Telecommunications and the Internet rely on various communication channels to transmit digital signals between computers and networks. Common channels include twisted pair wiring, coaxial cable, fiber optics, microwave transmission, and wireless technologies. These channels can transmit data at speeds ranging from 56 kbps using modems over traditional phone lines to over 100 Mbps using newer wireless technologies or fiber optic lines. Larger networks connect to each other using high-bandwidth optical carriers that can transmit data at speeds of gigabits per second or faster.
What is VoIP? 4. What is VoIP? VoIP = “Voice over Internet Protocol”. Basically, VoIP means Voice transmitted over a Digital Network”. Also called IP Telephony.
What is VoIP? 4. What is VoIP? VoIP = “Voice over Internet Protocol”. Basically, VoIP means Voice transmitted over a Digital Network”. Also called IP Telephony.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
5. Twisted Pair
• Low cost
• easy to work with
• installed infrastructure
• crosstalk
• 300bps to 100Mbps
• “This modem is 56Kbps capable. However, current
regulations limit download speeds to 53Kbps,” the fine
print from a typical modem advertisement.
6. DSL
• Uses existing twisted pair
• 256Kbps to 40Mbps
• Loop length max about 18,000 ft.
• More correctly ADSL (Asymmetric Digital
Subscriber Line) with download speeds
different from upload speeds.
7. Coaxial Cable
• More expensive
• harder to work with
• not as extensive an existing infrastructure
– cable TV companies are changing this
• 56Kbps to 550Mbps
8. Fiber Optics
• Very expensive
• difficult to work with
• existing infrastructure limit to backbones
• 500Kbps to 30Gbps
9. Microwave
• Not as expensive as land lines
• Limited to line of site, (towers)
– reasonable infrastructure
• Satellite bounce, increases expense
– geo-synchronous (22,000 miles)
– low earth orbit (cheaper, lower power)
• 256Kbps to 100Mbps
10. Newer Wireless
– Cellular
– mobile data networks
– personal communications services (PCS)
– note: pagers & PDAs are not channels, they
would be nodes on one end of a channel
11. Transmission Speed
• BPS, bits-per-second, the amount of
information that can be transmitted through
a channel
• BAUD - a binary event, a signal change
from positive to negative or vice versa.
12. Speed II
• At higher speeds a single signal change can
transmit more than one bit at a time, so the
bit rate will generally be higher that the
baud rate.
• Transmission capacity is a function of the
frequency, higher frequency means higher
capacity
13. More Speed
• Bandwidth = range of frequencies that a
channel can support (difference between
highest and lowest frequency).
• Greater range means greater bandwidth.
• Greater bandwidth means greater
transmission capacity.
14. Faster Yet
• Bandwidth is like pipe diameter.
• Larger diameter pipes can transmit more
water in a given period of time.
• Personal Communication Services, PCSs,
have a greater bandwidth than fiber optics.
17. Networks
• Local Area Network, LAN
• Wide Area Network, WAN
• Value Added Network, VAN
18. Network Terms
• File server
• Print server
• Gateway - connects dissimilar networks
• Bridge - connects similar networks
• Routers - connects networks & directs traffic
• Similar networks = same network protocols
19. 20
Chapter 8
Transmission on LANs
• Token Ring
– can talk only when you have the token
– cost more than Ethernet
– better for high volume traffic
• Ethernet
– talk whenever you want
– send again if collision
– works best with low volume traffic
20. Transmission on WANs & VANs
• Packet Switching
– message broken into packets
– packets may take various routes
– message reassembled at destination
– allows load balancing on channels
• Frame Relay
– like packet switching, no error correction
21. The Internet
• What is the Internet?
• Who owns the Internet?
• Why does the Internet exist?
22. Evolution of the Internet
• 1970 ARPANET - 15 nodes
• 1972 first email
• 1982 TCP/IP becomes internet standard
– Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
• 1984 ARPANET - 1,000 nodes
• 1986 NSF-Net backbone on ARPANET
• 1987 ARPANET - 10,000 nodes
23. Evolution of the Internet
• 1988 - businesses begin to connect to
system for research purposes
• 1989 ARPANET - 100,000 nodes
• 1989 link email between CompuServe and
ARPANET
• 1990 ARPANET becomes the Internet
24. Public Networks
CompuServe
• 1969 started in Cleveland with single
computer
• 1979 provided first email
• 1980 started national service
• Mid-1980s largest online service
• 1995 3 Million users
• 1997 purchased by AOL
25. Public Networks
Prodigy
• 1986 pilot in Atlanta, Hartford, San
Francisco
• 1988 national service launched
• 1994 1st to offer WWW access
• 1999 Prodigy Classic discontinued (209,000
members)
26. Public Networks
AOL
• 1991 AOL for DOS
• 1993 AOL for Windows
• 1997 bought CompuServe
• 1999 10 Million users
• Estimated to have distributed over 1 Billion
discs of over 1,000 different disk/CD styles
28. The Keys to Internet Growth
• 1991 WAIS and Gopher provide Internet
search and navigation
• 1992 WWW hyperlink software released
• 1992 NSF relaxes its restriction on
commercial Internet traffic
• 1992+ explosive growth in usage
30. World Wide Web
• Set of standards for storing, retrieving,
formatting, and displaying information
using a client/server architecture
• Hypertext markup Language (HTML)
• browser
• search engines
31. Putting It All Together
AT&T Level 3
Centurylink
I29 Cable One
Consumer Consumer Consumer
32. Some Upper Tier Providers
• AT&T
• Bell Atlantic
• Bell South
• Cable and Wireless
• Cable One
• GTE
• IBM
• MCI
• Pacific Bell
• QUEST
• Sprint
• US West
33. Tier 1 Networks
• The largest backbones on the Internet:
• Centurylink, Telecom Italia, Verizon, Sprint,
TeliaSonera International, NTT Communications,
Deutsche Telekom, Level 3, AT&T
• These top branded backbones only trade peering
traffic among themselves.
34. Common Bandwidths
• 56K modem 0.056 Mbps
• ADSL 40 Mbps
• Cable Modem 50 Mbps
• T1 1.5 Mbps
• Ethernet 10 to 1,000 Mbps
• T3 44.7 Mbps
• See http://bandwidthplace.com/
36. Organization Benefits of Internet
• Reducing Communication Costs
– virtual private net
• Enhancing Communication and Coordination
• Accelerating the Distribution of Knowledge
• Facilitating Electronic Commerce
37. Intranets
• An internal network based on World Wide
Web technology
• Firewall
– security software to prevent unauthorized
access to an intranet
• Firebreak
– a physical break between the Internet and
Intranet
39. IP Addresses
• An identifier for a computer or device on a
TCP/IP network. Networks using the
TCP/IP protocol route messages based on
the IP address of the destination. The format
of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address
written as four numbers separated by
periods. Each number can be zero to 255.
For example, 1.160.10.240 could be an IP
address.
40. IP Address Classes
• Class A - 168.212.226.204
• supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks
• Class B - 168.212.226.204
• supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks
– NDUS has two Class B addresses
• 134.129.xxx.xxx Eastern ND
• 134.234.xxx.xxx Western ND
• Class C - 168.212.226.204
• supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks
41. IPv4 vs. IPv6
• IPv4
– 32 bits used for address
– 4,294,967,296
– Addresses not assigned by geographic region (see map)
• IPv6
– 128 bits used for address
– 340,282,366,920,938,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
– That about 3.7x10^21 addresses per square inch of the earth’s surface
– Addresses will be assigned by geographic region
42. IPv4 vs. IPv6
• IPv4 addresses written as four octets (8 bits)
separated by periods.
– 134.129.67.235
• IPv6 address written as eight 4-digit (16-bit)
hexadecimal numbers separated by colons.
– 1080:0:0:0:0:800:0:417A
43. Uniform Resource Locator
• http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/ndsu/latimer/index.html#events
• http:// communication protocol
• www.ndsu.nodak.edu web server hosting the page
• /ndsu/latimer/ path to the page on the host server
• index.html filename of the page
• #events anchor in the page
44. IP & Domain Name Examples
• IP: 134.129.67.85
• URL: gdc.busad.ndsu.nodak.edu
• IP: 134.129.67.235
• URL: dyn235.minard-67.ndsu.nodak.edu
45. ICANN
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
• a private sector, nonprofit organization
• responsibility for IP address space allocation, protocol
parameter assignment, domain name system management
and root server system management functions previously
performed under U.S. Government contract
• ICANN's diverse board consists of nineteen Directors, nine
At-Large Directors, who serve one-year terms and will be
succeeded by At-Large Directors elected by an at-large
membership organization. None of the present interim
directors may sit on the board once the permanent members
are selected.
46. IP Address Registries
• Regional Internet Registries:
• American Registry for Internet Numbers, ARIN
• Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination
Centre, RIPE NCC
• Asia Pacific Network Information Centre, APNIC
• Latin American and Caribbean Internet Addresses
Registry, LACNIC
48. New Top-Level Domain Names
(TLDs)
• ICANN is accepting applications for new TLDs.
– Application window Jan. 12, 2012 to Apr. 12, 2012
– Application fee: $185,000
– Annual fee: $25,000
• Intent is to move towards more descriptive names
• Companies (organizations) can create
– Brand domains e.g. .pepsi .coke
– Generic domains e.g. .car .green
• http://mashable.com/2011/06/20/icann-top-level-domains/