Neptune is the 8th and farthest planet from the Sun. It is smaller than Uranus but more massive. Neptune was discovered in 1846 based on calculations by Urbain Le Verrier and independent predictions by John Couch Adams. Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have visited Neptune, discovering its rings and six of its 14 known moons during a 1989 flyby.
A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE PLANET JUPITER INCLUDING ITS COMPONENTS
A REPORT CREATED BY STUDENTS OF SAINT CATHERINE'S SCHOOL
BAMBANG, NUEVA VIZCAYA
CREDITS TO THE OWNERS OF THE REPORT:
Jan Phillip Gamponia
Jolina Mae Valdez
Lady Erika Fernandez
Ronnrick Manuel
Roxanne Hangdaan
A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE PLANET JUPITER INCLUDING ITS COMPONENTS
A REPORT CREATED BY STUDENTS OF SAINT CATHERINE'S SCHOOL
BAMBANG, NUEVA VIZCAYA
CREDITS TO THE OWNERS OF THE REPORT:
Jan Phillip Gamponia
Jolina Mae Valdez
Lady Erika Fernandez
Ronnrick Manuel
Roxanne Hangdaan
A powerpoint presentation I made for our physics class. It was actually a group thing but I had to edit and start all over again but this looks not that good for me because this is a result of "cramming"! If you were part of my physics class, I swear, God bless!
Pluto has captured people’s imagination for nearly a century.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
Mendeley Report: New Horizons: From Research Paper to PlutoElsevier
This report, released on the eve of the New Horizons Pluto flyby, examine the role of academic publishing in deep-space exploration. Read more about the report and Mendeley's events with NASA on Elsevier Connect: http://elsevier.com/connect/follow-pluto-flyby-with-Mendeley-at-NASA
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
3. is the 8th planet from the
Sun and the fourth largest (by
diameter).
is smaller in diameter but
larger in mass than Uranus.
NEPTUNE
4. orbit: 4,504,000,000 km (30.06 AU)
from Sun
diameter: 49,532 km (equatorial)
mass: 1.0247e26 kg
PLANET PROFILE
5. History of Neptune
In Roman mythology,
NEPTUNE - the god of the sea among the Romans. He was not
a very powerful god, and little is known of his origin. When he
was first introduced in Rome, he already had all the
characteristics of the Greek Poseidon. Despite the fact that his
cult grew after his equation with Poseidon, Neptune was far
less popular among sailors than Poseidon was among the
Greek mariners.
Neptune was held in much higher regard as Neptune Equester,
the god and patron of horse-racing and horses. One of temples
was located near the Circus Flaminius, one of the larger trace-
tracks. Another sanctuary was in the Campus Martius (25 BCE)
were the Neptunalia was celebrated on July 23. The trident is
Neptune's attribute.
6. Poseidon from Milos, 2nd century BC (National
Archaeological Museum of Athens)
Abode Mount Olympus, or the Sea
Symbol Trident, fish, dolphin, horse
and bull
Consort Amphitrite
Parents Cronus and Rhea
Siblings Hades, Demeter, Hestia,He
ra, Zeus
Children Theseus,Triton,Polyphemu
s, Belus,Agenor, Neleus,Atl
as
Roman equivalent Neptune
7. Neptune was held in much higher regard as
Neptune Equester, the god and patron of horse-
racing and horses. One of temples was located
near the Circus Flaminius, one of the larger trace-
tracks. Another sanctuary was in the Campus
Martius (25 BCE) were the Neptunalia was
celebrated on July 23. The trident is Neptune's
attribute.
8. RESEARCHERS:
Galle, Johann Gottfried 1812-1910
German astronomer who, with Heinrich Louis d'Arrest, made
the first observation of Neptune based on calculations by Le Verrier.
Though Galle was the first to observe Neptune, its discovery is usually
credited to Adams (who made an earlier calculation) and LeVerrier.
d'Arrest, Heinrich Louis
Danish astronomer who assisted Galle with the first
observations of Neptune. After receiving its predicted position
from Le Verrier, Galle and d'Arrest began searching. With Galle at the
eyepiece and d'Arrest reading the chart, they scanned the sky and
checked that each star seen was actually on the chart. Just a few
minutes after their search began, d'Arrest cried out, "That star is not
on the map!" and earned his place in the history books
9. RESEARCHERS:
Adams, John Couch 1819-1892
English astronomer and mathematician who, at the age of 24, was
the first person to predict the position of a planetary mass beyond Uranus.
But, unfortunately, Adams did not publish his prediction.Galle confirmed the
existence of Neptune based on independent calculations done by LeVerrier.
LeVerrier, Urbain Jean Joseph 1811-1877
French mathematician whose prediction of the position of an
undiscovered planet (Neptune) that caused perturbations in the orbit
of Uranus was the first to be confirmed (by Galle) though Adams had made a
similar but unpublished prediction some months earlier.
10. Galileo Galilei 1564-1642
Italian astronomer and physicist. The first to use a
telescope to study the stars. Discoverer of the first moons
of an extraterrestrial body (see above). Galileo was an
outspoken supporter of Copernicus'sheliocentric theory.
In reaction to Galileo, the Church declared it heresy to
teach that the Earth MOVED and silenced him.
RESEARCHERS:
11. Neptune's elliptical, oval-shaped orbit keeps the planet an
average distance from the sun of almost 2.8 billion miles
(4.5 billion kilometers), or roughly 30 times as far away as
Earth, making it invisible to the naked eye. Neptune goes
around the sun once roughly every 165 Earth years,
and completed its first orbit, since being discovered, in
2011.
Every 248 years, Pluto moves inside Neptune's orbit for 20
years or so, during which time it is closer to the sun than
Neptune. Nevertheless, Neptune remains the farthest
planet from the sun, since Pluto was reclassified as a
dwarf planet in 2006.
Orbital characteristics
12. Atmospheric composition (by volume): hydrogen, 80 percent;
helium, 19.0 percent; methane, 1.5 percent
Magnetic field: Roughly 27 times more powerful than Earth's
Composition:The overall composition of Neptune is, by mass,
thought to be about 25 percent rock, 60 to 70 percent ice, and 5
to 15 percent hydrogen and helium, according toTristan Guillot,
author of "Interiors of Giant Planets Inside and Outside the Solar
System" in the journal Science.
Internal structure: Mantle of water, ammonia and methane ices;
Core of iron and magnesium-silicate
Composition & structure
13. Average distance from the sun: 2,795,084,800
miles (4,498,252,900 km). By comparison: 30.069
times farther than Earth
Perihelion (closest approach to the sun):
2,771,087,000 miles (4,459,630,000 km). By
comparison: 29.820 times that of Earth
Aphelion (farthest distance from the sun):
2,819,080,000 miles (4,536,870,000 km). By
comparison: 30.326 times that of Earth
Orbit & rotation
14. Neptune has 14 known moons, named after
lesser sea gods and nymphs from Greek
mythology. The largest by far is Triton, whose
discovery on Oct. 10, 1846, was in a sense
enabled by beer — amateur astronomer William
Lassell used the fortune he made as a brewer to
finance his telescopes.
Neptune's moons
15. Triton is the only spherical moon of Neptune — the
planet's other 13 moons are irregularly shaped. It is also
unique in being the only large moon in the solar system to
circle its planet in a direction opposite to its planet's
rotation — this "retrograde orbit" suggests that Triton may
once have been a dwarf planet that Neptune captured
rather than forming in place, according to NASA.
Neptune's gravity is dragging Triton closer to the planet,
meaning that millions of years from now, Triton will come
close enough for gravitational forces to rip it apart.
16. Triton is extremely cold, with temperatures
on its surface reaching about minus 391
degrees F (minus 235 degrees C), making it
one of the coldest places in the solar system.
Nevertheless, Voyager 2 detected geysers
spewing icy matter upward more than 5 miles
(8 km), showing its interior appears warm.
Scientists are investigating the possibility of
a subsurface ocean on the icy moon. In
2010, seasons were discovered onTriton.
17. In 2013, scientists working with SETI caught sight of Neptune's "lost"
moon of Naiad using data from the Hubble Space Telescope. The 62-
mile-wide (100 km) moon has remained unseen since Voyager 2
discovered it in 1989.
Also in 2013, scientists using the Hubble Space Telescope found the
14th moon, dubbed S/2004 N 1. It is Neptune's smallest moon and is
just 11 miles (18 km) wide. It got its temporary name because it is the
first satellite (S) of Neptune (N) to be found from images taken in
2004, according to NASA.
The rings of Neptune
Neptune's unusual rings are not uniform, but possess bright thick
clumps of dust called arcs. The rings are thought to be relatively
young and short-lived. Earth-based observations announced in 2005
found that Neptune's rings are apparently far more unstable than
previously thought, with some dwindling away rapidly, according to
an article in the journal Icarus.
18. NASA's Voyager 2 satellite was the first and as yet only
spacecraft to visit Neptune on Aug. 25, 1989. The satellite
discovered Neptune's rings and six of the planet's moons —
Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Naiad, Proteus and Thalassa. An
international team of astronomers relying on ground
telescopes announced the discovery of five new moons
orbiting Neptune in 2003.
Research & exploration
19. Neptune is generally thought to have
formed with the initial buildup of a solid core
followed by the capture of surrounding hydrogen
and helium gas in the nebula surrounding the
early sun. In this model, proto-Neptune formed
over the course of 1 to 10 million years.
Formation of Neptune
