The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. It describes neurons, nerve cells and types of nerves. It also discusses the brain anatomy, cerebrospinal fluid, meninges and ventricles. Various neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, prion diseases, ALS, Huntington's and Parkinson's are explained along with their causes, symptoms and treatments. Diagnostic techniques for nervous system and management of various neurological disorders is also summarized.

1. PRESENTED BY-
CHARU PUNDIR
(09270300011)
B.PHARM
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,
S.B.S.P.G.I, BALAWALA DEHRADUN

2.  NEURONS
 CELL BODIES
 AXONS AND DENDRITES
 NERVE IMPULSE
 TYPES OF NERVES- SENSORY , MOTOR AND
MIXED
 SYNAPSE
 NEUROTRANSMITTERS
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3.  BRAIN CELLS- ASTROCYTES,
OLIGODENDROCYTES, MICROGLIA AND
EPENDYMAL CELLS.
 MENINGES- DURA MATER, PIA MATER AND
ARACHNOID MATER.
 VENRICLES OF BRAIN- RIGHT AND LEFT
VENRICLE, THIRD VENTRICLE AND FOURTH
VENTRICLE.
 CSF- WATER, MINERAL SALTS, GLUCOSE,
PLASMA PROEINS, CREATININE,
 UREA AND A FEW LEUCOCYTES.
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4.  CEREBRUM- LOBES (FRONTAL, PARIETAL,
TEMPORAL AND OCCIPITAL), BASAL GANGLIA,
THALAMUS, HYPOTHALAMUS.
 MIDBRAIN
 PONS
 MEDULLA OBLONGATA THE BRAIN STEM
 CEREBELLUM
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5.  SPINAL NERVES- CERVICAL, THORACIC,
LUMBAR, SACRAL AND COCCYGEAL
 GREY MATER
 WHITE MATER
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6.  31 PAIRS OF SPINAL NERVES
 12 PAIRS OF CRANIAL NERVES
 THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
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7.  SYMPATHETIC
 PARASYMPATHETIC
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8.  VERTICULOGRAPHY
 CAT SCAN
 MRI
 PNEUMOENCEPHALOGRAPHY
 CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY
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9.  ALZHEIMER
 PRION
 ALS
 HUNTINGTON
 PARKINSON
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10.  OXIDATIVE STRESS
 EXCITOTOXICITY
 PROTEIN MISFOLDING
 INFECTIOUS ORGANISM
 GENETICS
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11.  PRESENILE
DEMENTIA
 ARISES SHARPLY
WITH AGE
 LOSS OF NEURONS
 SHORT TERM
MEMORY LOSS
COGNITIVE
DEFICITS
 DEPOSITION OF BETA
AMYLOID PLAQUES
 NEUROFIBRILLARY
TANGLES- TAU
PHOSPHORYLATION
 SECRETASES CAUSES
APP CLEAVAGE INTO
AB40 AND AB42
CAUSING AMYLOID
FORMATION
 DECREASE ACH LEVELS
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12.  CHOLINERGICS
 ANTIOXIDANTS
 NSAIDS
 STATINS
 HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
 DIET MODIFICATION
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13.  LADOSTIGIL
 DIMEBOLIN
 GINKO BILOBA
 SIMVASTATIN
 VALPROATE
 DHA
 TACRINE
 RIVASTIGMINE
 DONEPAZIL
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14.  INHERITED
AUTOSOMAL
DOMINANT
DISORDER
 JERKLIKE
MOVEMENTS
 PARANOIA
 DELUSIONAL STATES
 IMPAIRMENT OF
RAPID EYE
MOVEMENT
 TREATMENT-
FLUOXETINE,
CARBAMAZEPINE,
CLOZAPINE,
QUETIAPINE,
RESERPINE,
VALPROIC ACID
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15.  SPONGIFORM
ENCEPHALOPATHY
 PROPAGATE
THROUGH
INFECTIOUS AGENT
 FORMATION OF
PRION RODS,
ALPHA SY NUCLEIN
FIBRILLS, PRP
AMYLOID PAQUES,
AND LEWY BODY
 TREATMENT-
QUINACRINE,
CHLORPROMAZINE
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16.  DISTURBENCE IN
MOTOR NEURON OF
VENTRAL HORN OF
SPINAL CORD AND
CORTICAL NEURON
 SPASTICITY
 MUSCLE WEAKNESS
 FASCICULATIONS
 RESPIRATORY
COMPROMISE
 TREATMENT-
RILUZOLE,
BACLOFEN,
 TIZANIDINE,
CLONAZEPAM
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17.  CHARACTERISED BY
MOVEMENT
DISORDERS
 TREMOR AT REST
 MUSCLE RIGIDITY
 SUPRESSION OF
VOLUNTARY
MOVEMENTS
 SHUFFLING GAIT,
HYPOKINESIS
 ENVIRONMENTAL
TREGERS
 PROTEIN MISFOLDING
AND AGGREGATION
 EXCITOTOXICITY
 OXIDATIVE STRESS
 APOPTOSIS
 DEGENERATIVE LESION
IN SN-PC AND
DECREASED
DOPAMINERGIC INPUT
 IMBALANCE BTW DA
AND ACH
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18.  MEDICATION- COMT INHIBITORS, MAO
INHIBITORS, DOPAMINERGICS,
ANTICHOLINERGICS
 ADJUNCT THERAPIES- PHYSIOTHERAPY,
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY, SPEECH AND
LANGUAGE THERAPY
 SURGICAL TREAMENTS
 AYURVEDIC APPROACH
 DIET
 CELL THERAPY
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19.  ENTACAPONE
 TOLCAPONE
 LEVODOPA- CARBIDOPA
 ATMAGUPTA- HERB
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