New Digital Technologies and Museums in South Africa: Challenges & Opportunities

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This document discusses the challenges and opportunities of new digital technologies for museums in South Africa. It covers two main topics: interoperability and access. For interoperability, open source software like Omeka allows collections to be shared more widely and collaboratively. For access, mobile access is growing in South Africa, and digital platforms allow wider audiences and engagement. However, the legacy of exclusion in South African museums must be addressed. Initiatives like Ulwazi aim to increase representation and participation to make museums more socially inclusive. Going forward, digital strategies should consider multiple perspectives on the past and work to address imbalances from the past.

Technology

New Digital Technologies and
Museums in South Africa:
Challenges & Opportunities
!
Grant McNulty

Digital Technologies - Global Context"
Interoperability"
Access"
Digital technologies - South Africa"
Legacy of the past "
Going Forward
Outline

I) Interoperability
Interoperability - ability of diverse systems and
organisations to work together (inter - operate)"
Beneﬁts:
Wide network of collective knowledge"
Convey ideas about curatorial and
conservational practices"
Share digitised materials, content for
exhibitions"
Location and identiﬁcation of materials for
research

Open Source Software:
An Enabler of Interoperability
A community of developers"
Ability to switch service providers if
you are not satisﬁed "
Ability to customise the code and
functionality "
Free software – no recurring licence
fees!

Accommodates documents, audio, text, & video"
Advanced searching capabilities"
Dublin Core metadata"
Online exhibitions "
User - friendly Interface"
Smithsonian, New York Public Library, CCRRI
Open Source Software
Example: Omeka

!
Access - to gain access to; make accessible or available"
Beneﬁts
Wider audiences"
Improved public proﬁle:"
Search Engine Optimisation"
New Platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Tumblr,
Flickr Commons, Google Cultural Institute)"
Stimulates engagement with collections / pre-visit
engagement
II) Access

!
Mobile phone usage in Africa,
upwards of 70%"
98% penetration in South Africa"
Mobile browsers & 3G"
39% of urban / 27% of rural South
Africans"
Smartphone Penetration: 80% by
2014"
Mobile Access

!
How might digital technologies
contribute to addressing past
imbalances and including previously
excluded histories?

How might these technologies
facilitate a more inclusive and
democratised mode of recording and
sharing our past?
The South African Context

!
Legacy of categorisation, ordering
knowledge and exclusionary racial bias

Cannot just digitise: will digitised
collections be signiﬁcant to vast
majority who were excluded from, and
by, museums?"
Public Perceptions:"
“where they keep old stuffed animals”

“a place for dried giraffes”

Addressing a Legacy

!
Strategies for addressing social
disenfranchisement and cultural
inequality "
More representative and
comprehensive heritage "
More inclusive society"
New roles for museums as agents of
social inclusion
New Roles for Museums

Representation - the extent to which an
individual’s cultural heritage is represented
within the mainstream cultural arena;"
Participation - the opportunities an
individual has to participate in the process
of cultural production; and"
Access - the opportunities to enjoy and
appreciate cultural services
Social Inclusion

The Ulwazi Programme increases access
to the municipality’s cultural resources"
Allows people to represent themselves
in the mainstream cultural arena"
By providing opportunities for individuals
to participate in the process of cultural
production
Ulwazi & Social Inclusion

Does not mean giving up all authority as a
museologist or curator"
Does not mean letting the general public
dictate what appears on a museum website"
Does mean creating a space for public to
access & discuss museum collections"
Does mean creating a space for dialogue &
multiple perspectives
What does this mean?

The past is not complete"
The past is not neutral"
We produce the past
Three Grounding
Thoughts

A critical understanding of the history and
transformation of museums in South Africa"
An appreciation of how we mediate the past,
museum artefacts and collections"
How we might be hospitable to others’
perspectives"
How we might work together to address some of
the legacy of our collective past
Going Forward: Digital Strategy

More Information
CCRRI - http://ccrri.ukzn.ac.za

Ulwazi Programme - www.ulwazi.org

McNulty Consulting - www.mcnulty.co.za

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New Digital Technologies and Museums in South Africa: Challenges & Opportunities

1. New Digital Technologies and Museums in South Africa: Challenges & Opportunities ! Grant McNulty

2. Digital Technologies - Global Context" Interoperability" Access" Digital technologies - South Africa" Legacy of the past " Going Forward Outline

3. I) Interoperability Interoperability - ability of diverse systems and organisations to work together (inter - operate)" Beneﬁts: Wide network of collective knowledge" Convey ideas about curatorial and conservational practices" Share digitised materials, content for exhibitions" Location and identiﬁcation of materials for research

4. Open Source Software: An Enabler of Interoperability A community of developers" Ability to switch service providers if you are not satisﬁed " Ability to customise the code and functionality " Free software – no recurring licence fees!

5. Accommodates documents, audio, text, & video" Advanced searching capabilities" Dublin Core metadata" Online exhibitions " User - friendly Interface" Smithsonian, New York Public Library, CCRRI Open Source Software Example: Omeka

6. CCRRI

7. CCRRI

8. ! Access - to gain access to; make accessible or available" Beneﬁts Wider audiences" Improved public proﬁle:" Search Engine Optimisation" New Platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Tumblr, Flickr Commons, Google Cultural Institute)" Stimulates engagement with collections / pre-visit engagement II) Access

9. ! Mobile phone usage in Africa, upwards of 70%" 98% penetration in South Africa" Mobile browsers & 3G" 39% of urban / 27% of rural South Africans" Smartphone Penetration: 80% by 2014" Mobile Access

10. ! How might digital technologies contribute to addressing past imbalances and including previously excluded histories? How might these technologies facilitate a more inclusive and democratised mode of recording and sharing our past? The South African Context

11. ! Legacy of categorisation, ordering knowledge and exclusionary racial bias Cannot just digitise: will digitised collections be signiﬁcant to vast majority who were excluded from, and by, museums?" Public Perceptions:" “where they keep old stuffed animals” “a place for dried giraffes” Addressing a Legacy

12. ! Strategies for addressing social disenfranchisement and cultural inequality " More representative and comprehensive heritage " More inclusive society" New roles for museums as agents of social inclusion New Roles for Museums

13. Representation - the extent to which an individual’s cultural heritage is represented within the mainstream cultural arena;" Participation - the opportunities an individual has to participate in the process of cultural production; and" Access - the opportunities to enjoy and appreciate cultural services Social Inclusion

14. The Ulwazi Programme

15.

16.

17. The Ulwazi Programme increases access to the municipality’s cultural resources" Allows people to represent themselves in the mainstream cultural arena" By providing opportunities for individuals to participate in the process of cultural production Ulwazi & Social Inclusion

18. Does not mean giving up all authority as a museologist or curator" Does not mean letting the general public dictate what appears on a museum website" Does mean creating a space for public to access & discuss museum collections" Does mean creating a space for dialogue & multiple perspectives What does this mean?

19. The past is not complete" The past is not neutral" We produce the past Three Grounding Thoughts

20. A critical understanding of the history and transformation of museums in South Africa" An appreciation of how we mediate the past, museum artefacts and collections" How we might be hospitable to others’ perspectives" How we might work together to address some of the legacy of our collective past Going Forward: Digital Strategy

21. More Information CCRRI - http://ccrri.ukzn.ac.za Ulwazi Programme - www.ulwazi.org McNulty Consulting - www.mcnulty.co.za

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