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 10 of 17
(26) Record in the purging data sheet the results obtained for example;
Number of purge cycle
Start/Stop time per cycle.
Quantity of nitrogen used.
LEL % obtained.
(See attachment-purging data sheet).
NOTE. The above procedural steps are to be complied with in sequence and
witnessed by MPN. If after two or three cycle purges and the LEL value of the venting
mixture does not show a reasonable progressive drop, then it shows that there is slug
presence in the line. The line should then be pigged using medium density foam pig.
3.0 PERSONNEL MANNING LEVEL
For the purging of this pipeline we recommend a work team of the following personnel:
3.0.1 Field Engineer-----------One (with a minimum qualification of a bachelor’s degree
in engineering and sciences and five years hands- on work experience).
3.0.2 Supervisors: Two in number (one per 12 hour shift).
Minimum qualification of HND in engineering or OND with at
least ten years hands on experience in a process plant in the
oil and gas plant.
3.0.3 Technicians-----------Two personnel (each with minimum qualification of city and
guilds certificate in engineering and over ten years work
experience.
3.0.4 Operators: Same as the technicians.
3.2 Work hours/ Work Duration
Personnel shall be organized in two shifts of one supervisor and two technicians per
shift. Each shift works 12 hours per day. .
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
11. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 11 of 17
4.0 SAFETY
4.1 PREAMBLE.
In line with WWC objective of zero accident, we have already put in place a safety system
that ensures personnel and equipment safety at all times during the riser repair project.
The system ensures that:
• Equipments conform to standards used in the oil and gas industry.
• Equipment layout is safe.
• Operators are adequately trained, understand the operating procedure
of equipments and facilities in the oil and gas fields and must comply
with the good practice of obeying instructions.
• All risks associated with this project have been studied and shall not be
ignored
4.2 RISER REPAIR PROJECT SAFETY SYSTEM
4.2.1 All WWC personnel involved in this project shall have the required
personal protective equipments PPE of safety helmet, safety boot,
long sleeve coveralls, hand gloves, eye protective glasses, ear
protectors and life jackets at all time when at work.
4.2.2 All equipments shall be duly certified for safe operation.
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
12. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 12 of 17
4.2.3 Before mobilization, the crew leaders will be briefed of the work
scope and safety obligation.
4.2.4 On arrival at work site, MPN induction programs shall be availed to
the crew.
4.2.5 Before commencement of work, the work permit shall be obtained
from the MPN operations (with JSA attached). The permit shall be
studied to ensure that it is duly authorized. At the expiration of the
permit, it shall be renewed. In the event of change or deviation from
the procedure, MPN Construction manager shall be duly consulted
for authorization of the procedure change.
4.2.6 Before commencement of work, a safety meeting shall be held with
the MPN representative and quality inspectors to ensure harmony,
thorough understanding of the work procedure by all, the minutes
shall be duly entered into the pre- job safety meeting report form.
4.2.7 The safety implication and safety hazards shall be discussed so that
every one is conscious of it and what to do in emergency situation.
4.2.8 An anomaly hunting exercise shall be undertaken by the work crew
and any anomaly on the facility shall be brought to the attention of
the MPN representatives.
4.2.9 During shift change, the work progress report shall be discussed with
the in coming crew. The leader of the in coming crew signs and
accepts the hand over note
4.2.10 A brief safety meeting (tool box meeting) shall held before the
commencement of a new task in the procedure, such meeting usually
involves the work crew and their supervisor, the details are also
documented in the daily work report.
4.2.11 The no smoking, no swimming and no alcohol drinking prohibition
shall be respected and enforced.
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
13. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 13 of 17
4.3 RISK ASSESSMENT
In order to achieve the zero accident goals on the Riser repair project, MPN
JSA No 03-13-07 must be fully complied while MPN JSA form will be used
when carrying out a job safety analysis.
In conjunction with MPN procedure No 03-13-07 and its requirements the
crew will carry out the following:
• Analysis of risks to personnel, equipment and the corporate image of
the organizations.
• Articulation of the probable causes and preventive actions/methods
• In the event of accident, the emergency action to take.
Analysis of the risks involves the listing and description of the tasks to be
performed, the equipments to be used, the personnel requirements and the
nature of the environment where the task is to be performed. It also involves
detailing out the probable risks that could result from the execution of the
task on a risk analysis paper.
The preventive action plan examines the equipment safety, work
procedures, personnel training and communications, personnel motivation;
shut- off/isolation method, etc. These preventive actions have already been
embodied in the work procedure recommended for the project, equipment
certification and safety meetings discussion items.
4.4 EMERGENCY ACTION.
The crew shall assures that the nitrogen purging operation for the Riser
Repair Project will be an accident free one like others carried out in the past.
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
14. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 14 of 17
However, safety regulations demand that emergency action plan be put in
place in the event of an accident.
Some typical ones are listed in the attachment copy (refer to approved
medical evacuation procedure).
4.5 MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE PROCEDURE.
In the event of change to the work scope or anomaly hunt finding of critical
nature, the report must be communicated to the crew (Operations Manager t
who will advise on the suitable change to the work procedure. Such
suggested modification to the work procedure must be discussed with MPN
representatives on site and agreed upon before implementation.
Under no circumstances can the work crew in the field modify any work
procedure or equipment especially when it has critical safety implications
without a revised procedure being endorsed by MPN representative.
Instructions from MPN representative in the field will comply with the already
approved work procedure but any changes can only be made after
consideration and endorsement by MPN.
5.0 EQUIPMENT LIST
5.1. CRYOGENIC TANK (s) WITH BUMP FRAMES
Capacity 2,000 US gallons
Operating Pressure 3 bar
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
15. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 15 of 17
Gross Weight 11.6 ton
Quantity Three
5.2 VAPORISER
Type : Ambient
Flow rate : 500 NM3
/H
Working Pressure: 320 bar
Length 4.4m
Breadth : 1.88m
Height : 2.2m
Approx. weight : 1.5 ton
5.3 NITROGEN PUMP
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
16. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 16 of 17
Type Reciprocating
Working pressure 400bar
Flow rate 500Nm3/H
Quantity Two
5.4 ACCESSORIES
1. ONE oxygen Analyser
2. ONE Gas Detector
3. Two Communication radio
4. Five sets of 1” *15bar SWP flexible hoses.
5. Fittings, Flanges, tools
6. Two sets of pressure gauges
7. One tool box
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure
17. Contractor:
SACL
Client:
MPN NITROGEN PURGING PROCEDURE
Document No.
SWP-OCIP- -080
Contract No. A2041122
OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION &
INSTALLATION PROGRAM (OCIP)
04/12/08
RISER REPAIR PROJECT
REPAIR OF UTUE- KP -UBIT PP 16’’ GAS
RISER FROM UTUE KP –UBIT PP
( UTUE KP END)
Page 17 of 17
16” UTUE KP-UBIT PP Gas Pipeline Dewatering & Nitrogen Purging Procedure