The document summarizes the history and current state of Nepal's telecommunications industry. It traces the industry from the first telephone lines in 1913 through major developments like the establishment of Nepal Telecommunication Corporation in 1975 and the introduction of private players and technologies like GSM, 3G, and 4G in subsequent decades. Currently, penetration rates are over 95% and there are 6 operating telecom companies, with Ncell and NTC having the largest market shares. Issues discussed include spectrum management, rural expansion, and quality of service standards. The road ahead is seen to include further increased penetration, new services, rural growth, and technology advances like LTE.