Blockchains provide a decentralized way to store data and record transactions. Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) use blockchains to represent unique digital assets. To create an NFT project, key steps include: 1) Choosing a blockchain based on its maturity, funding programs, and ability to balance security, decentralization and scalability. 2) Selecting an NFT standard like ERC-721 that supports unique tokens. 3) Deciding how to store metadata like names and descriptions, typically using decentralized storage like IPFS. 4) Implementing and testing the smart contract functionality before deployment and minting new tokens.

1. NFTs technical guide
By Walid KHEMIRI

2. 2
01 Non-fungible tokens(NFTs)
02 NFT project: technical
steps
Plan

3. Non-fungible
tokens(NFTs)

4. 4
Blockchain is a highly secure, reliable, and decentralized network that store
data, exchange values, and record transactions activity in a shared ledger that is
not controlled by any central authority, but instead maintained by multiple
parties.
Blockchain

5. 5
- They manage a digital agreement between unrusted parties
- A set of promises (in digital form), that run on a blockchain automatically.
- They are deployed and executed on a blockchain.
- A computer program that automatically executes all or parts of an agreement
between parties without the need of a trusted third party.
Smart contract

6. 6
- Used to represent value in our digital world using Blockchain and smart contract.
- It is a new way to create, store and transfer values in our digital world on the internet via
decentralized, transparent, P2P, without an intermediary, low cost, and instant manner.
-They programmed using a smart contract
Token

7. 7
- Initial coin offering (ICO), Security Token Offering(STO)
- Decentralized finance(DeFi)
- Non-fungible tokens(NFTs)
- Decentralized autonomous organization(DAOs)
- X to Earn: Play to Earn, Move to Earn, etc
- Decentralized science(DeSci)
- Decentralized Society (DeSoc)
- Regenerative Finance (ReFi)
Token and smart contract
movements

8. 8
- Initial coin offering (ICO), Security Token Offering(STO)
- Decentralized finance(DeFi)
- Non-fungible tokens(NFTs)
- Decentralized autonomous organization(DAOs)
- X to Earn: Play to Earn, Move to Earn, etc
- Decentralized science(DeSci)
- Decentralized Society (DeSoc)
- Regenerative Finance (ReFi)
Token and smart contract
movements

9. 9
What is Fungibility?
- “Fungibility” refers to the interchangeability of
the asset.
- Fungible is the property of being exchangeable
for other assets of the same kind without any
change in value or usability.
- Non-fungible things, are not interchangeable
with one another and have unique properties
that can make them radically different from one
another, even though they may look similar.
Non-fungible tokens(NFTs)

10. 10
- A non-fungible token (NFT) is a digital cryptographic token that
represents ownership of something unique.
- A Non-Fungible Token is NOT fungible. It is a token that represents a
unique asset with characteristics that are particular to it: it cannot be
interchanged or replaced by another equivalent token.
- An NFT can represent anything like a physical thing (house), a digital
thing (crypto punk) or even an idea (intellectual property).
- NFTs can take the form of a digital work, a virtual land, a domain
name.
Non-fungible tokens(NFTs)

11. 11
Mainly, NFTs are composed of two distinct parts: Token and Metadata. Each token is linked to an account as well as to metadata
(describe the asset which the token represents).
In the NFTs space, the metadata is the actual content and the description of what the token represents. This is what gives
meaning to an NFT.
In an NFT, the metadata is pointed to uniform resource identifier (URI) referenced in the token.
Non-fungible tokens(NFTs)
TOKEN ID OWNER(ACCOUNT ADDRESS)
1 0x6E7448a6335d5C947953994d071D4Dc1F6e5BE96
2 0xEA9Eb93E5dca67f5BFc00e8B82b4FdfbB6B838e6
TOKEN ID METADATA(URI)
1 ipfs://bafyreicioolpq7rcevvruaxte2jb3h4mmyz3px2ytzohbo5a3zum
2 ipfs://QmTy8w65yBXgyfG2ZBg5TrfB2hPjrDQH3RCQFJGkARStJb

12. Digital Art
Anything unique in any industry, we can use NFTs to make the
digital representation of it
NFTs are tokens. A digital representation of ownership that can be
recognised, transferred, upgraded, automated and transacted
between humans, computers, devices, drones and much more in
a B2B and B2C context.
Gaming
12
NFTsuse cases
Event
ticketing
etc …

13. 13
NFTs as new digital
primitive
- NFTs are not just an avatar or an image. It is a new powerful digital
primitive.
- You can represent anything unique using an NFT in our digital world.
- The programmability aspects provided by the smart contract lead to an
infinite feature around NFTs.

14. 13
NFTs features
- Membership NFTs
- Digital twin
- NFTs royalties
- NFTs ownership access management
- Proof of attendance protocol(POAP)
- Ticketing: tickets NFTs
- NFT Renting
It will be a lot of features based on NFTs.
- NFTs as collateral
- Badges NFTs
- Digital art collection
- Fractional NFTs (F-NFTs)
- Gaming items
- Subscription NFTs
- Dynamic NFT (dNFT)
- …

15. NFTs project
steps

16. 15
01 02 03 04
07 06 05
Pick a
blockchain
Technical Steps
NFTs project

17. 16

18. How can I choose a suitable
Blockchain?
17
01 Blockchain
ecosystem
maturity

19. 18
Blockchain ecosystem
maturity
Tools
Documentation
Number of
developers
Active address
count
Libraries and
frameworks
forums
feedbacks

20. How can I choose the suitable
Blockchain ?
19
01 Blockchain
ecosystem
maturity
02 Project funding:
Grant program

21. 2
0
1
3
Grant program
20

22. How can I choose the suitable
Blockchain ?
21
01 Blockchain
ecosystem
maturity
03 Blockchain
Trilemma
02 Project funding:
Grant program

23. 22
Blockchain Trilemma
- It is introduced by Vitalik Buterin(co-founder of Ethereum)
- Blockchains are often forced to make trade-offs that prevent them from
achieving 3 aspects (Different priorities, result in different design tradeoffs):
- Security: the ability of the blockchain system to operate as expected, and
defend itself from attacks, bugs, and other unforeseen issues.
- Decentralization: creating a blockchain system that does not rely on a
central point of control.
- Scalability : the ability for a blockchain system to handle an increasingly
growing amount of transactions.

24. How can I choose the suitable
Blockchain ?
23
01 Blockchain
ecosystem
maturity
03 Blockchain
Trilemma
02 Project funding:
Grant program
04 Transaction
fees and
transactions
throughput

25. 2
0
1
3
Transaction fees and
transactions throughput
24

26. 25
- If high throughput/lower gas fees are a critical point for the success of your NFTs
project. So, Layer-2 is a good choice.
- L2 is a rich ecosystem. There are multiple types of L2 projects which are based
on different technologies:
- Optimistic rollups: Arbitrum, Optimism, and Boba Network
- Zero-knowledge rollups: Polygon Hermez, zkSync, STARKNET, Aztec
- State channel: Connext, Kchannels, and Perun, The Raiden Network
- Plasma: pg, Ploygon
- Validium: DeversiFi, Immutable X
- NFT-Specific L2: : Immutable X, Sorare based on StarkEx
- With Sidechains, we can also achieve high throughput/lower gas fees
- Sidechain projects: Polygon, Skale
Layer-2 Scaling/
Sidechains

27. 26
01 02 03 04
07 06 05
Pick a
blockchain
NFT Standard
NFTs project
Technical Steps

28. 27
NFTs standards
Blockchain Standards
Ethereum ERC721, ERC1155
Binance Smart Chain
(BSC)
BEP-721, BEP-1155
Tezos FA2 (TZIP-12)
NEAR NEP-171, NEP-177, NEP-178, NEP-181
Algorand Algorand Standard Assets (ASAs)
Flow The Flow Non-Fungible Token standard
Tron TRC-721(equivalent to ERC-721)
Cardano CIP NFT Metadata Standard
Polkadot The Paratoken Standard

29. 28
Ethereum NFTs standards
ERC721 ERC1155
Only one token type Multi token type
Transfer one token at a time Batch-transfer in single transaction
Only Non-Fungible token Supports creation of both fungible and
Non-Fungible token
Consume a lots of gas Consume less gas
https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155

30. 29
01 02 03 04
07 06 05
Pick a
blockchain
NFT Standard Metadata:
Storage type
NFTs project
Technical Steps

31. 30
- NFT metadata is one of the core components of an NFT.
- Metadata is a set of data that describes and gives information about anything.
- It is a JSON document that often contains the following: Name, Description, Traits,
etc.
NFTs Metadata

32. 31
NFT metadata is the core of an
NFT. It is a JSON document that
often contains the following:
NFT’s name
Description of the NFT
Link to the hosted image
Traits
…
https://docs.opensea.io/docs/
metadata-standards
NFTs Marketplace: OpenSea

33. 32
Metadata storage type
- Metadata can be stored on-chain or off-chain using decentralized storage systems like IPFS or even private storage. However, in order to
reliably model ownership of assets, metadata (or at least a hash) should be stored on-chain so that it cannot be tampered with.
- This URI could point to a website maintained by the NFT creator or a third party, an IPFS address, or other data location that the NFT app
can resolve.
- Image can be stored on-chain using SVG format.

34. 33
- One of the most used solutions for storing
metadata
- It is a protocol to access files on the internet.
- IPFS is a peer-to-peer distributed file system
that seeks to connect all computing devices
with the same system of files.
- IPFS aims to be complent with HTTP or
replace it.
- HTTP: location-based addressing.
- IPFS: content-based addressing
IPFS: InterPlanetary File System

35. 34
- IPFS is not responsible for the permanent
storage of your metadata and image.
- Files are temporary and will eventually be
deleted unless the user decides to "pin" the
data.
- You can run your IPFS node to ensure the high
availability of your data.
- You can alse delegate the infrastructure
responsibility to a remote pinning service.
- Remote pinning services: Pinata, nft.storage
IPFS: InterPlanetary File System

36. 35
- Other aspects may be useful for your NFTs project:
- The NFT Playbook by Walt.id: https://walt.id/nfts
- Dynamic NFT: https://blog.chain.link/what-is-a-dynamic-nft
- Hybrid smart contract: https://blog.chain.link/hybrid-smart-contracts-explained
- EIP-4361: Sign-In with Ethereum: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4361
- etc
Other aspects

37. 36
01 02 03 04
07 06 05
Pick a
blockchain
NFT Standard Metadata:
Storage type
Implementation/
Test
NFTs project
Technical Steps

38. 37
Hardhat
- An Ethereum development environment
- With hardhat:
1- Run a local Ethereum network for development
purpose.
2- Compile Smart contract
3- Deploy your contracts on the target network
4- Run tests
5- Debug Solidity code
- Tasks and plugins features:
1- Rich ecosystem of plugins created by the community.
2- You can create some tasks or some plugins to reuse
later.
EVM compatible chains

39. 38
OpenZeppelin
- A library for secure smart contract development.
- A set of modular, reusable, secure smart contracts for the
EVM networks, written in Solidity.
- Build on a solid foundation of community-vetted code.
- Features:
1- Implementations of standards like ERC20, ERC721,
ERC1155 and ERC777.
2- Flexible role-based permissioning scheme.
3- Reusable Solidity components to build custom
contracts and complex decentralized systems.
EVM compatible chains

40. 39
Ether.js/Web3.js
- Most popular JavaScript libraries to interact with smart
contracts.
EVM compatible chains

41. 40
Alchemy
- An RPC node provider
- An enhanced API to build NFTs project.
- etc ..
Multi-Chains
Moralis
- An RPC node provider
- An enhanced API to build NFTs project.
- Web3UIKit: Lightweight reusable Web3 UI components
for dapps developers
- etc …

42. 41
Decentralized oracle network: Chainlink
- Chainlink provide tamper-proof inputs, outputs, and
computations to support advanced smart contracts on
any blockchain:
- Chainlink Verifiable Random Function (VRF)
- Chainlink Data Feeds
- Chainlink Keepers
- Call External APIs
Multi-Chains
Indexing protocol: The Graph
- The Graph is the indexing and query layer of the
decentralized web

43. 42
01 02 03 04
07 06 05
Pick a
blockchain
NFT Standard Metadata:
Storage type
Smart
contract
auditing
Implementation/
Test
NFTs project
Technical Steps

44. 43
01 02 03 04
08 07 06 05
Pick a
blockchain
NFT Standard Metadata:
Storage type
Smart
contract
deployment
Smart
contract
auditing
Implementation/
Test
NFTs project
Technical Steps

45. 44
01 02 03 04
07 06 05
Pick a
blockchain
NFT Standard Metadata:
Storage type
Smart
contract
deployment
Mint new
tokens
Smart
contract
auditing
Implementation/
Test
NFTs project
Technical Steps

46. Thank You