2. INDEX
Sl no content Page no
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Introduction
Hospitals
Meaning of hospitals
Role and
responsibility of
hospitals
Role of hospital in
new economic
model
Hospital facility
Infrastructure
Conclusion
Reference
1-3
4
5
6
6
7-9
10-12
13
14
3. INTRODUCTION
A resource is a source or supply from which
benefit is produced. Typically resources are materials, energy, services,
staff, knowledge, or other assets that are transformed to produce benefit
and in the process may be consumed or made unavailable. Benefits of
resource utilization may include increased wealth, meeting needs or
wants, proper functioning of a system, or enhanced well being. From a
human perspective a natural resource is anything obtained from the
environment to satisfy human needs and wants. From a broader
biological or ecological perspective a resource satisfies the needs of a
living organism.
The concept of resources has been applied in
diverse realms, including with respect to economics, biology and
ecology , computer science, management and human resources and is
linked to the concepts of competition, sustainability , conservation and
stewardship. In application within human society, commercial or non-
4. commercial factors require resource allocation through resource
management.
Natural resources occur naturally within
environments that exist relatively undisturbed by humanity, in a natural
form. A natural resource is often characterized by amounts of
biodiversity and geodiversity existent in various ecosystems. Natural
resources are derived from the environment. Some of them are essential
for our survival while most are used for satisfying our needs. Natural
resources may be further classified in different ways.
Man-made resources are items or substances that have
value to human lives that do not occur in the natural world. Examples of
man-made resources include plastic, paper, soda, sheet metal, rubber and
brass. Some man-made resources are nearly essential to modern human
life, such as medicines. Without medicines, vaccines and similar man-
made chemicals, many people would become sick and die. Others are
not essential, and only exist because people want them. For example,
5. many pesticides are man-made resources, and while not essential, their
use enhances the lives of many people.
Some man-made resources reflect their natural
counterparts. For example, many lakes and rivers are man-made
structures. While the water and fish inside them are natural resources,
the impoundment would not exist without humans to construct it. Such
resources offer food and recreation opportunities for many people.
Humans also create farms, which are man-made resources, even though
the plants and soil are natural resources.
Simple man-made resources, such as paper, are
often combined to form more man-made resources, such as books, plates
or wallpaper. High-tech products typically feature dozens or more
components that are man-made resources, such as wire and
semiconductors.
6. HOSPITALS
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with
specialized staff and equipment. Hospitals are usually funded by the
public sectorby health organisations health insurance companies, or
charities. Including direct charitable donations. Historically, hospitals
were often founded and funded by religious order or charitable
individuals and leaders. Today, hospitals are largely staffed by
professional physicians surgeons and nurses. Whereas in the past, this
work was usually performed by the founding religious orders or by
volunteers . However, there are various Catholic religious orders, such
as the Alexians and the Bon secours sisters, which still focus on hospital
ministry today, as well as several Christian denominations, including
hospitals.
7. MEANING OF HOSPITAL
During the middle Ages hospitals served different
functions to modern institutions, being almshouses for the poor, hostels for
pilgrims, or hospital. The word hospital comes from the Latin hospes , signifying
a stranger or foreigner, hence a guest. Another noun derived from this, hospitium
came to signify hospitality that is the relation between guest and shelterer,
hospitality, friendliness, hospitable reception. By metonymy the Latin word then
came to mean a guest-chamber, guest's lodging, and an inn. Hospes is thus the root
for the English words host (where the p was dropped for convenience of
pronunciation) hospitality, hospice. The latter modern word derives from Latin via
the ancient French romance word hostel, which developed a silent s, which letter
was eventually removed from the word, the loss of which is signified by a
circumflexing the modern French word hotel. The German word 'Spiral' shares
similar roots.
8. ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY OF HOSPITAL
The role and responsibility of the health sector are
vital in under pinning the growth and development of society as a whole.
Health sector should guiding principles.
1. Continuity of values.
2. Transparency of policy.
3. Provision of better services to citizens
Roles of hospital in new economic model
Hospital services as a component of medical care
services in India has shown a definitive up- swing along with economic
growth during last decade .Expenditure in the hospital management is
growing faster than G.D.P leading to serious and distribution problems.
9. Patient’s complaints about having to pay large share of cost and also
increase insurance contribution and taxes.
Hospital facility
A medical facility is, in general, any location
at which medicine is practiced regularly. Medical facilities range from
small clnics and doctor’s offices to urgent care centers and large
hospital with elaborate emergency rooms and trauma centers. The
number and quality of medical facilities in a country or region is one
common measure of that area's prosperity and quality of life. In many
countries, medical facilities are regulated to some extent by law ;
licensing by a regulatory agency is often required before a facility may
open for business.
Hospitals vary widely in the services they offer and
therefore, in the departments (or "wards") they have. Each is usually
headed by a chief physician .They may have acute services such as an
10. emergency department or specialist trauma centre, burn unit , surgery.
These may then be backed up by more specialist units such as:
Emergency department
Cardiology
Intensive care unit
o Pediatric intensive unit
o Neonatal intensive unit
o Cardiovascular intensive care unit
Neurology
Oncology
Some hospitals will have outpatient department and
some will have chronic treatment units such as behavioral health
services, dentistry, dermatology, psychiatric ward, physical therapy.
Common support units include a dispensary or pharmacy, pathology and
radiology or, and on the non-medical side, there often are medical
records departments release, of information departments, Information
11. Management (aka IM, IT or IS), clinical departments (aka Biomed),
Facilities Management, Plant Ops (aka Maintenance), Dining Services,
and Security departments.
12. INFRASTRUCTURE
Essential infrastructure requirements
1 .Space
Adequate space for HIV care integrated within primary care
2 .Privacy and confidentiality
Protect the privacy of the patient’s diagnosis and avoid
stigma
3. TB infection control
Prevent TB transmission between patients and to health
workers ,without stigma
Water
4. Water supply
To provide safe drinking water
5. Latrines/toilet
13. Patients, staff and care givers able to use a toilet without
contaminating the health centre or its water supply
Hand washing
6. Hand washing, other hygiene practices and waste water
To provide sufficient quantities for hand washing,
personal hygiene, laundry, cleaning and food preparation.
7. Cleaning
Visibly clean health centre.
Waste Management
8. Safe waste management at health centre
Sufficient quantities of safe water for hand washing,
personal hygiene, laundry, cleaning and food preparation.
9 .Communication
Phone or radio to communicate with district clinician and
management team, mentor.
10. Fire safety
14. Fire extinguisher or sand.
BATTERY
11 Power
Electricity for essentials (mobile phone, microscopy,
emergency lights).
12 HIV infection control
Prevent HIV transmission through safe infections,
phlebotomy, sharps disposal, gloves and other personal protection
equipment. .
15. CONCLUSION
Hospitals are meant to be places of
healing and safety. Yet threats to patient safety and hospital staff
security from both external and internal sources continue to
overshadow the physician’s oath to “do no harm.” In Schneider
Electric’s view, implementing intelligent, automated facility
systems is a hospital’s best defense against adverse events that
cause life threatening and debilitating injury to patients.
Moreover, hospitals whose facilities are designed to be safer can
gain a competitive advantage. Patients have a choice of where
they get health care or the insurance companies make the choice
in their provider networks. Hospitals that can demonstrate they
have a safer facility will be the obvious choice of both.
16. REFRENCE
. 1. Harrison, Mar, et al. Eds. From Western Medicine to Global
Medicine: The Hospital beyond the West (2008)
2. Schertz , Martin et al. eds. Hospitals and Institutional Care in
Medieval and Early Modern Europe (2009)
3. .Wall, Barbra Mann . American Catholic Hospitals: A Century of
Changing Markets and Missions (Rutgers University Press, 2011).
Checked and Corrected By
RESHMATHULASI T L
Assistant Professor inNatural Science
F.M.T.C, Mylapore, Kollam
