ADHD is a common behavioral disorder that affects children and can continue into adulthood. It involves inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. While the exact causes are unknown, it is thought to involve genetic and environmental factors. ADHD is diagnosed based on behavioral symptoms and impairments. Treatment involves medication, behavioral therapy, and accommodations at school. Managing ADHD requires a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Symptoms must be present for at least 6 months and interfere with functioning. It is normally first diagnosed in school-aged children who have trouble paying attention, controlling behavior, and sitting still. While the exact causes are unknown, ADHD is thought to involve both genetic and environmental factors. Treatments include medication, behavioral therapy, or a combination to help manage symptoms and improve functioning.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It is estimated to affect 3-7% of school-aged children, with boys being diagnosed more often than girls. Symptoms include difficulty paying attention, sitting still, and controlling impulsive behaviors. If left untreated, ADHD can negatively impact academic performance, career success, and social-emotional development. Treatment involves medication, therapy, behavior modification, and education to help manage symptoms.
ADD/ADHD is an increasing problem affecting all ages of individuals around the world. This presentation discusses possible causes, conditions that mimic ADD/ADHD, and the use of Homeobotanicals in treatment of secondary symptoms.
This document provides an overview of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including its definition, symptoms, types, causes, treatments, and how to teach students with ADHD. It defines ADHD as a mental disorder beginning in childhood that makes it difficult to focus, pay attention, and control behavior. The main symptoms are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. There are three types - inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined. Potential causes include genetics, smoking/drinking during pregnancy, and toxic exposure like lead. Treatment involves medication, therapy, or a combination to help children focus, learn, and control their behavior. When teaching students with ADHD, teachers should provide
ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) are psychiatric disorders belonging to the area neurodevelopmental concerns.
ADHD is a common behavioral disorder that affects children and can continue into adulthood. It involves inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. While the exact causes are unknown, it is thought to involve genetic and environmental factors. ADHD is diagnosed based on behavioral symptoms and impairments. Treatment involves medication, behavioral therapy, and accommodations at school. Managing ADHD requires a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Symptoms must be present for at least 6 months and interfere with functioning. It is normally first diagnosed in school-aged children who have trouble paying attention, controlling behavior, and sitting still. While the exact causes are unknown, ADHD is thought to involve both genetic and environmental factors. Treatments include medication, behavioral therapy, or a combination to help manage symptoms and improve functioning.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It is estimated to affect 3-7% of school-aged children, with boys being diagnosed more often than girls. Symptoms include difficulty paying attention, sitting still, and controlling impulsive behaviors. If left untreated, ADHD can negatively impact academic performance, career success, and social-emotional development. Treatment involves medication, therapy, behavior modification, and education to help manage symptoms.
ADD/ADHD is an increasing problem affecting all ages of individuals around the world. This presentation discusses possible causes, conditions that mimic ADD/ADHD, and the use of Homeobotanicals in treatment of secondary symptoms.
This document provides an overview of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including its definition, symptoms, types, causes, treatments, and how to teach students with ADHD. It defines ADHD as a mental disorder beginning in childhood that makes it difficult to focus, pay attention, and control behavior. The main symptoms are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. There are three types - inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined. Potential causes include genetics, smoking/drinking during pregnancy, and toxic exposure like lead. Treatment involves medication, therapy, or a combination to help children focus, learn, and control their behavior. When teaching students with ADHD, teachers should provide
ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) and ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) are psychiatric disorders belonging to the area neurodevelopmental concerns.
1. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 3-5% of school-aged children and is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
2. ADHD has been linked to genetic and neurological factors such as decreased cerebellar volume and differences in dopamine and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems.
3. Diagnosis of ADHD is based on DSM criteria and involves evaluating symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity across multiple settings through parent/teacher rating scales and clinical interviews.
The document discusses attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including:
1) ADHD is characterized by diminished sustained attention and high impulsivity compared to others of the same age. It has three main types and affects 5-10% of the US population, predominantly males.
2) ADHD has genetic and neurological causes like central nervous system insults and dysfunction of the noradrenergic and dopamine systems. Stimulant medications are the first-line treatment as they target these systems.
3) Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, impairment, history, and ruling out other conditions. Treatment includes medication, behavioral modifications, and accommodations at home and school to help manage symptoms.
This document discusses Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including its core symptoms, diagnostic criteria, prevalence, neurological basis, comorbid conditions, long-term outcomes, and treatment recommendations. It notes that ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children, affecting approximately 5-10% of school-aged kids worldwide. Left untreated, it often persists into adulthood. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, which must be present in multiple environments. Effective management uses a combination of medication and behavioral therapies tailored to a patient's age.
The document discusses attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behaviors in the classroom. It describes the classic triad of ADHD symptoms including inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It notes that ADHD symptoms often overlap with those of other conditions like anxiety and oppositional defiant disorder. The document discusses treatment recommendations for ADHD which include medication, behavior therapy, and organizational skills training. Daily report cards are presented as a tool to track behaviors and provide feedback and incentives to students.
ADHD- Controlling The Mental Itch With HomeopathyWelcome Cure LLP
Millions of children below age of 17 suffer from ADHD worldwide. Children with ADHD commonly have problems paying attention or concentrating. If not treated on time it can lead to uncontrollable anger, erratic and anti-social conduct that tends to strain relationships with parents, siblings and peers. Babies with very low birth weight have an increased risk of developing ADHD. Homeopathy reduces the aggressiveness, restlessness and obstinacy of the child. Homeopathy promotes a happy, constructive, productive, creative development of the child. You can find more of such informative Power Point Presentations as well as other useful health information at www.welcomecure.com, the definitive online homeopathic treatment portal.
www.welcomecure.com
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders characterized by difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity. While the exact causes are unknown, genetics and environmental factors likely play a role. ADHD is diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation by a licensed health professional considering behaviors, development, and environment over several months. Effective treatments include medications and psychotherapy to help manage symptoms.
ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects about 5% of children and often continues into adulthood. There are three subtypes - predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, and combined presentation. While the exact causes are unknown, genetics and environmental factors during pregnancy are thought to play a role. Treatment involves medication, psychotherapy, education/training, or a combination to manage symptoms, though there is no cure.
ADHD is a disorder marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It often arises in early childhood and causes difficulties at home, school, and work. Symptoms include an inability to focus, being easily distracted, excessive talking or movement, and difficulty waiting or following instructions. A diagnosis requires that symptoms be present in multiple environments and negatively impact functioning. While it was traditionally thought children outgrow ADHD, it is now understood the disorder persists into adulthood for many individuals. Effective management includes behavioral and medical interventions.
ADHD and Addiction: Diagnosis and ManagementJacob Kagan
Presentation by Jacob Kagan MD on the diagnosis and management of ADHD and Substance Abuse Disorders, including epidemiology and comorbid conditions,
causality and functional impact, potential explanations for the ADHD/SUD association,stimulant treatment and the risk for SUDs, diversion and misuse of stimulant medications, and treatment recommendations. http://jacobkaganmd.com
ADHD is a disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The symptoms must be present in more than one setting and interfere with functioning. A diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes and is based on questionnaires from parents and teachers. Treatment includes medication and behavior therapy with regular follow ups to monitor progress. While the exact causes are unknown, ADHD tends to run in families and is associated with differences in brain development.
Treating Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children and Adol...EPIC Health
Mood swings, hyperactivity and inattention could all be the signs of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children & adolescents. Here’s what it means & how it’s treated.
This document discusses attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and provides information for educators. It begins by debunking common myths about ADHD, explaining that it is a hereditary neurobiological disorder, not simply a label for misbehavior. The document then discusses what ADHD looks like for students in terms of social behaviors, behaviors in the classroom for both younger and teenage students, and differences between boys and girls with ADHD. Suggestions are provided for classroom accommodations and ways educators can support students with ADHD. Resources for further information are also included.
This document provides information about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. It discusses the symptoms and diagnostic criteria for ADHD, including the three subtypes. It explains that while the causes are not fully understood, ADHD has been linked to genetic and environmental factors. Effective treatment involves medication, behavioral therapy, or a combination of both. The goals of treatment are to manage symptoms and help children succeed at home and school.
This document defines attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and discusses its symptoms, causes, and treatment options. ADHD is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in children and can continue into adulthood. Symptoms in children include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Adults with ADHD may struggle with time management, organization, and relationships. The cause of ADHD is unknown but is thought to involve genetic and environmental factors that impact brain development. Treatment involves medication, therapy, education/behavior plans, and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms. With proper treatment, many people with ADHD live fulfilling lives.
Topic: ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
Student Name: Urooj
Class: M.Ed
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
The document defines ADD as a neurological syndrome characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulty sustaining attention. It notes that ADD is now considered a subtype of ADHD without hyperactivity. Statistics presented indicate that 2-6% of children have ADD, which is more common in boys. Causes are thought to include genetic and neurological factors. Core symptoms include inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Implications for development involve challenges with learning, relationships, creativity, and physical activity. Suggested accommodations include structure, supervision, alternative activities, and communication between home and professionals.
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity that impairs functioning. It was originally called "minimal brain disease" but its name and understanding has evolved over time. ADHD is caused by both genetic and environmental factors that impact brain regions involved in attention, motor control, and reward processing. It is diagnosed through evaluations of behaviors and sometimes brain imaging. Treatment involves medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms and improve functioning.
ADD and ADHD refer to the same condition of attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactive disorder. This condition affects 3-7% of children worldwide and is characterized by low attention, high activity levels, distractibility and impulsivity. The main differences between ADD and ADHD are that ADD is an older term while ADHD specifies three subtypes. Research has implicated four brain regions in the condition - the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum and corpus callosum. Stimulant medications such as amphetamines and methylphenidate are primarily used to treat the condition by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain. Omega-3 fatty acids have also shown some benefits when coupled
Introduction of a New Non-Repudiation Service to Protect Sensitive Private DataIDES Editor
Current security systems dealing with sensitive
private data do not provide sufficient options to find data leaks.
An approach to find the last authorized receiver of a protected
copy is proposed in this paper. Existing security concepts are
extended by a new security service based on reliable tracking
data embedding. Additionally, a new mechanism to protect
the new tracking data is shown. Digital watermarking
techniques are used to provide tracking abilities for forwarded
copies of the protected data. This paper briefly describes
approaches to improve security for both the owner of protected
data and its recipients.
Virtual DJ permite mezclar videos de manera profesional con una gran variedad de opciones y formatos compatibles como DVD, DivX, xvid, Mpeg1/2/4, avi, wmv, mov, vob. Rocket Music Player es un reproductor de música para Linux, Windows y OSX con una interfaz sencilla e intuitiva que permite sincronizar música con la PC y reproduce canciones ordenadas por discos, artistas o aleatoriamente, mostrando la portada y permitiendo cambiar o pausar la canción actual.
1. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 3-5% of school-aged children and is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
2. ADHD has been linked to genetic and neurological factors such as decreased cerebellar volume and differences in dopamine and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems.
3. Diagnosis of ADHD is based on DSM criteria and involves evaluating symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity across multiple settings through parent/teacher rating scales and clinical interviews.
The document discusses attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including:
1) ADHD is characterized by diminished sustained attention and high impulsivity compared to others of the same age. It has three main types and affects 5-10% of the US population, predominantly males.
2) ADHD has genetic and neurological causes like central nervous system insults and dysfunction of the noradrenergic and dopamine systems. Stimulant medications are the first-line treatment as they target these systems.
3) Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, impairment, history, and ruling out other conditions. Treatment includes medication, behavioral modifications, and accommodations at home and school to help manage symptoms.
This document discusses Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including its core symptoms, diagnostic criteria, prevalence, neurological basis, comorbid conditions, long-term outcomes, and treatment recommendations. It notes that ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children, affecting approximately 5-10% of school-aged kids worldwide. Left untreated, it often persists into adulthood. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, which must be present in multiple environments. Effective management uses a combination of medication and behavioral therapies tailored to a patient's age.
The document discusses attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behaviors in the classroom. It describes the classic triad of ADHD symptoms including inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It notes that ADHD symptoms often overlap with those of other conditions like anxiety and oppositional defiant disorder. The document discusses treatment recommendations for ADHD which include medication, behavior therapy, and organizational skills training. Daily report cards are presented as a tool to track behaviors and provide feedback and incentives to students.
ADHD- Controlling The Mental Itch With HomeopathyWelcome Cure LLP
Millions of children below age of 17 suffer from ADHD worldwide. Children with ADHD commonly have problems paying attention or concentrating. If not treated on time it can lead to uncontrollable anger, erratic and anti-social conduct that tends to strain relationships with parents, siblings and peers. Babies with very low birth weight have an increased risk of developing ADHD. Homeopathy reduces the aggressiveness, restlessness and obstinacy of the child. Homeopathy promotes a happy, constructive, productive, creative development of the child. You can find more of such informative Power Point Presentations as well as other useful health information at www.welcomecure.com, the definitive online homeopathic treatment portal.
www.welcomecure.com
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders characterized by difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity. While the exact causes are unknown, genetics and environmental factors likely play a role. ADHD is diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation by a licensed health professional considering behaviors, development, and environment over several months. Effective treatments include medications and psychotherapy to help manage symptoms.
ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects about 5% of children and often continues into adulthood. There are three subtypes - predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, and combined presentation. While the exact causes are unknown, genetics and environmental factors during pregnancy are thought to play a role. Treatment involves medication, psychotherapy, education/training, or a combination to manage symptoms, though there is no cure.
ADHD is a disorder marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It often arises in early childhood and causes difficulties at home, school, and work. Symptoms include an inability to focus, being easily distracted, excessive talking or movement, and difficulty waiting or following instructions. A diagnosis requires that symptoms be present in multiple environments and negatively impact functioning. While it was traditionally thought children outgrow ADHD, it is now understood the disorder persists into adulthood for many individuals. Effective management includes behavioral and medical interventions.
ADHD and Addiction: Diagnosis and ManagementJacob Kagan
Presentation by Jacob Kagan MD on the diagnosis and management of ADHD and Substance Abuse Disorders, including epidemiology and comorbid conditions,
causality and functional impact, potential explanations for the ADHD/SUD association,stimulant treatment and the risk for SUDs, diversion and misuse of stimulant medications, and treatment recommendations. http://jacobkaganmd.com
ADHD is a disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The symptoms must be present in more than one setting and interfere with functioning. A diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes and is based on questionnaires from parents and teachers. Treatment includes medication and behavior therapy with regular follow ups to monitor progress. While the exact causes are unknown, ADHD tends to run in families and is associated with differences in brain development.
Treating Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children and Adol...EPIC Health
Mood swings, hyperactivity and inattention could all be the signs of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children & adolescents. Here’s what it means & how it’s treated.
This document discusses attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and provides information for educators. It begins by debunking common myths about ADHD, explaining that it is a hereditary neurobiological disorder, not simply a label for misbehavior. The document then discusses what ADHD looks like for students in terms of social behaviors, behaviors in the classroom for both younger and teenage students, and differences between boys and girls with ADHD. Suggestions are provided for classroom accommodations and ways educators can support students with ADHD. Resources for further information are also included.
This document provides information about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. It discusses the symptoms and diagnostic criteria for ADHD, including the three subtypes. It explains that while the causes are not fully understood, ADHD has been linked to genetic and environmental factors. Effective treatment involves medication, behavioral therapy, or a combination of both. The goals of treatment are to manage symptoms and help children succeed at home and school.
This document defines attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and discusses its symptoms, causes, and treatment options. ADHD is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in children and can continue into adulthood. Symptoms in children include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Adults with ADHD may struggle with time management, organization, and relationships. The cause of ADHD is unknown but is thought to involve genetic and environmental factors that impact brain development. Treatment involves medication, therapy, education/behavior plans, and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms. With proper treatment, many people with ADHD live fulfilling lives.
Topic: ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
Student Name: Urooj
Class: M.Ed
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
The document defines ADD as a neurological syndrome characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulty sustaining attention. It notes that ADD is now considered a subtype of ADHD without hyperactivity. Statistics presented indicate that 2-6% of children have ADD, which is more common in boys. Causes are thought to include genetic and neurological factors. Core symptoms include inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Implications for development involve challenges with learning, relationships, creativity, and physical activity. Suggested accommodations include structure, supervision, alternative activities, and communication between home and professionals.
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity that impairs functioning. It was originally called "minimal brain disease" but its name and understanding has evolved over time. ADHD is caused by both genetic and environmental factors that impact brain regions involved in attention, motor control, and reward processing. It is diagnosed through evaluations of behaviors and sometimes brain imaging. Treatment involves medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms and improve functioning.
ADD and ADHD refer to the same condition of attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactive disorder. This condition affects 3-7% of children worldwide and is characterized by low attention, high activity levels, distractibility and impulsivity. The main differences between ADD and ADHD are that ADD is an older term while ADHD specifies three subtypes. Research has implicated four brain regions in the condition - the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum and corpus callosum. Stimulant medications such as amphetamines and methylphenidate are primarily used to treat the condition by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain. Omega-3 fatty acids have also shown some benefits when coupled
Introduction of a New Non-Repudiation Service to Protect Sensitive Private DataIDES Editor
Current security systems dealing with sensitive
private data do not provide sufficient options to find data leaks.
An approach to find the last authorized receiver of a protected
copy is proposed in this paper. Existing security concepts are
extended by a new security service based on reliable tracking
data embedding. Additionally, a new mechanism to protect
the new tracking data is shown. Digital watermarking
techniques are used to provide tracking abilities for forwarded
copies of the protected data. This paper briefly describes
approaches to improve security for both the owner of protected
data and its recipients.
Virtual DJ permite mezclar videos de manera profesional con una gran variedad de opciones y formatos compatibles como DVD, DivX, xvid, Mpeg1/2/4, avi, wmv, mov, vob. Rocket Music Player es un reproductor de música para Linux, Windows y OSX con una interfaz sencilla e intuitiva que permite sincronizar música con la PC y reproduce canciones ordenadas por discos, artistas o aleatoriamente, mostrando la portada y permitiendo cambiar o pausar la canción actual.
El documento describe los esfuerzos de una organización para mejorar la gestión de residuos sólidos en su municipio, incluyendo la ampliación y mejora de su relleno sanitario, la introducción de contenedores de alta tecnología para la recolección de basura, y programas para separar materiales reciclables y producir composta orgánica.
The document discusses new pedagogies for deep learning. It argues that current teaching methods will lead students to become increasingly bored and teachers increasingly frustrated, especially as technology advances learning possibilities outside of school. A new approach to teaching is needed to engage students and take advantage of new technologies, otherwise a divide could emerge between learning inside and outside of school.
The document discusses social media and public relations. It defines social media as a way for people to connect with others who share common interests, and notes that it is a tool used in public relations. It then outlines some key uses of social media for public relations purposes, including relationship building, monitoring discussions, focus groups, reputation management, and customer service. Finally, it provides details on how a social media team uses various platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Pinterest for clients, including building communities, creating content calendars, engaging with users, and more.
This document discusses scalable learning in computer vision. It notes that computer vision is difficult due to small datasets, but that large datasets allow for simple features and models with machine learning to solve remaining problems. It describes generating synthetic data to increase training data size, implementing features on GPUs for increased speed, distributed training to store large datasets in memory, and unsupervised feature learning to develop representations without labeled data. The key aspects covered are scaling up the image data, features, learning algorithms, and training set sizes for computer vision tasks.
El resumen analiza el sistema financiero de los padres de los estudiantes del Colegio Loyola en Medellín, Colombia a través de encuestas. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los padres tienen cuentas bancarias y ahorran en cooperativas. También encontró que cuando compran artículos, el método de pago más común es al contado. De esto se concluye que el nivel socioeconómico general de los estudiantes es bueno, correspondiendo la mayoría al estrato 3.
SRE Woonvisie - Expertmeeting 1: Mark van de Poll (Inbo)INBO
Op 11 februari 2011 organiseerde het Samenwerkingsverband regio Eindhoven i.s.m. Inbo en CityTV een expertmeeting in 't Brandpunt Helmond. Thema: Kenniswerkers Presentatie: Mark van de Poll (Inbo)
Sistema financiero de los padres de los estudiantes del colegio loyola 2lauraramirezsierra
Este documento presenta los resultados de una encuesta realizada a estudiantes del Colegio Loyola sobre el sistema financiero de sus padres. La mayoría de los padres utilizan cuentas bancarias, especialmente de ahorro. También tienden a ahorrar de manera constante en cooperativas o cuentas de ahorro. Los resultados muestran que las familias de los estudiantes generalmente tienen un nivel socioeconómico estable.
This document contains vocabulary words related to ocean ecology. It lists various habitats like estuaries, sand dunes, and rocky intertidal zones. It also lists many different types of aquatic invertebrates that live in tidepools, like sea anemones, barnacles, sea stars, and hermit crabs. Finally it discusses tide-related terms like high tide, low tide, and the gravitational pull of the sun and moon that causes tides.
This document provides an overview of student performance data from various assessments that teachers can use to inform instructional planning. It includes sample reading assessment data from individual students, as well as summarized math assessment data by standard. Teachers are prompted to consider how they will use the data to plan, and any remaining questions they have about accessing and interpreting the data. They are also instructed to discuss with their director how to access and utilize the assessment information.
E-tailing adalah penjualan barang secara retail melalui internet. E-tailing telah berkembang dengan munculnya perangkat lunak untuk membuat katalog online dan mengelola bisnis secara online. Meskipun nilai transaksi retail online di Indonesia masih kecil, diperkirakan akan meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya akses internet yang murah dan cepat. Pemerintah berupaya memperluas akses internet ke desa-desa melalui program Desa Pinter untuk memberikan manfaat se
Collision theory states that for a chemical reaction to occur, reactant particles must collide with sufficient energy. Reactions proceed faster when collisions are more frequent, either because particles are closer together due to higher concentration or pressure, or because particles have higher energy when they collide at higher temperatures. The speed of a reaction also increases with factors that increase the frequency or effectiveness of collisions between reactants.
This document provides instructions for making an origami crane in 15 steps. It begins with a square sheet of paper, colored on one side. The first steps involve folding the paper in half diagonally and then into quarters. Subsequent steps have the folder fold up corners and edges into a diamond shape. Later steps pull out the head and tail into a 30 degree angle from the body and fold down the wings. When all 15 steps are completed, an origami crane is formed from the single sheet of paper.
O documento fornece informações sobre métodos para seleção de materiais para projetos de design, incluindo:
1) Análise de requisitos técnicos e não-técnicos e identificação de propriedades desejadas de materiais.
2) Pesquisa em bases de dados de materiais e produtos existentes para encontrar soluções e inspiração.
3) Combinação de métodos como análise, síntese e similaridade para escolher materiais que atendam aos requisitos.
Global Medical Cures™ | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Global Medical Cures™
Global Medical Cures™ | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
~10% of kids in the US are prescribed ADHD drugs and this trend is also growing worldwide. Find out more about ADHD in this booklet.
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that affects millions of children and often continues into adulthood.
•ADHD includes a combination of persistent problems, such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior.
•Children with ADHD also may struggle with low self-esteem, troubled relationships and poor performance in school.
•Symptoms sometimes lessen with age.
• However, some people never completely outgrow their ADHD symptoms. But they can learn strategies to be successful.
Loading…
•The primary features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder include inattention and hyperactive-impulsive behavior.
• ADHD symptoms start before age 12, and in some children, they're noticeable as early as 3 years of age. ADHD symptoms can be mild, moderate or severe, and they may continue into adulthood.
ADHD is one of the most common childhood disorders characterized by difficulty paying attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes and determining that symptoms negatively impact daily functioning. Treatment typically involves stimulant medications, which can improve focus and reduce hyperactivity, as well as psychotherapy. While there is no cure for ADHD, treatment can effectively manage symptoms.
ADHD- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in childrenPranav Pandya
ADHD is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood. Symptoms include difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behaviour, and hyperactivity (over-activity).
The term ADHD refers to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, a condition that makes it difficult for children to pay attention and/or control their behavior. Learn more about about the causes, diagnosis and treatment of ADHD.
This document discusses attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It begins by defining ADHD as a neurobehavioral condition characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It is most commonly diagnosed in childhood and can continue into adulthood. The document outlines the signs and symptoms of ADHD, the three main types (combined, inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive), potential causes including genetics, and diagnosis process. It discusses treatments like medications and therapies, famous people who have ADHD, myths about the disorder, and skills for treating patients with ADHD.
This document discusses Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It defines ADHD as a behavioral disorder characterized by inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. It states that ADHD affects 8-10% of school-aged children, most commonly boys. The document outlines the main symptoms of inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. It also discusses who is affected by ADHD, how it is diagnosed, educational management strategies, potential outcomes, and the role of diet.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) begins in childhood and may continue into adulthood, affecting an individual's activities professionally, socially, and within their family. ADHD is characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. While it is a widely recognized disorder, some professionals still question its validity. ADHD has been linked to changes in the brain regions involved in behavioral inhibition, attention, and neurotransmitter systems. Treatment may include therapy, support at home and school, and stimulant medications which help the functioning of affected brain areas without causing addiction.
This document provides information about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), including its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It describes the three main types of ADHD (predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, and combined), and the behaviors associated with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The diagnostic process involves ruling out other potential causes, gathering information from parents, teachers, and observations of the child, and determining if behaviors meet criteria for the diagnosis as defined in the DSM-IV-TR. Specialists qualified to diagnose ADHD include psychiatrists, psychologists, pediatricians, and neurologists.
ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN CHILDREN AND TEENSAyeshaShoukat31
ADHD is a developmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Symptoms must be present before age 12 and occur in multiple environments like home and school. Common signs include difficulty paying attention, excessive fidgeting or talking, and acting without thinking. While the exact causes are unknown, genetics and environmental factors like preterm birth or exposure to toxins are thought to play a role. ADHD is diagnosed based on behavioral criteria and treatments include behavioral therapy and medication.
This document provides information on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including its diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Some key points include:
- ADHD is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. It has predominantly inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, or combined presentations.
- Genetic and neurological factors are involved in its etiology. Stimulant medications like methylphenidate and amphetamines are commonly used treatments.
- ADHD symptoms often emerge by age 3 and persist into adolescence or adulthood in about 50% of cases, though hyperactivity may decrease over time.
This document summarizes an essay about ADHD treatment options. It discusses how ADHD causes inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in children. There are no cures but various treatment options including medications and psychosocial methods. The document examines different parental viewpoints on ADHD treatments and how they can help or hinder parenting children with ADHD.
This document provides an overview of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) including:
- ADHD is a common behavioral disorder characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity. Boys are more likely to be diagnosed than girls.
- There are three categories of ADHD - predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined type.
- Signs of ADHD in preschoolers include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Treatment options include medication, behavioral therapy, social skills training, parenting skills training, exercise, and maintaining consistent routines.
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects about 5% of children and 2.5% of adults globally. Genetics play a major role in causation, with heritability estimated around 75-80%. Neuroimaging studies show decreased prefrontal cortex volume and activity. Stimulant medications and behavioral therapies are effective treatments. Left untreated, individuals with ADHD are at higher risk for academic underachievement, accidents, substance abuse, and legal/occupational problems.
This document provides information about ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) presented by Nikki McNeil. It defines ADHD as a behavioral disorder characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity. It states that approximately 8-10% of children are affected, and that boys are more likely to be diagnosed than girls. It describes the three categories of ADHD - predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined type. It lists common signs and symptoms and treatments which include medication and behavioral therapy.
This document provides information about ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), including:
- It describes the three main types of ADHD: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined type.
- Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than girls. Girls with ADHD often present as inattentive.
- Signs of ADHD in young children include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
- Current treatments include medication, therapy, behavior modification, and exercise, but a combination is most effective. Medications help with concentration, impulse control, and calmness.
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 3-5% of American children. It is a leading cause of school failure and underachievement, with symptoms often arising in early childhood. Boys are significantly more likely to be diagnosed with ADD than girls. Core characteristics of ADD include difficulties with impulse control, remaining seated, focusing attention, following instructions, and completing tasks. Around 50% of children with ADD are never properly diagnosed.
Similar to NIMH · Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (20)
This document discusses ADHD Awareness Month and provides information about ADHD. It states that ADHD is a real brain-based medical disorder that affects people of all backgrounds. It encourages learning more about appropriate treatment options, which have changed in recent years. It promotes visiting the website to access information and help regarding ADHD and signing up for the mailing list to join the movement to spread awareness.
To add a site to Google Search Console, go to the Add a property page and enter the site's URL. You can then verify ownership of the site by adding a HTML file or meta tag to the site. Once verified, Search Console will allow you to view reports about how Google sees your site and submit sitemaps and URLs for indexing.
To add a site to Google Search Console, go to the Add a property page and enter the site's URL. You can then verify ownership of the site through HTML file upload, DNS record changes, or by managing your site's settings in a control panel. Once verified, Search Console will allow you to view your site's indexing status and search performance.
To add a site to Google Search Console, go to the Add a property page and enter the site's URL. You can then verify ownership of the site through HTML file upload, DNS record change, or by managing your site's settings in a control panel. Once verified, Search Console will allow you to view your site's indexing status and search performance.
To add a site to Google Search Console, go to the Add a property page and enter the site's URL. You can then verify ownership of the site through HTML file upload, DNS record changes, or by managing your site's settings in a third-party service. Once verified, Search Console will allow you to view reports about how Google sees your site and make submissions like sitemap URLs or URLs to remove from indexing.
1. NIMH · Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD, ADD)?
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders and
can continue through adolescence and adulthood. Symptoms include difficulty staying focused and
paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity (over-activity).
ADHD has three subtypes:
Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive
Most symptoms (six or more) are in the hyperactivity-impulsivity categories.Fewer than six
symptoms of inattention are present, although inattention may still be present to some
degree.Predominantly inattentive
The majority of symptoms (six or more) are in the inattention category and fewer than six symptoms
of hyperactivity-impulsivity are present, although hyperactivity-impulsivity may still be present to
some degree.Children with this subtype are less likely to act out or have difficulties getting along
with other children. They may sit quietly, but they are not paying attention to what they are doing.
Therefore, the child may be overlooked, and parents and teachers may not notice that he or she has
ADHD.Combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive
Six or more symptoms of inattention and six or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity are
present.Most children have the combined type of ADHD.Causes
Scientists are not sure what causes ADHD, although many studies suggest that genes play a large
role. Like many other illnesses, ADHD probably results from a combination of factors. In addition to
genetics, researchers are looking at possible environmental factors, and are studying how brain
injuries, nutrition, and the social environment might contribute to ADHD.
Genes. Results from several international studies of twins show that ADHD often runs in families.
Researchers are looking at several genes that may make people more likely to develop the disorder.
Knowing the genes involved may one day help researchers prevent the disorder before symptoms
develop. Learning about specific genes could also lead to better treatments.
Children with ADHD who carry a particular version of a certain gene have thinner brain tissue in the
areas of the brain associated with attention. This NIMH research showed that the difference was not
permanent, however, and as children with this gene grew up, the brain developed to a normal level
of thickness. Their ADHD symptoms also improved.
Environmental factors. Studies suggest a potential link between cigarette smoking and alcohol use
during pregnancy and ADHD in children. In addition, preschoolers who are exposed to high levels of
lead, which can sometimes be found in plumbing fixtures or paint in old buildings, may have a higher
risk of developing ADHD.
Brain injuries. Children who have suffered a brain injury may show some behaviors similar to those
2. of ADHD. However, only a small percentage of children with ADHD have suffered a traumatic brain
injury.
Sugar. The idea that refined sugar causes ADHD or makes symptoms worse is popular, but more
research discounts this theory than supports it. In one study, researchers gave children foods
containing either sugar or a sugar substitute every other day. The children who received sugar
showed no different behavior or learning capabilities than those who received the sugar substitute.
Another study in which children were given higher than average amounts of sugar or sugar
substitutes showed similar results.
In another study, children who were considered sugar-sensitive by their mothers were given the
sugar substitute aspartame, also known as Nutrasweet. Although all the children got aspartame, half
their mothers were told their children were given sugar, and the other half were told their children
were given aspartame. The mothers who thought their children had gotten sugar rated them as
more hyperactive than the other children and were more critical of their behavior, compared to
mothers who thought their children received aspartame.
Food additives. Recent British research indicates a possible link between consumption of certain
food additives like artificial colors or preservatives, and an increase in activity. Research is under
way to confirm the findings and to learn more about how food additives may affect hyperactivity.
Signs & Symptoms
Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are the key behaviors of ADHD. It is normal for all
children to be inattentive, hyperactive, or impulsive sometimes, but for children with ADHD, these
behaviors are more severe and occur more often. To be diagnosed with the disorder, a child must
have symptoms for 6 or more months and to a degree that is greater than other children of the same
age.
Children who have symptoms of inattention may:
Be easily distracted, miss details, forget things, and frequently switch from one activity to
anotherHave difficulty focusing on one thingBecome bored with a task after only a few minutes,
unless they are doing something enjoyableHave difficulty focusing attention on organizing and
completing a task or learning something newHave trouble completing or turning in homework
assignments, often losing things (e.g., pencils, toys, assignments) needed to complete tasks or
activitiesNot seem to listen when spoken toDaydream, become easily confused, and move
slowlyHave difficulty processing information as quickly and accurately as othersStruggle to follow
instructions.
Children who have symptoms of hyperactivity may:
Fidget and squirm in their seatsTalk nonstopDash around, touching or playing with anything and
everything in sightHave trouble sitting still during dinner, school, and story timeBe constantly in
motionHave difficulty doing quiet tasks or activities.
Children who have symptoms of impulsivity may:
Be very impatientBlurt out inappropriate comments, show their emotions without restraint, and act
without regard for consequencesHave difficulty waiting for things they want or waiting their turns in
gamesOften interrupt conversations or others' activities.
3. ADHD Can Be Mistaken for Other Problems
Parents and teachers can miss the fact that children with symptoms of inattention have the disorder
because they are often quiet and less likely to act out. They may sit quietly, seeming to work, but
they are often not paying attention to what they are doing. They may get along well with other
children, compared with those with the other subtypes, who tend to have social problems. But
children with the inattentive kind of ADHD are not the only ones whose disorders can be missed. For
example, adults may think that children with the hyperactive and impulsive subtypes just have
emotional or disciplinary problems.
Who Is At Risk?
ADHD is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and
into adulthood. The average age of onset is 7 years old.
ADHD affects about 4.1% American adults age 18 years and older in a given year. The disorder
affects 9.0% of American children age 13 to 18 years. Boys are four times at risk than girls.
Studies show that the number of children being diagnosed with ADHD is increasing, but it is unclear
why.
Diagnosis
Children mature at different rates and have different personalities, temperaments, and energy
levels. Most children get distracted, act impulsively, and struggle to concentrate at one time or
another. Sometimes, these normal factors may be mistaken for ADHD. ADHD symptoms usually
appear early in life, often between the ages of 3 and 6, and because symptoms vary from person to
person, the disorder can be hard to diagnose. Parents may first notice that their child loses interest
in things sooner than other children, or seems constantly "out of control." Often, teachers notice the
symptoms first, when a child has trouble following rules, or frequently "spaces out" in the classroom
or on the playground.
No single test can diagnose a child as having ADHD. Instead, a licensed health professional needs to
gather information about the child, and his or her behavior and environment. A family may want to
first talk with the child's pediatrician. Some pediatricians can assess the child themselves, but many
will refer the family to a mental health specialist with experience in childhood mental disorders such
as ADHD. The pediatrician or mental health specialist will first try to rule out other possibilities for
the symptoms. For example, certain situations, events, or health conditions may cause temporary
behaviors in a child that seem like ADHD.
Between them, the referring pediatrician and specialist will determine if a child:
Is experiencing undetected seizures that could be associated with other medical conditionsHas a
middle ear infection that is causing hearing problemsHas any undetected hearing or vision
problemsHas any medical problems that affect thinking and behaviorHas any learning
disabilitiesHas anxiety or depression, or other psychiatric problems that might cause ADHD-like
symptomsHas been affected by a significant and sudden change, such as the death of a family
member, a divorce, or parent's job loss.
A specialist will also check school and medical records for clues, to see if the child's home or school
settings appear unusually stressful or disrupted, and gather information from the child's parents and
4. teachers. Coaches, babysitters, and other adults who know the child well also may be consulted.
The specialist also will ask:
Are the behaviors excessive and long-term, and do they affect all aspects of the child's life?Do they
happen more often in this child compared with the child's peers?Are the behaviors a continuous
problem or a response to a temporary situation?Do the behaviors occur in several settings or only in
one place, such as the playground, classroom, or home?
The specialist pays close attention to the child's behavior during different situations. Some situations
are highly structured, some have less structure. Others would require the child to keep paying
attention. Most children with ADHD are better able to control their behaviors in situations where
they are getting individual attention and when they are free to focus on enjoyable activities. These
types of situations are less important in the assessment. A child also may be evaluated to see how he
or she acts in social situations, and may be given tests of intellectual ability and academic
achievement to see if he or she has a learning disability.
Finally, if after gathering all this information the child meets the criteria for ADHD, he or she will be
diagnosed with the disorder.
Some children with ADHD also have other illnesses or conditions. For example, they may have one
or more of the following:
A learning disability. A child in preschool with a learning disability may have difficulty
understanding certain sounds or words or have problems expressing himself or herself in words. A
school-aged child may struggle with reading, spelling, writing, and math.Oppositional defiant
disorder. Kids with this condition, in which a child is overly stubborn or rebellious, often argue with
adults and refuse to obey rules.Conduct disorder. This condition includes behaviors in which the
child may lie, steal, fight, or bully others. He or she may destroy property, break into homes, or
carry or use weapons. These children or teens are also at a higher risk of using illegal substances.
Kids with conduct disorder are at risk of getting into trouble at school or with the police.Anxiety and
depression. Treating ADHD may help to decrease anxiety or some forms of depression.Bipolar
disorder. Some children with ADHD may also have this condition in which extreme mood swings go
from mania (an extremely high elevated mood) to depression in short periods of time.Tourette
syndrome. Very few children have this brain disorder, but among those who do, many also have
ADHD. Some people with Tourette syndrome have nervous tics and repetitive mannerisms, such as
eye blinks, facial twitches, or grimacing. Others clear their throats, snort, or sniff frequently, or bark
out words inappropriately. These behaviors can be controlled with medication.
ADHD also may coexist with a sleep disorder, bed-wetting, substance abuse, or other disorders or
illnesses.
Recognizing ADHD symptoms and seeking help early will lead to better outcomes for both affected
children and their families.
How is ADHD diagnosed in adults?
Like children, adults who suspect they have ADHD should be evaluated by a licensed mental health
professional. But the professional may need to consider a wider range of symptoms when assessing
adults for ADHD because their symptoms tend to be more varied and possibly not as clear-cut as
symptoms seen in children.
5. To be diagnosed with the condition, an adult must have ADHD symptoms that began in childhood
and continued throughout adulthood. Health professionals use certain rating scales to determine if
an adult meets the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. The mental health professional also will look at the
person's history of childhood behavior and school experiences, and will interview spouses or
partners, parents, close friends, and other associates. The person will also undergo a physical exam
and various psychological tests.
For some adults, a diagnosis of ADHD can bring a sense of relief. Adults who have had the disorder
since childhood, but who have not been diagnosed, may have developed negative feelings about
themselves over the years. Receiving a diagnosis allows them to understand the reasons for their
problems, and treatment will allow them to deal with their problems more effectively.
Treatments
Currently available treatments focus on reducing the symptoms of ADHD and improving functioning.
Treatments include medication, various types of psychotherapy, education or training, or a
combination of treatments.
Treatments can relieve many of the disorder's symptoms, but there is no cure. With treatment, most
people with ADHD can be successful in school and lead productive lives. Researchers are developing
more effective treatments and interventions, and using new tools such as brain imaging, to better
understand ADHD and to find more effective ways to treat and prevent it.
Medications
The most common type of medication used for treating ADHD is called a "stimulant." Although it
may seem unusual to treat ADHD with a medication considered a stimulant, it actually has a calming
effect on children with ADHD. Many types of stimulant medications are available. A few other ADHD
medications are non-stimulants and work differently than stimulants. For many children, ADHD
medications reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity and improve their ability to focus, work, and learn.
Medication also may improve physical coordination.
However, a one-size-fits-all approach does not apply for all children with ADHD. What works for one
child might not work for another. One child might have side effects with a certain medication, while
another child may not. Sometimes several different medications or dosages must be tried before
finding one that works for a particular child. Any child taking medications must be monitored closely
and carefully by caregivers and doctors.
Stimulant medications come in different forms, such as a pill, capsule, liquid, or skin patch. Some
medications also come in short-acting, long-acting, or extended release varieties. In each of these
varieties, the active ingredient is the same, but it is released differently in the body. Long-acting or
extended release forms often allow a child to take the medication just once a day before school, so
they don't have to make a daily trip to the school nurse for another dose. Parents and doctors should
decide together which medication is best for the child and whether the child needs medication only
for school hours or for evenings and weekends, too.
A list of medications and the approved age for use follows. ADHD can be diagnosed and medications
prescribed by M.D.s (usually a psychiatrist) and in some states also by clinical psychologists,
psychiatric nurse practitioners, and advanced psychiatric nurse specialists. Check with your state's
licensing agency for specifics.
6. Trade Name
Generic Name
Approved Age
Adderall
amphetamine
3 and older
Adderall XR
amphetamine (extended release)
6 and older
Concerta
methylphenidate (long acting)
6 and older
Daytrana
methylphenidate patch
6 and older
Desoxyn
methamphetamine hydrochloride
6 and older
Dexedrine
dextroamphetamine
3 and older
Dextrostat
dextroamphetamine
3 and older
Focalin
dexmethylphenidate
7. 6 and older
Focalin XR
dexmethylphenidate (extended release)
6 and older
Metadate ER
methylphenidate (extended release)
6 and older
Metadate CD
methylphenidate (extended release)
6 and older
Methylin
methylphenidate (oral solution and chewable tablets)
6 and older
Ritalin
methylphenidate
6 and older
Ritalin SR
methylphenidate (extended release)
6 and older
Ritalin LA
methylphenidate (long acting)
6 and older
Strattera
atomoxetine
6 and older
Vyvanse
8. lisdexamfetamine dimesylate
6 and older
*Not all ADHD medications are approved for use in adults.
NOTE: "extended release" means the medication is released gradually so that a controlled amount
enters the body
over a period of time. "Long acting" means the medication stays in the body for a long time.
Over time, this list will grow, as researchers continue to develop new medications for ADHD.
Medication guides for each of these medications are available from the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA).
What are the side effects of stimulant medications?
The most commonly reported side effects are decreased appetite, sleep problems, anxiety, and
irritability. Some children also report mild stomachaches or headaches. Most side effects are minor
and disappear over time or if the dosage level is lowered.
Decreased appetite. Be sure your child eats healthy meals. If this side effect does not go away, talk
to your child's doctor. Also talk to the doctor if you have concerns about your child's growth or
weight gain while he or she is taking this medication.Sleep problems. If a child cannot fall asleep,
the doctor may prescribe a lower dose of the medication or a shorter-acting form. The doctor might
also suggest giving the medication earlier in the day, or stopping the afternoon or evening dose.
Adding a prescription for a low dose of an antidepressant or a blood pressure medication called
clonidine sometimes helps with sleep problems. A consistent sleep routine that includes relaxing
elements like warm milk, soft music, or quiet activities in dim light, may also help.Less common side
effects. A few children develop sudden, repetitive movements or sounds called tics. These tics may
or may not be noticeable. Changing the medication dosage may make tics go away. Some children
also may have a personality change, such as appearing "flat" or without emotion. Talk with your
child's doctor if you see any of these side effects.
Are stimulant medications safe?
Under medical supervision, stimulant medications are considered safe. Stimulants do not make
children with ADHD feel high, although some kids report feeling slightly different or "funny."
Although some parents worry that stimulant medications may lead to substance abuse or
dependence, there is little evidence of this.
FDA warning on possible rare side effects
In 2007, the FDA required that all makers of ADHD medications develop Patient Medication Guides
that contain information about the risks associated with the medications. The guides must alert
patients that the medications may lead to possible cardiovascular (heart and blood) or psychiatric
problems. The agency undertook this precaution when a review of data found that ADHD patients
with existing heart conditions had a slightly higher risk of strokes, heart attacks, and/or sudden
death when taking the medications.
The review also found a slight increased risk, about 1 in 1,000, for medication-related psychiatric
9. problems, such as hearing voices, having hallucinations, becoming suspicious for no reason, or
becoming manic (an overly high mood), even in patients without a history of psychiatric problems.
The FDA recommends that any treatment plan for ADHD include an initial health history, including
family history, and examination for existing cardiovascular and psychiatric problems.
One ADHD medication, the non-stimulant atomoxetine (Strattera), carries another warning. Studies
show that children and teenagers who take atomoxetine are more likely to have suicidal thoughts
than children and teenagers with ADHD who do not take it. If your child is taking atomoxetine,
watch his or her behavior carefully. A child may develop serious symptoms suddenly, so it is
important to pay attention to your child's behavior every day. Ask other people who spend a lot of
time with your child to tell you if they notice changes in your child's behavior. Call a doctor right
away if your child shows any unusual behavior. While taking atomoxetine, your child should see a
doctor often, especially at the beginning of treatment, and be sure that your child keeps all
appointments with his or her doctor.
Do medications cure ADHD?
Current medications do not cure ADHD. Rather, they control the symptoms for as long as they are
taken. Medications can help a child pay attention and complete schoolwork. It is not clear, however,
whether medications can help children learn or improve their academic skills. Adding behavioral
therapy, counseling, and practical support can help children with ADHD and their families to better
cope with everyday problems. Research funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
has shown that medication works best when treatment is regularly monitored by the prescribing
doctor and the dose is adjusted based on the child's needs.
Psychotherapy
Different types of psychotherapy are used for ADHD. Behavioral therapy aims to help a child change
his or her behavior. It might involve practical assistance, such as help organizing tasks or
completing schoolwork, or working through emotionally difficult events. Behavioral therapy also
teaches a child how to monitor his or her own behavior. Learning to give oneself praise or rewards
for acting in a desired way, such as controlling anger or thinking before acting, is another goal of
behavioral therapy. Parents and teachers also can give positive or negative feedback for certain
behaviors. In addition, clear rules, chore lists, and other structured routines can help a child control
his or her behavior.
Therapists may teach children social skills, such as how to wait their turn, share toys, ask for help,
10. or respond to teasing. Learning to read facial expressions and the tone of voice in others, and how to
respond appropriately can also be part of social skills training.
How can parents help?
Children with ADHD need guidance and understanding from their parents and teachers to reach
their full potential and to succeed in school. Before a child is diagnosed, frustration, blame, and
anger may have built up within a family. Parents and children may need special help to overcome
bad feelings. Mental health professionals can educate parents about ADHD and how it impacts a
family. They also will help the child and his or her parents develop new skills, attitudes, and ways of
relating to each other.
Parenting skills training helps parents learn how to use a system of rewards and consequences to
change a child's behavior. Parents are taught to give immediate and positive feedback for behaviors
they want to encourage, and ignore or redirect behaviors they want to discourage. In some cases,
the use of "time-outs" may be used when the child's behavior gets out of control. In a time-out, the
child is removed from the upsetting situation and sits alone for a short time to calm down.
Parents are also encouraged to share a pleasant or relaxing activity with the child, to notice and
point out what the child does well, and to praise the child's strengths and abilities. They may also
learn to structure situations in more positive ways. For example, they may restrict the number of
playmates to one or two, so that their child does not become overstimulated. Or, if the child has
trouble completing tasks, parents can help their child divide large tasks into smaller, more
manageable steps. Also, parents may benefit from learning stress-management techniques to
increase their own ability to deal with frustration, so that they can respond calmly to their child's
behavior.
Sometimes, the whole family may need therapy. Therapists can help family members find better
ways to handle disruptive behaviors and to encourage behavior changes. Finally, support groups
help parents and families connect with others who have similar problems and concerns. Groups
often meet regularly to share frustrations and successes, to exchange information about
recommended specialists and strategies, and to talk with experts.
How is ADHD treated in adults?
Much like children with the disorder, adults with ADHD are treated with medication, psychotherapy,
or a combination of treatments.
Medications. ADHD medications, including extended-release forms, often are prescribed for adults
with ADHD, but not all of these medications are approved for adults. However, those not approved
for adults still may be prescribed by a doctor on an "off-label" basis.
Although not FDA-approved specifically for the treatment of ADHD, antidepressants are sometimes
used to treat adults with ADHD. Older antidepressants, called tricyclics, sometimes are used
because they, like stimulants, affect the brain chemicals norepinephrine and dopamine. A newer
antidepressant, venlafaxine (Effexor), also may be prescribed for its effect on the brain chemical
norepinephrine. And in recent clinical trials, the antidepressant bupropion (Wellbutrin), which
affects the brain chemical dopamine, showed benefits for adults with ADHD.
Adult prescriptions for stimulants and other medications require special considerations. For
example, adults often require other medications for physical problems, such as diabetes or high
11. blood pressure, or for anxiety and depression. Some of these medications may interact badly with
stimulants. An adult with ADHD should discuss potential medication options with his or her doctor.
These and other issues must be taken into account when a medication is prescribed.
Education and psychotherapy. A professional counselor or therapist can help an adult with ADHD
learn how to organize his or her life with tools such as a large calendar or date book, lists, reminder
notes, and by assigning a special place for keys, bills, and paperwork. Large tasks can be broken
down into more manageable, smaller steps so that completing each part of the task provides a sense
of accomplishment.
Psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy, also can help change one's poor self-image
by examining the experiences that produced it. The therapist encourages the adult with ADHD to
adjust to the life changes that come with treatment, such as thinking before acting, or resisting the
urge to take unnecessary risks.
Living With
Tips to Help Kids Stay Organized and Follow Directions
Schedule. Keep the same routine every day, from wake-up time to bedtime. Include time for
homework, outdoor play, and indoor activities. Keep the schedule on the refrigerator or on a bulletin
board in the kitchen. Write changes on the schedule as far in advance as possible.
Organize everyday items. Have a place for everything, and keep everything in its place. This includes
clothing, backpacks, and toys.
Use homework and notebook organizers. Use organizers for school material and supplies. Stress to
your child the importance of writing down assignments and bringing home the necessary books.
Be clear and consistent. Children with ADHD need consistent rules they can understand and follow.
Give praise or rewards when rules are followed. Children with ADHD often receive and expect
criticism. Look for good behavior, and praise it.
Some children with ADHD continue to have it as adults. And many adults who have the disorder
don't know it. They may feel that it is impossible to get organized, stick to a job, or remember and
keep appointments. Daily tasks such as getting up in the morning, preparing to leave the house for
work, arriving at work on time, and being productive on the job can be especially challenging for
adults with ADHD.
These adults may have a history of failure at school, problems at work, or difficult or failed
relationships. Many have had multiple traffic accidents. Like teens, adults with ADHD may seem
restless and may try to do several things at once, most of them unsuccessfully. They also tend to
prefer "quick fixes," rather than taking the steps needed to achieve greater rewards.
Clinical Trials
NIMH supports research studies on mental health and disorders. See also: A Participant's Guide to
Mental Health Clinical Research.
Participate, refer a patient or learn about results of studies in ClinicalTrials.gov , the NIH/National
12. Library of Medicine's registry of federally and privately funded clinical trials for all disease.
Find NIH-funded studies currently recruiting participants with ADHD.Â
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/