The document discusses evaluating the reliability of news and information online. It introduces the IMVAIN system for assessing source credibility which looks at whether a source is named, authoritative, independent, has information that can be verified, and is corroborated by multiple sources. It emphasizes that readers must carefully evaluate sources and information to determine what is reliable and can be shared.
Presentation on the uses & misues of data, embracing illustrations & examples, as presented to the Numis Securities Media Conference in London April 2011
How to rock the biggest blogger ever your industry has ever seen.Olivier Perez Kennedy
As of today, aggregated visits from blogs outperform by far aggregated visits of major news outlets.
And yet, as the frequency of press conferences continues to rise, the number of events fully dedicated to bloggers is close to none.
Here is a 8 point checklist to rock the biggest blogger event your industry has ever seen.
In our current social and political landscape, ‘Fake News’ has dominated the global conversation, but how do we recognize what is mis- and disinformation? And how can we contain it?
In this webinar, we take a closer look at this pressing issue, and how to use technology to mitigate the effects of misinformation and fight distrust.
Chapters 1 and Chapters 8 (on mobile analytics) of this book that is still "in progress" ... I was in the middle of writing this book when Open Marketing (my agency) got acquired by Bislr / Autopilot
The Case for News Literacy (The News Literacy Project)PeterNLP
This short presentation gives a concise overview of the field of news literacy and makes the case for its inclusion as a vital skill for students in the 21st century.
#AppleEvent: What People Really Cared Aboutevolve24
evolve24 takes a deeper look at Apple's press conference in September 2014 to better understand what people are most interested in. Conversations are measured by Emotion Score™ plus volume and sentiment.
This presentation showcases some of the results from a 45-minute Real-Time Large-Scale Focus Group™ run on August 6, 2014 with 153 MIllennials to understand their perceptions of news today, how they get their news (including the impact of social media) and how they react to different reporting styles (comedic, op-ed and straightforward).
In addition to asking general questions about news attitudes and consumption, respondents were also randomly exposed to 1 of 3 different newscasts (The Daily Show, CNN and the O'Reilly Factor) and asked to use a Dialsmith Perception Analyzer to indicate interest on a moment-to-moment basis. Then these respondents were asked a series of questions to gain more depth. Results were also analyzed by political stance (Liberal, Neutral, Conservative) to understand how this plays into attitudes and perceptions.
In this session of Entrepreneurship 101, we define the field of marketing and communications, covering the basics of advertising, branding, public relations and social media. We explore the idea of traction, and provide an overview of the 19 different channels and activities that have the potential to move the needle for your business.
Key topics covered: Brand identity, traction, PR and social media.
TIRED OF FAKE NEWS? COMBAT THEM?
This technology is created to
provide reliable and Fastest
Information you need. >>
https://www.entireweb.com/?
a=634e33f0d015d
Le deficit de l'attention : comment les marques peuvent-elles se faire entend...Ipsos France
Nos experts d’Ipsos Connect vous accompagnent pour adapter votre stratégie et gagner la bataille de l’attention. Retrouvez dans notre publication « LE DÉFICIT DE L’ATTENTION » nos 5 conseils pour éveiller l’intérêt des consommateurs, mesurer et augmenter leur attention.
Presentation on the uses & misues of data, embracing illustrations & examples, as presented to the Numis Securities Media Conference in London April 2011
How to rock the biggest blogger ever your industry has ever seen.Olivier Perez Kennedy
As of today, aggregated visits from blogs outperform by far aggregated visits of major news outlets.
And yet, as the frequency of press conferences continues to rise, the number of events fully dedicated to bloggers is close to none.
Here is a 8 point checklist to rock the biggest blogger event your industry has ever seen.
In our current social and political landscape, ‘Fake News’ has dominated the global conversation, but how do we recognize what is mis- and disinformation? And how can we contain it?
In this webinar, we take a closer look at this pressing issue, and how to use technology to mitigate the effects of misinformation and fight distrust.
Chapters 1 and Chapters 8 (on mobile analytics) of this book that is still "in progress" ... I was in the middle of writing this book when Open Marketing (my agency) got acquired by Bislr / Autopilot
The Case for News Literacy (The News Literacy Project)PeterNLP
This short presentation gives a concise overview of the field of news literacy and makes the case for its inclusion as a vital skill for students in the 21st century.
#AppleEvent: What People Really Cared Aboutevolve24
evolve24 takes a deeper look at Apple's press conference in September 2014 to better understand what people are most interested in. Conversations are measured by Emotion Score™ plus volume and sentiment.
This presentation showcases some of the results from a 45-minute Real-Time Large-Scale Focus Group™ run on August 6, 2014 with 153 MIllennials to understand their perceptions of news today, how they get their news (including the impact of social media) and how they react to different reporting styles (comedic, op-ed and straightforward).
In addition to asking general questions about news attitudes and consumption, respondents were also randomly exposed to 1 of 3 different newscasts (The Daily Show, CNN and the O'Reilly Factor) and asked to use a Dialsmith Perception Analyzer to indicate interest on a moment-to-moment basis. Then these respondents were asked a series of questions to gain more depth. Results were also analyzed by political stance (Liberal, Neutral, Conservative) to understand how this plays into attitudes and perceptions.
In this session of Entrepreneurship 101, we define the field of marketing and communications, covering the basics of advertising, branding, public relations and social media. We explore the idea of traction, and provide an overview of the 19 different channels and activities that have the potential to move the needle for your business.
Key topics covered: Brand identity, traction, PR and social media.
TIRED OF FAKE NEWS? COMBAT THEM?
This technology is created to
provide reliable and Fastest
Information you need. >>
https://www.entireweb.com/?
a=634e33f0d015d
Le deficit de l'attention : comment les marques peuvent-elles se faire entend...Ipsos France
Nos experts d’Ipsos Connect vous accompagnent pour adapter votre stratégie et gagner la bataille de l’attention. Retrouvez dans notre publication « LE DÉFICIT DE L’ATTENTION » nos 5 conseils pour éveiller l’intérêt des consommateurs, mesurer et augmenter leur attention.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
17. They amplify the power to alert, divert, and connect
Advantages of news online and on social media
Stories can direct you to sources and evidence
Audio-visual and interactive features add context,
enhance understanding
Ability to search a massive archive of stories
18.
19.
20.
21. Deconstruction Is deconstruction
Step 1
Summarize the main points, comparing headline to the story
Step 2
Did the reporter open the freezer? Is the evidence direct or indirect?
Step 3
Evaluate the sources using IMVAIN
Step 4
Does the reporter make his/her work transparent?
Step 5
Does the reporter place the facts, the story, in context?
Step 6
Are the key questions answered? (Who-What-When-Where-Why-How)
Step 7
Is the story fair? Is balance called for? What about fair play and language?
22. And the whole point is…
Is it actionable?
Can you reach a conclusion?
Can you take an action?
Can you make a judgment?
Should you share this information?
23. Why digital-age
headlines are different
Step 1
Summarize the main points, comparing headline to the story
1. HELLO, SEO Google loves
headlines full of search terms.
2. CLICK BAIT Headlines written
to sell, not tell the story.
24. Step 1
Summarize the main points, comparing headline to the story
PRINT WEB
MOBILE
Charles Dingle of
Brooklyn held in
crime spree at
Herbie’s Bar in
Jamaica
Guess what cops found in Queens strip
club
25. Step 2
Did the reporter open the freezer? Is the evidence direct or indirect?
26. Step 2
Did the reporter open the freezer? Is the evidence direct or indirect?
27.
28. Step 2
Did the reporter open the freezer? Is the evidence direct or indirect?
29. Yes, the digital age transformed the
landscape for news producers and
news consumers.
But one constant remains.
You need to ask a two-word question:
Says
Step 3
Evaluate the sources using IMVAIN
30. I-M-V-A-I-N
THE SAME SYSTEM CAN HELP YOU EVALUATE DIGITAL CONTENT
Named(Fullyidentified)
Authoritative/Informed (Knowledgeable)
Independent (Impartial)
Verifiable(Factual)
Multiple(Corroborated)
Today we explore how the deconstruction techniques we learned over the past two weeks can be applied to digital-age media – from social media posts to viral videos and websites. We also look at the impact that the power and perils of digital-age media have had on our politics and our quest for reliable information.
When news breaks, information and images hit it constantly, coming from multiple directions.
Do we know who Solveig Godeluck is? Do we speak French? If not, we may be skeptical at first. Here twitter account is verified, and she describes herself as a journalist, but can we be sure?
Colin Campbell at least credits his photo. He says he a reporter for Yahooo! News.
Here’s some video from an unverified account.
Patrick Galey works for the news outlet AFP. His account is verified.
This video comes from a recognized news outlet in the United States.
Here we have reporting from AFP news agency, not just raw information.
Joseph Curl does not have a verified account, but a quick Google search shows that he writes for the Washington Times. Reliable, right?
Well, it turns out that the picture he tweeted is from Notre Dame basilica in Montreal, Canada. Some people on twitter had fun responding to Curl’s gaffe. (He has not deleted the incorrect tweet.)
Here’s Glenn Beck concocting the perfect conspiracy theory—one that cannot be disproven because you won’t “find out about it.” Disgusting nonsense.
This BuzzFeed News “Trackback” video debunks the misinformation and confirms information surrounding the fire.
There’s no shortage of mis and disinformation circulating at any given time.
What happens when hoaxers decide to doctor a real news story to spread chaos and misinformation in the aftermath of a major mass shooting?
It might seem far-fetched, but this is exactly what happened to Monique O. Madan, a Miami Herald breaking news reporter, who last week was inundated with strange requests from parents and students at W.R. Thomas Middle School in Miami-Dade County asking whether their school was under threat.
The rumor was spreading like wildfire on Snapchat, a favorite among teenagers and a platform that prides itself on being relatively immune to fake news. It also comes at a sensitive time, following the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in Parkland, less than 50 miles from W.R. Thomas, in which 17 people were killed and several were wounded.
A Miami Herald story from last week was photoshopped to carry a different headline, text, and quotes from the school's principal and county official, while keeping both the Herald's masthead and Madan's byline, with great consequences to their reputation.
Dozens of worried parents and students started flooding the journalist's inbox and the school's landline, checking whether the rumor was true.
Janet Perez told CNN she received those screenshots from her niece, who attends W.R. Thomas.
https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/23/us/fake-screenshots-trnd/index.html
Malicious lies and hate speech also spread far and wide.
A search for the word “Jews” displayed 11,696 posts with the hashtag “#jewsdid911,” claiming that Jews had orchestrated the Sept. 11 terror attacks. Other hashtags on Instagram referenced Nazi ideology, including the number 88, an abbreviation used for the Nazi salute “Heil Hitler.”
The Instagram posts demonstrated a stark reality. Over the last 10 years, Silicon Valley’s social media companies have expanded their reach and influence to the furthest corners of the world. But it has become glaringly apparent that the companies never quite understood the negative consequences of that influence nor what to do about it — and that they cannot put the genie back in the bottle.
“Social media is emboldening people to cross the line and push the envelope on what they are willing to say to provoke and to incite,” said Jonathan Albright, research director at Columbia University’s Tow Center for Digital Journalism. “The problem is clearly expanding.”
The repercussions of the social media companies’ inability to handle disinformation and hate speech have manifested themselves abundantly in recent days. Cesar Sayoc Jr., who was charged last week with sending explosive devices to prominent Democrats, appeared to have been radicalized online by partisan posts on Twitter and Facebook. Robert D. Bowers, who is accused of killing 11 people at the Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh on Saturday, posted about his hatred of Jews on Gab, a two-year-old social network.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/29/technology/hate-on-social-media.html
Fake news may not be new, but misinformation and disinformation are omnipresent and more difficult to spot because of blurring of the lines. This means that the burden on news consumers to stop lies in their tracks and spread reliable news is greater than ever.
Who can take on the fake news writers, the political fans and foes who tweet and retweet and join the botnets and trolls spreading lies?
You can. You – the critical thinking savvy news consumer.
Those who expect Mark Zuckerberg or Facebook or Twitter to take responsibility for deciding what’s reliable and what’s not not only abdicate the right to make that judgment, they are inviting the perils that come with doing so. So let’s look at how you can not only decide what to trust, but also to play a part in helping other news consumers find reliable information.
Brooke Gladstone, co-host of NPR’s “On the Media,” interviewed Melissa Zimdars, assistant professor of communication and media at Merrimack College, who compiled a list of more than a hundred problematic news sites, along with tips for sorting the truthful from the troublesome. These 11 tips emerged from that interview.
Yes, there are challenges, but we should acknowledge, and take advantage of, the significant benefits of living in the information age.
New tools connect us in news ways, enabling ProPublica to lead this collaborative effort to collect information and report on hate crimes throughout the United States. Journalists get involved. Victims and witnesses play a role.
https://projects.propublica.org/graphics/hatecrimes
Consider this page on the New York Times website, covering the massive fires sweeping California.
Live, by the minute updates, keep us up to speed on a rapidly changing situation…
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/29/us/california-fires-kincade-getty.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage
Links to other stories add details and context.
So, to find reliable reporting that makes the best of the new tools available to us, and to be able to spot mis and disinformation, we should apply the steps of deconstruction.
The problem with lists of tips like the ones offered by the Washington Post and On the Media is that the methods and tendencies of those who produce disinformation are constantly changing. News Literacy and our deconstruction techniques offer an approach grounded in time-tested concepts. Whether you’re evaluating a tweet, an Instagram photo or a viral video, all of these steps can help you decide what’s reliable.
Let’s take a look at two of them . . .
Again…WHAT’S THE POINT? THE SEARCH FOR RELIABLE INFORMATION
Oh…and a good grade on the final, which is all deconstruction.
Let’s take it from the top – headlines. There are two things you should know about headlines in the digital world.
Digital headlines are designed to do one of two things – raise the story’s search-engine value or make you want to click it.
How would this classic tabloid front page headline have been written to optimize search results or clicks?
This claim by Jack Posobiec on Twitter?
I wonder how many of the 7000 people who retweeted this and 17,000 who liked this actually went and read the Constitution.
It’s not true at all. Just look at history: Bill Clinton was impeached by the House and acquitted in the Senate, and he was entitled to run again. (Andrew Johnson was also impeached and acquitted, but he chose not to run again. Anyway, that was before there were term limits for presidents.)
For those who wouldn’t know, Posobiec is a notorious right-wing troll. The blue checkmark next to his name does not indicate that he’s a reliable source of information—it only means that this is in fact Jack Posobiec’s twitter account.
https://mobile.twitter.com/JimSwiftDC/status/1179150041749086210
Contrast the previous tweet with this BuzzFeed News post on Instagram. It’s one of those unusual stories that we might dismiss at first glance….
But follow the link and you see the very Secret Service documents under discussion. So we should evaluate the evidence we encounter on social media.
https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/jasonleopold/eminem-secret-service-trump-ivanka-tmz
But be careful with inferences. Follow these posts down the rabbit hole.
Andrew Potter connects isolated events and argues that they’re evidence that an alien attack is imminent.
One of the first lessons of the semester – A story is only as reliable as the sources it is based on – applies to digital-age media as well. And that means source evaluation is at the very heart of deconstruction – and never more so than when evaluating social media. Yes, IMVAIN applies even to a viral video.
Every tweet has a source. Every website is put up by someone. Use the same tools you use to judge the reliability of news sources to decide how much trust to invest in the content you see online.
A viral video purportedly shows a man jumping from a plane 9,000 feet above the earth with no parachute through a small opening in a roof and onto a trampoline. Knowing what you know today, would you share it?
Let’s apply the IMVAIN system to evaluate the source of the information to determine its reliability.
Is the video from an independent source or is their self-interest involved?
Twitter and Facebook are great tools for launching a viral video. Looking through the many tweets, we found an odd one with the title “This Really Happened at our California Park.” An Internet search turned up various articles reporting the improbable jump, and several mentioned Sector 6, a trampoline park opening in New Orleans. It has a Facebook page, where one of the videos shows the skydive – and includes the line “This Really Happened at our California Park.”
And this version of the video ends with the logos of the new park and its sister site in California.
Whatever else this video is, it’s not independent. It appears to have been created to promote the new venue.
Multiple or single? The question of corroboration.
On the surface, the answer might be multiple because stories about the video can be found on numerous websites, including the London-based Daily Mail’s news site.
But they all show the same video. You won’t find any independent coverage of the event anywhere. Not the New York Times or the L.A. Times or CNN. If you were staging this dramatic event, would you forget to alert the media?
Video, News Lit teaches us, is the most powerful form of verification. Seeing is believing, right? The power of this video is what’s drawing all the attention. But is it authentic? There are no obvious signs of manipulation. But one online commenter noticed something odd. The spot where the video signal dramatically halts, putting the error messages “Connection Lost” and “End of stream” on screen mimics a common error screen from the popular game Minecraft – right down to the odd capitalization. Coincidence? Not likely …
Is our source authoritative, informed … or even identified?
No one is named in the video. No names, no credentials. The closest we get is the jumper identified only as “Travis.”
Another interesting choice. The closest thing to this video on You Tube is a 7-year-old video featuring extreme sports athlete Travis Pastrama, who jumped from a plane with no parachute but used two companions with chutes to slow his descent. It was a stunt created to promote Red Bull.
Would he do something even more daring and not be fully identified? Wouldn’t his home page or Twitter account mention the event or show the video. There’s no mention on either, nor can you find any mention of the jump on skydiving news sites.
So who made the video?
The final scene showing Travis being celebrated after the jump flashes an ID – “Sky Newz viral”
No such news organization exists. It’s an obvious play on the name of Britain-based Sky News, a news and entertainment company.
Not independent. Not multiple. Verification is in doubt. No authoritative source in sight. No real names.
Would you share it as news?
Snopes eventually caught up with the hoax.
Wait a second. Is this like the shark who keeps turning up when hurricanes hit? Or maybe this time, it’s for real. What do you think? <<CLICK FOR VIDEO>> Yup. This one was real – no trampoline, though.
Is transparency evident? Does the person at least cite a source or piece of evidence?
In this case, no. “Hearing”? From where? From whom?
We saw earlier in the semester that Jayden Smith shared a picture of the Amazon rainforest on fire. What about this picture of the Amazon shared by Leonardo DiCaprio?
This, too, is an old photo, not taken during the recent fires. And the claim that the Amazon produces 20 percent of the world’s oxygen is not true.
Leonardo DiCaprio shared another with his 34 million followers that showed a verdant thicket of trees engulfed in smoke. The singer Ricky Martin and President Emmanuel Macron of France also shared that image, but none identified its source.
That image appears in a stock photo catalog, which credits it to the photographer Loren McIntyre, an explorer and photojournalist who died in 2003.
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/23/world/americas/amazon-rainforest-fire-photos.html?auth=login-email&login=email
Is this a thing?
https://heartwhispers.weebly.com/cancer.html
Let’s read laterally—check the claims about baking soda against credible reporting on the subject.
In 2011 the Medical Board of California began an undercover investigation after concerns were raised by a woman treated there.
Investigators were able to establish the prognosis of 15 cancer patients treated at the ranch - none of them outlived it.
One patient, Genia Vanderhaeghen, died from congestive heart failure - fluid around the heart - while being treated. Young told us he was "out of town" at the time.
According to an invoice we obtained, she had been given 33 intravenous sodium bicarbonate drips, each charged at $550 (£448), over 31 days. Some were administered by Young himself.
Last year Young was convicted of two charges of practising medicine without a license, and now faces up to three years in prison.
In court it was revealed that he is not a medical doctor and bought his PhD from a diploma mill.
https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-38650739
We’ve encountered the Young Turks before in our lesson on news vs. opinion. This outlet covers the news from a particular perspective, and that perspective is evident in this tweet. They were glad to see Ted Cruz humiliated, even in his electoral victory. It’s clear that Ted Cruz (and other Republicans) won’t get a fair shake with the Young Turks.
So now that you have the tools and techniques to help separate reliable information from rumor, real news from fake news, it’s time for you to put it to use. And it’s not enough to be a savvy news consumer – you need to apply your critical thinking skills to another role as well – the role of news producer.