The article discusses the Visian ICL V4c, a new generation of implantable collamer lens (ICL) developed by STAAR Surgical. Key points:
1) The V4c features a central 0.36mm hole called the KS-Aquaport that allows natural aqueous flow without the need for additional peripheral iridotomies.
2) Computer simulations and a clinical case study found that the V4c provided visual results comparable to older ICL models, while eliminating the need for an additional surgical step.
3) By removing the need for iridotomies, the V4c creates a more convenient experience for both patients and surgeons, addressing a potential
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses low-coherence interferometry to produce high-resolution, cross-sectional images of biological tissues. OCT works by measuring the backscattered light from internal tissue microstructures. The basic setup uses a Michelson interferometer with a broadband light source, such as a superluminescent diode, to capture back-reflected light. There are different types of OCT systems, including time domain OCT, frequency domain OCT, and swept-source OCT. OCT has various medical applications for imaging the eye, skin, and detecting cancer or other abnormalities in human cells.
This document discusses diabetic retinopathy, which is damage to the retina caused by diabetes. It can be non-proliferative or proliferative. Symptoms may include blurred or fluctuating vision. Diagnosis involves eye exams and imaging tests. Treatment options include laser surgery, injections of corticosteroids or anti-VEGF drugs, and vitrectomy surgery in severe cases. Nursing care focuses on managing risks, teaching patients how to care for their eyes, and reducing anxiety.
MECHANISMS AND TERMINOLOGIES IN BINOCULAR VISION.pptxkajal bhagat
The document discusses various mechanisms and terminologies in binocular vision, including:
- Corresponding retinal points, which allow for single binocular vision when stimulated.
- The horopter, which is the locus of points that fall on corresponding retinal points. It can take different shapes depending on the fixation distance.
- Panum's fusional area, which is the area around the horopter where binocular fusion can still occur. Its size depends on factors like fixation distance and interocular separation.
- Fixation disparity, which is a small misalignment of the eyes during binocular fixation, usually horizontal or vertical, that does not cause diplopia due to being within Panum's area.
ROLE OF CHEMOTHERAPY IN OCULAR MALIGNANCIES by IDDI.pptxIddi Ndyabawe
Chemotherapy plays an important role in treating ocular malignancies. It can be used as adjuvant therapy with surgery and radiation, as well as palliatively to decrease tumor load. Common agents include mitomycin C, 5-FU, interferons, and for retinoblastoma, vincristine, etoposide and carboplatin. Chemotherapy is indicated for eyelid, conjunctival, intraocular tumors and orbital tumors like rhabdomyosarcoma. Side effects depend on the agent but can include keratoconjunctivitis and corneal toxicity.
Dr. Soumava Mandal discusses the treatment options for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) that have emerged over time, including photocoagulation (1979), photodynamic therapy (PDT) (2001), and anti-VEGF drugs (2004). Key studies evaluated the efficacy of photocoagulation, PDT, pegaptanib, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept, and brolucizumab in treating NVAMD. These studies demonstrated the benefits of anti-VEGF drugs over previous options, with ranibizumab and aflibercept approved for monthly or bi-monthly dosing based on visual acuity and OCT monitoring
Optic atrophy is the permanent loss of retinal ganglion cell axons and death of these cells, resulting in changes to the optic disc such as pallor. It has many potential causes, including diseases that damage the optic nerve or retina. On examination, patients with optic atrophy typically have reduced visual acuity and color vision, as well as an afferent pupillary defect. The optic disc appears pale on ophthalmoscopy.
The article discusses the Visian ICL V4c, a new generation of implantable collamer lens (ICL) developed by STAAR Surgical. Key points:
1) The V4c features a central 0.36mm hole called the KS-Aquaport that allows natural aqueous flow without the need for additional peripheral iridotomies.
2) Computer simulations and a clinical case study found that the V4c provided visual results comparable to older ICL models, while eliminating the need for an additional surgical step.
3) By removing the need for iridotomies, the V4c creates a more convenient experience for both patients and surgeons, addressing a potential
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses low-coherence interferometry to produce high-resolution, cross-sectional images of biological tissues. OCT works by measuring the backscattered light from internal tissue microstructures. The basic setup uses a Michelson interferometer with a broadband light source, such as a superluminescent diode, to capture back-reflected light. There are different types of OCT systems, including time domain OCT, frequency domain OCT, and swept-source OCT. OCT has various medical applications for imaging the eye, skin, and detecting cancer or other abnormalities in human cells.
This document discusses diabetic retinopathy, which is damage to the retina caused by diabetes. It can be non-proliferative or proliferative. Symptoms may include blurred or fluctuating vision. Diagnosis involves eye exams and imaging tests. Treatment options include laser surgery, injections of corticosteroids or anti-VEGF drugs, and vitrectomy surgery in severe cases. Nursing care focuses on managing risks, teaching patients how to care for their eyes, and reducing anxiety.
MECHANISMS AND TERMINOLOGIES IN BINOCULAR VISION.pptxkajal bhagat
The document discusses various mechanisms and terminologies in binocular vision, including:
- Corresponding retinal points, which allow for single binocular vision when stimulated.
- The horopter, which is the locus of points that fall on corresponding retinal points. It can take different shapes depending on the fixation distance.
- Panum's fusional area, which is the area around the horopter where binocular fusion can still occur. Its size depends on factors like fixation distance and interocular separation.
- Fixation disparity, which is a small misalignment of the eyes during binocular fixation, usually horizontal or vertical, that does not cause diplopia due to being within Panum's area.
ROLE OF CHEMOTHERAPY IN OCULAR MALIGNANCIES by IDDI.pptxIddi Ndyabawe
Chemotherapy plays an important role in treating ocular malignancies. It can be used as adjuvant therapy with surgery and radiation, as well as palliatively to decrease tumor load. Common agents include mitomycin C, 5-FU, interferons, and for retinoblastoma, vincristine, etoposide and carboplatin. Chemotherapy is indicated for eyelid, conjunctival, intraocular tumors and orbital tumors like rhabdomyosarcoma. Side effects depend on the agent but can include keratoconjunctivitis and corneal toxicity.
Dr. Soumava Mandal discusses the treatment options for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) that have emerged over time, including photocoagulation (1979), photodynamic therapy (PDT) (2001), and anti-VEGF drugs (2004). Key studies evaluated the efficacy of photocoagulation, PDT, pegaptanib, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept, and brolucizumab in treating NVAMD. These studies demonstrated the benefits of anti-VEGF drugs over previous options, with ranibizumab and aflibercept approved for monthly or bi-monthly dosing based on visual acuity and OCT monitoring
Optic atrophy is the permanent loss of retinal ganglion cell axons and death of these cells, resulting in changes to the optic disc such as pallor. It has many potential causes, including diseases that damage the optic nerve or retina. On examination, patients with optic atrophy typically have reduced visual acuity and color vision, as well as an afferent pupillary defect. The optic disc appears pale on ophthalmoscopy.
This document discusses intraocular lenses (IOLs) used in cataract surgery. It begins by introducing IOL implantation and its history starting in 1795. It then describes the generations of IOLs from the first successful implantation in 1949 to modern multifocal and accommodative IOLs. The rest of the document details the different types of IOLs based on characteristics like material, size, haptic style, optic design, and intended vision correction. It also discusses considerations for special IOLs and potential future IOL designs.
This document discusses ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS. It begins by describing HIV/AIDS etiology, noting that HIV-1 is the most common type worldwide. It then discusses various ocular manifestations associated with different CD4 counts, including Kaposi's sarcoma, CMV retinitis, and HIV retinopathy. Specific conditions of the anterior segment like molluscum contagiosum and of the posterior segment like CMV retinitis are then described in more detail, including characteristics, treatment options, and images. The document emphasizes that CMV retinitis is the most common opportunistic infection and discusses antiviral treatments for it like ganciclovir and foscarnet. It concludes by noting
This document discusses intravitreal injections for the treatment of retinal diseases like diabetic macular edema. It provides details on drugs used like Avastin, Lucentis, and triamcinolone including dosages and frequency of injections. While Avastin and Lucentis are both VEGF inhibitors, Avastin is not FDA approved for intraocular use. Laser therapy may still be used as an adjunct treatment or for extrafoveal areas. Proper injection technique involves using a 30-gauge needle for Avastin and Lucentis and 27-gauge for triamcinolone through the pars plana 3.5-4mm from the limbus.
This document discusses wound healing following cataract surgery incisions. It describes:
- The different patterns of wound healing depending on incision location (corneal, limbal, scleral) and use of conjunctival flaps.
- The multi-phase healing process involving epithelial, endothelial, and stromal repair over days to months. Epithelial healing occurs rapidly via migration and mitosis while endothelial and stromal healing are slower processes.
- Biochemical roles of different corneal layers and cells in the wound healing process, including production of collagen, proteoglycans, and other structural components by epithelial, endothelial, and stromal cells.
Este documento describe varias enfermedades de la córnea, incluyendo queratocono, queratitis bacteriana, queratitis viral, queratitis fúngica y queratitis seca por rosácea. El queratocono es una alteración corneal no inflamatoria que causa un adelgazamiento y abultamiento en forma de cono de la córnea. La queratitis bacteriana puede ser causada por bacterias como Staphylococcus aureus y se caracteriza por dolor, secreción y visión borrosa. La queratitis viral incluye infecciones por herpes simple que pueden caus
This document discusses the classification and imaging of orbital vascular lesions. It describes several classification systems, including one based on natural history and histology and another based on hemodynamic flow. The main lesion types discussed are capillary hemangiomas, venous vascular malformations (orbital varices), venous lymphatic malformations, arterial/arteriovenous lesions, and neoplasms. Capillary hemangiomas are the most common orbital tumor in infants. Orbital varices result from congenital weakness in the venous wall and cause stress proptosis. CT is useful for evaluating these lesions, and stress maneuvers like Valsalva can demonstrate varices more clearly.
FOR OPTOMETRY STUDENTS, ACUTE RED EYE AND SYMPTOMS AFTER WEARING A LONG TERM CONTACT LENS WITHOUT PROPER PROCEDURE
Contact lens-induced acute red eye (CLARE) occurs in the presence of corneal hypoxia combined with noninvasive gram-negative bacteria that elicit an inflammatory reaction secondary to bacterial endotoxin. No actual corneal infection exists in this case
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) involves thrombosis of retinal veins, leading to macular edema and ischemia. There are two main types: central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). CRVO has a worse prognosis, with ischaemic CRVO associated with severe vision loss. Treatment options for macular edema include anti-VEGF drugs like ranibizumab and aflibercept, as well as steroid implants like Ozurdex. Clinical trials show these options can significantly improve vision in RVO patients with macular edema. Treatment is usually initiated with 3 monthly injections, with retreatment as needed based on OCT and vision assessments.
This document discusses the differences between DSAEK and DMEK endothelial keratoplasty procedures. DMEK, where the donor tissue is thinner than DSAEK, provides better visual outcomes but is more technically challenging to perform due to the delicate tissue handling required. DSAEK is easier to perform but results in slightly worse vision initially. Long term graft survival is similar between the two procedures, though DMEK has lower rejection rates while DSAEK has fewer intraoperative complications. The document examines factors related to tissue preparation, surgical technique, patient anatomy, and postoperative outcomes when comparing DSAEK to DMEK.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de cataratas, incluyendo cataratas metabólicas asociadas con enfermedades como la diabetes, hipoparatiroidismo y enfermedad de Fabry. También describe cataratas inducidas por factores como radiación, drogas como corticoesteroides, y traumatismos. Explica los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, características clínicas y morfológicas de cada tipo.
MAIA is a microperimetry easy to use, able to perform rehabilitation for people who have lost their central vision due to macular pathologies like AMD "Age Related Macular Degeneration".
Operating an OCT & evaluating normal scan (Optom.Saptarshi Mehta).....Saptarshivision
Here you can understand the basic of OCT and how to interpreted a OCT scan. Alteration in retinal layers which shows in OCT, what is the correct terminology to describe them, and how to identify the artifacts which can induce errors in measurement making quantitative data inaccurate. I am trying to include all the essential information in this presentation. I hope, which helps you, for your clinical practice. Thank you.
This document provides a review of angle closure glaucomas and neovascular glaucoma. It discusses gonioscopy as the essential diagnostic tool for viewing the iridocorneal angle. Acute primary angle closure glaucoma results from pupillary block causing elevated intraocular pressure, red eyes, eye pain and blurred vision. Risk factors include hyperopia and Asian ethnicity. Treatment involves medications to lower pressure and laser iridotomy. Neovascular glaucoma is caused by retinal ischemia leading to iris and angle neovascularization, with complications of blindness and pain if uncontrolled.
Nystagmus is involuntary, rhythmic eye movement that can be either physiological or pathological. It is classified based on its mechanism, direction, frequency and other characteristics. Common types include infantile nystagmus, acquired nystagmus, upbeat nystagmus, and downbeat nystagmus. Nystagmus is evaluated through history, eye examination, neuroimaging and eye movement recordings. Treatment aims to improve vision and reduce oscillopsia, using optical, medical or surgical methods like prisms, medications, and extraocular muscle surgery.
Este documento presenta lineamientos sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la endotropia y exotropia en niños. Define la endotropia congénita infantil y la endotropia acomodativa, e incluye un proceso de evaluación detallado con historia clínica, examen físico y exámenes adicionales. El objetivo es proveer una guía para el diagnóstico y manejo oportuno de estas condiciones del ojo en la población pediátrica.
This document summarizes various attempted methods for controlling myopia progression that have been studied in randomized clinical trials. It discusses treatments aimed at inducing hyperopic peripheral defocus such as orthokeratology lenses, multifocal soft lenses, and novel spectacle lens designs. It also reviews the use of gas permeable contact lenses, multifocal spectacle lenses, vision training, and pharmacological treatments such as atropine. For each method, it provides details on relevant clinical studies and their findings on the effectiveness of the treatment at slowing myopia progression.
Este documento resume los exámenes de diagnóstico recomendados para la evaluación de pacientes con uveítis, incluyendo pruebas de laboratorio, serológicas, radiológicas, de fluidos intraoculares y técnicas de imagen como la fluoresceinografía y la angiografía con indocianina verde. El documento describe la sensibilidad y especificidad de cada prueba y las enfermedades que pueden diagnosticar.
Este documento describe la endoftalmitis infecciosa postraumática. Explica que es una complicación rara pero grave de los traumatismos oculares, con una incidencia del 3.4% en heridas abiertas del globo ocular. Los factores que afectan su evolución incluyen el tipo de herida, microorganismo causal, presencia o ausencia de C.E.I.O. y tiempo hasta el tratamiento. También describe los diferentes tipos de endoftalmitis y factores de riesgo asociados a la endoftalmitis
This document discusses intraocular lenses (IOLs) used in cataract surgery. It begins by introducing IOL implantation and its history starting in 1795. It then describes the generations of IOLs from the first successful implantation in 1949 to modern multifocal and accommodative IOLs. The rest of the document details the different types of IOLs based on characteristics like material, size, haptic style, optic design, and intended vision correction. It also discusses considerations for special IOLs and potential future IOL designs.
This document discusses ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS. It begins by describing HIV/AIDS etiology, noting that HIV-1 is the most common type worldwide. It then discusses various ocular manifestations associated with different CD4 counts, including Kaposi's sarcoma, CMV retinitis, and HIV retinopathy. Specific conditions of the anterior segment like molluscum contagiosum and of the posterior segment like CMV retinitis are then described in more detail, including characteristics, treatment options, and images. The document emphasizes that CMV retinitis is the most common opportunistic infection and discusses antiviral treatments for it like ganciclovir and foscarnet. It concludes by noting
This document discusses intravitreal injections for the treatment of retinal diseases like diabetic macular edema. It provides details on drugs used like Avastin, Lucentis, and triamcinolone including dosages and frequency of injections. While Avastin and Lucentis are both VEGF inhibitors, Avastin is not FDA approved for intraocular use. Laser therapy may still be used as an adjunct treatment or for extrafoveal areas. Proper injection technique involves using a 30-gauge needle for Avastin and Lucentis and 27-gauge for triamcinolone through the pars plana 3.5-4mm from the limbus.
This document discusses wound healing following cataract surgery incisions. It describes:
- The different patterns of wound healing depending on incision location (corneal, limbal, scleral) and use of conjunctival flaps.
- The multi-phase healing process involving epithelial, endothelial, and stromal repair over days to months. Epithelial healing occurs rapidly via migration and mitosis while endothelial and stromal healing are slower processes.
- Biochemical roles of different corneal layers and cells in the wound healing process, including production of collagen, proteoglycans, and other structural components by epithelial, endothelial, and stromal cells.
Este documento describe varias enfermedades de la córnea, incluyendo queratocono, queratitis bacteriana, queratitis viral, queratitis fúngica y queratitis seca por rosácea. El queratocono es una alteración corneal no inflamatoria que causa un adelgazamiento y abultamiento en forma de cono de la córnea. La queratitis bacteriana puede ser causada por bacterias como Staphylococcus aureus y se caracteriza por dolor, secreción y visión borrosa. La queratitis viral incluye infecciones por herpes simple que pueden caus
This document discusses the classification and imaging of orbital vascular lesions. It describes several classification systems, including one based on natural history and histology and another based on hemodynamic flow. The main lesion types discussed are capillary hemangiomas, venous vascular malformations (orbital varices), venous lymphatic malformations, arterial/arteriovenous lesions, and neoplasms. Capillary hemangiomas are the most common orbital tumor in infants. Orbital varices result from congenital weakness in the venous wall and cause stress proptosis. CT is useful for evaluating these lesions, and stress maneuvers like Valsalva can demonstrate varices more clearly.
FOR OPTOMETRY STUDENTS, ACUTE RED EYE AND SYMPTOMS AFTER WEARING A LONG TERM CONTACT LENS WITHOUT PROPER PROCEDURE
Contact lens-induced acute red eye (CLARE) occurs in the presence of corneal hypoxia combined with noninvasive gram-negative bacteria that elicit an inflammatory reaction secondary to bacterial endotoxin. No actual corneal infection exists in this case
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) involves thrombosis of retinal veins, leading to macular edema and ischemia. There are two main types: central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). CRVO has a worse prognosis, with ischaemic CRVO associated with severe vision loss. Treatment options for macular edema include anti-VEGF drugs like ranibizumab and aflibercept, as well as steroid implants like Ozurdex. Clinical trials show these options can significantly improve vision in RVO patients with macular edema. Treatment is usually initiated with 3 monthly injections, with retreatment as needed based on OCT and vision assessments.
This document discusses the differences between DSAEK and DMEK endothelial keratoplasty procedures. DMEK, where the donor tissue is thinner than DSAEK, provides better visual outcomes but is more technically challenging to perform due to the delicate tissue handling required. DSAEK is easier to perform but results in slightly worse vision initially. Long term graft survival is similar between the two procedures, though DMEK has lower rejection rates while DSAEK has fewer intraoperative complications. The document examines factors related to tissue preparation, surgical technique, patient anatomy, and postoperative outcomes when comparing DSAEK to DMEK.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de cataratas, incluyendo cataratas metabólicas asociadas con enfermedades como la diabetes, hipoparatiroidismo y enfermedad de Fabry. También describe cataratas inducidas por factores como radiación, drogas como corticoesteroides, y traumatismos. Explica los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, características clínicas y morfológicas de cada tipo.
MAIA is a microperimetry easy to use, able to perform rehabilitation for people who have lost their central vision due to macular pathologies like AMD "Age Related Macular Degeneration".
Operating an OCT & evaluating normal scan (Optom.Saptarshi Mehta).....Saptarshivision
Here you can understand the basic of OCT and how to interpreted a OCT scan. Alteration in retinal layers which shows in OCT, what is the correct terminology to describe them, and how to identify the artifacts which can induce errors in measurement making quantitative data inaccurate. I am trying to include all the essential information in this presentation. I hope, which helps you, for your clinical practice. Thank you.
This document provides a review of angle closure glaucomas and neovascular glaucoma. It discusses gonioscopy as the essential diagnostic tool for viewing the iridocorneal angle. Acute primary angle closure glaucoma results from pupillary block causing elevated intraocular pressure, red eyes, eye pain and blurred vision. Risk factors include hyperopia and Asian ethnicity. Treatment involves medications to lower pressure and laser iridotomy. Neovascular glaucoma is caused by retinal ischemia leading to iris and angle neovascularization, with complications of blindness and pain if uncontrolled.
Nystagmus is involuntary, rhythmic eye movement that can be either physiological or pathological. It is classified based on its mechanism, direction, frequency and other characteristics. Common types include infantile nystagmus, acquired nystagmus, upbeat nystagmus, and downbeat nystagmus. Nystagmus is evaluated through history, eye examination, neuroimaging and eye movement recordings. Treatment aims to improve vision and reduce oscillopsia, using optical, medical or surgical methods like prisms, medications, and extraocular muscle surgery.
Este documento presenta lineamientos sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la endotropia y exotropia en niños. Define la endotropia congénita infantil y la endotropia acomodativa, e incluye un proceso de evaluación detallado con historia clínica, examen físico y exámenes adicionales. El objetivo es proveer una guía para el diagnóstico y manejo oportuno de estas condiciones del ojo en la población pediátrica.
This document summarizes various attempted methods for controlling myopia progression that have been studied in randomized clinical trials. It discusses treatments aimed at inducing hyperopic peripheral defocus such as orthokeratology lenses, multifocal soft lenses, and novel spectacle lens designs. It also reviews the use of gas permeable contact lenses, multifocal spectacle lenses, vision training, and pharmacological treatments such as atropine. For each method, it provides details on relevant clinical studies and their findings on the effectiveness of the treatment at slowing myopia progression.
Este documento resume los exámenes de diagnóstico recomendados para la evaluación de pacientes con uveítis, incluyendo pruebas de laboratorio, serológicas, radiológicas, de fluidos intraoculares y técnicas de imagen como la fluoresceinografía y la angiografía con indocianina verde. El documento describe la sensibilidad y especificidad de cada prueba y las enfermedades que pueden diagnosticar.
Este documento describe la endoftalmitis infecciosa postraumática. Explica que es una complicación rara pero grave de los traumatismos oculares, con una incidencia del 3.4% en heridas abiertas del globo ocular. Los factores que afectan su evolución incluyen el tipo de herida, microorganismo causal, presencia o ausencia de C.E.I.O. y tiempo hasta el tratamiento. También describe los diferentes tipos de endoftalmitis y factores de riesgo asociados a la endoftalmitis
2. Nikifor Krynicki, właściwie
Epifaniusz Drowniak (ur. 21
maja 1895 w Krynicy, zm. 10
października 1968 w Foluszu)
– polski malarz łemkowskiego
pochodzenia, przedstawiciel
prymitywizmu.
3. Matka wychowywała go samotnie, w wielkiej biedzie i
poniewierce, najmując się do różnych prac gospodarskich,
odziedziczył wadę słuchu i wymowy. Osierocony podczas I
wojny światowej, nie umiejący porozumieć się z otoczeniem,
traktowany był początkowo przez krynicką społeczność jako
odmieniec - izolowany fizycznie i psychicznie, wyśmiewany.
4. Nie wiadomo, skąd
wzięło się jego imię -
przezwisko oryginalnie
brzmiało ono
prawdopodobnie
Netyfor, w każdym
razie używał go od
najmłodszych lat. Przez
długi czas posługiwał
się wyłącznie tym
imieniem.
5. W roku 1949, przy okazji pierwszej indywidualnej wystawy prac, która
odbyła się w warszawskim salonie SARP-u, mianowano go okazjonalnie
"Janem Nikiforem" Dopiero w 1963 roku urzędowo nadano mu
nazwisko "Krynicki", co stanowiło przypieczętowanie administracyjnej
normalizacji jego statusu (jednocześnie od władz Krynicy otrzymał
mieszkanie). Natomiast w 2003 roku sąd w Muszynie rozstrzygnął, że
prawdziwe imię i nazwisko Nikifora to: Epifaniusz (Epifan) Drowniak.
6. Nie wiadomo również,
kiedy zaczął rysować i
malować. Od początku
jednak przejawiał ogromną
wolę dążenia do celu, jaki
sobie wyznaczył - być
malarzem, być "Matejką z
Krynicy". Czuł się zresztą
krynickim patriotą
lokalnym - dwukrotnie w
ramach akcji "Wisła"
wywożony w odległy koniec
Polski, z uporem wracał do
rodzinnego miasta.
7. Wrażenie robi tzw. szkicownik architektury sakralnej powstały kilka lat
później. Zdradza on zarazem obszar szczególnych inspiracji Nikifora,
którym była grecko-katolicka cerkiew. Znaczna część jego prac
przedstawia pejzaż z sylwetką cerkwi w tle (Cerkiew o zachodzie słońca,
lata 20.; Biskup przed cerkwią, około 1930; Cerkiew w miasteczku,
około 1962), wnętrze świątyni (Kapliczka, około 1930; Ostatnia
wieczerza, b.d.) lub hieratyczny wizerunek świętego (Święty Mikołaj,
lata 20.; Święty na drodze, przed 1956).
10. Szczególnie interesujące wydają się liczne
autoportrety (malowane głównie w latach 30.),
ponieważ ujawniają tyleż świadomość samego
siebie, własnej pozycji, co wyobrażenia
Nikifora na swój temat oraz jego aspiracje
(bardzo też lubił się fotografować).
Przedstawiał się na przykład jako: zamyślony,
siedzący pod drzewami; wytwornie ubrany,
usadowiony przy sztaludze; przy posiłku; z
dłonią uniesioną w geście błogosławieństwa
(stojący za ołtarzem - Nikifor w peruce,
Nikifor nauczający, albo w kościelnej niszy -
Nikifor Biskup, wreszcie przed wejściem do
świątyni - Nikifor rozsyłający uczniów). Na
wielu tych pracach widnieją nieporadne, ale
czytelne napisy: "Malarz" albo "Pamiątka z
Krynicy".
12. Bez względu na motyw Nikifor stosował niewielkie rozmiary prac, często
niewiele większe od kartki papieru zeszytowego. Początkowo
wykorzystywał podarowane skrawki - na przykład austriackie druki
urzędowe, zużyte zeszyty szkolne, opakowania po czekoladkach,
papierosach, papier pakowy. Z owej biedy i spowodowanej nią
oszczędności wzięły się między innymi obrazki malowane dwustronnie
(Chrystus nauczający / Chrystus błogosławiący, Święta Barbara /
Kapliczka, Święta Weronika / Chrystus w świątyni, około 1920).
13. Malował najchętniej akwarelą, czasami łączoną z temperą bądź farbą
olejną, rzadziej - w ostatnich latach życia - używał kredek. Mocny wyraz
plastyczny jego prac stanowi jednak efekt przekroczenia wszelkich
ograniczeń. Nawet w niewielkim formacie potrafił uzyskać
przedstawienie monumentalne - dzięki centralnej kompozycji, z
wyrazistą frontalną ekspozycją na osi symetrii pionowego prostokąta
figury ludzkiej, budowli bądź góry. Często pejzaż, scenę lub postać
zamykał w ozdobnej bordiurze (Święci na drodze, przed 1956).
14.
15. Dorobek Nikifora liczy kilkadziesiąt tysięcy prac. Najwybitniejsze - zdaniem
znawców - pochodzą z lat 20.-30. Wtedy określił zarówno swoje
zainteresowania ikonograficzne, jak estetyczne. Znaczną ilość swoich dzieł
rozdał bądź sprzedał za przysłowiowe grosze, w latach największej biedy.
Jego talent odkrył ukraiński malarz, Roman Turyn. Był on również
pierwszym zbieraczem akwarelowych kompozycji Nikifora (kolekcja, którą
zgromadził, obejmowała blisko dwieście prac). Będąc w Paryżu, pokazał je
przebywającym tam członkom Komitetu Paryskiego, z którymi łączyła go
przyjaźń. Kapiści byli zachwyceni. Próbowali doprowadzić do indywidualnej
wystawy prac Nikifora w Paryżu, ale zamiar ten nie powiódł się. Część
"obrazków" włączono jednak do zbiorowej ekspozycji malarzy lwowskich i
przedstawicieli École de Paris, przygotowanej przez lwowskie Ukraińskie
Muzeum Narodowe w 1932 roku.
16. Nadal jednak żył i pracował w osamotnieniu, a przede wszystkim w biedzie,
bo od nieznanego mało kto kupował obrazy. Dopiero w latach 50., a
zwłaszcza w 60. jego pozycja jako artysty zaczęła wzrastać (chociaż jeszcze
z lat 50. zachował się ilustrowany list żebraczy, w którym malarz prosił o
"kawałek płótna czy też jedzenie czy pieniądze" i oferował do sprzedaży
swoje "obrazki", za które żądał, jak przejmująco pisał, "bardzo tanio, aby
tylko żyć"). Stopniowo jednak osiągnął popularność, przede wszystkim
dzięki powtórnemu odkryciu - przez małżeństwo Ellę i Andrzeja Banachów.
Banachowie nie tylko publikowali poświęcone mu artykuły i książki
(pierwsza - "Nikifor, mistrz z Krynicy" Andrzeja Banacha - ukazała się już
w 1957 roku), organizowali wystawy, ale również często odwiedzali go i
zapraszali do siebie, opiekowali się nim, służąc pomocą w trudach
codziennej egzystencji
17. Historia sławy Nikifora obejmuje
również dzieje wystaw: począwszy od
pierwszej indywidualnej krajowej w
roku 1949, poprzez szereg
zagranicznych, od końca lat 50. (Paryż
- galeria Diny Vierny), Amsterdam,
Bruksela, Liege, 1959; krytycy
porównywali malarza do Celnika-
Rousseau), przez lata 60. (Haifa, 1960;
Wiedeń, Baden-Baden, Frankfurt nad
Menem, Hanower, 1961). Wymienić też
trzeba pierwszą i ostatnią
retrospektywę: pierwsza miała miejsce
w 1967 roku w warszawskiej
"Zachęcie", ostatnia - w 2004 roku w
warszawskim Muzeum
Etnograficznym. Natomiast w roku
1995 w krynickiej willi "Romanówka"
otwarto Muzeum Nikifora (jako
oddział Muzeum Okręgowego w
Nowym Sączu).