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This document discusses the high cost of textbooks and its negative impact on student access and success. It notes that the average student spends $1,200-1,300 per year on textbooks, and that this cost barrier prevents some qualified students from completing college. Open textbooks are presented as a solution, as they are available for free or at low cost and can be adapted. The document outlines evidence that open textbooks improve access and affordability without compromising quality or learning outcomes. It also addresses barriers to faculty adoption and strategies for increasing awareness and use of open textbooks.
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- 1. Open Textbooks Improving Access,Affordability, and Academic Success David Ernst, PhD University of Minnesota @dernst North Dakota University System– October 6, 2015
- 2. –United Nations UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights “…higher education shall be equally accessible to all…”
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- 4. The cost barrierkept 2.4 million low and moderate-income college-qualified high school graduates from completing college in the previous decade. The Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED529499.pdf
- 5. $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 $8,000 $9,000 1989 1991 19931995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 USHigher Education Funding - $/ FTE StateFunding Tuition Revenuehttp://www.sheeo.org
- 7. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 1960 1965 19701975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Hours@MinimumWage Year Affording Annual Tuition at theUniversity of Minnesota
- 8. The average borrowerowes more than $29,400 in student loans (class of 2012). Institute for College Access and Success http://projectonstudentdebt.org/files/pub/Student_Debt_and_the_Class_of_2012_NR.pdf http://chronicle.com/article/In-Falling-Default-Rates-an/233529 Default Rate = 27%
- 9. $400 $500 $600 $700 $800 $900 $1,000 $1,100 $1,200 $1,300 $1,400 2006 2007 20082009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 $Billions USDebt Consumer Revolving Credit Student Loan Debt Federal Reserve http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g19/Current/
- 10. What can wedo? Tuition and Fees Room and Board Books and Supplies Personal Expenses Transportation
- 11. What can wedo? Tuition and Fees Room and Board Books and Supplies Personal Expenses Transportation
- 12. 0% 100% 200% 300% 400% 500% 600% 700% 1980 1982 19841986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 %Increase Increasein Textbook Prices Textbooks CPI Bureau of Labor Statistics http://www.bls.gov/cpi/
- 14. The average studentcan expect to pay $1,225 - $1,328 on textbooks and course materials in 2014-15. http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/average-estimated-undergraduate-budgets-2014-15
- 15. North Dakota UniversitySystem Bismarck State College = $1,000 Dakota College at Bottineau = $1,225 Dickinson State University = $1,200 Lake Region State College = $1,000 Mayville State University = $1,000 Minot State University = $1,000 North Dakota State College of Science = $1,000 North Dakota State University = $1,100 University of North Dakota= $1,000 Valley City State University = $1,200 Williston State College = $1,100
- 16. What do youthink about the cost of textbooks?
- 17. What do youthink about the cost of textbooks? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0d6HTN6llgo
- 18. The Academic Impact •Purchase an older edition of the textbook • Delay purchasing the textbook • Never purchase the textbook • Share the textbook with other students
- 19. –U of MNStudent "I figured French hadn't changed that much.”
- 20. 59% of students reportthat they have had to wait for their financial aid check to purchase textbooks. Unpublished Minnesota State University Student Association survey
- 21. Have you everdelayed purchasing a textbook because of cost?
- 22. Have you everdelayed purchasing a textbook because of cost? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjaTJC8zZJ4
- 23. 7/10 students surveyed hadn’tbought a required textbook due to cost. http://www.slideshare.net/txtbks/open-education-and-solving-the-textbook-cost-crisis
- 24. 63.6% Not purchasethe required textbook 49.2% Take fewer courses 45.1% Not register for a specific course 33.9% Earn a poor grade 26.7% Drop a course 17.0% Fail a course In your academic career, has the cost of required textbooks caused you to:
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- 28. 63.6% Not purchasethe required textbook 49.2% Take fewer courses 45.1% Not register for a specific course 33.9% Earn a poor grade 26.7% Drop a course 17.0% Fail a course In your academic career, has the cost of required textbooks caused you to:
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- 36. Where does thefunding come from? Universities (SUNY, Purdue, Oregon State) Foundations (Hewlett Foundation) Governments (California, British Columbia) Professional Organizations (CALI)
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- 44. With Creative Commonslicenses, you are free to… Copy Mix Share Keep Edit Use
- 54. Introductory, algebra-based, two-semester collegephysics 1272 pages Available in PDF ePub Print Web Bookshare (accessible) Instructor solution manual Powerpoint slides
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- 57. 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000 500,000 1/2012 7/2012 1/20137/2013 1/2014 7/2014 1/2015 7/2015 Visits Open Textbook Library Traffic- To tal Visits open.umn.edu
- 58. 0 0 5 1 9 44 73 72 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1.0- 1.5 1.5 - 2.0 2.0 - 2.5 2.5 - 3.0 3.0 - 3.5 3.5 - 4.0 4.0 - 4.5 4.5 - 5.0 Reviews Ra ngs Open Textbook Reviews
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- 66. Barriers to FacultyAdoption • Faculty don’t know where to find open textbooks
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- 69. Barriers to FacultyAdoption • Faculty don’t know where to find open textbooks • Faculty don’t understand the urgency of student financial stress, and how it can impact students academically • Faculty aren’t aware that open textbooks are an option • Faculty don’t know what open textbooks are • Faculty confuse open textbooks with electronic textbooks
- 73. 63.6% Not purchasethe required textbook 49.2% Take fewer courses 45.1% Not register for a specific course 33.9% Earn a poor grade 26.7% Drop a course 17.0% Fail a course In your academic career, has the cost of required textbooks caused you to:
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- 76. Barriers to FacultyAdoption • Faculty don’t know where to find open textbooks • Faculty don’t understand the urgency of student financial stress, and how it can impact students academically • Faculty aren’t aware that open textbooks are an option • Faculty don’t know what open textbooks are • Faculty confuse open textbooks with electronic textbooks
- 77. Barriers to FacultyAdoption • Faculty don’t know where to find open textbooks • Faculty don’t understand the urgency of student financial stress, and how it can impact students academically • Faculty aren’t aware that open textbooks are an option • Faculty don’t know what open textbooks are • Faculty confuse open textbooks with electronic textbooks • Faculty are skeptical of the quality of open textbooks
- 79. Barriers to FacultyAdoption • Faculty don’t know where to find open textbooks • Faculty don’t understand the urgency of student financial stress, and how it can impact students academically • Faculty aren’t aware that open textbooks are an option • Faculty don’t know what open textbooks are • Faculty confuse open textbooks with electronic textbooks • Faculty are skeptical of the quality of open textbooks
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- 82. At University ofMinnesota In 3+ years, ~15 faculty saved students nearly$500,000.
- 83. Cal Poly SanLuis Obispo Cleveland State University Colorado State University Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University Macalester College Minnesota State College and Universities (34) North Dakota University System (11) The Ohio State University Oregon Community Colleges (17) Oregon State University Purdue University Temple University University of Arizona University of Iowa University of Kansas University of Massachusetts Amherst University of Minnesota University of Northwestern St. Paul University of Oklahoma University of Washington University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee Virginia Tech West Virginia University Open Textbook Network
- 84. Results to Date •257 workshop participants • 160 reviews written • 101 adoptions – 39.3% of participants adopted – 63.1% of reviewers adopted
- 85. The Math 40 studentsx $150 x 2 sections x 2 semesters = $24,000 /yr 10,000 students x $200 = $2,000,000 /yr
- 86. Z-Degree Tidewater Community College- Norfolk, Virginia Fall 2013 Associate of Science degree in Business Administration 21 zero-textbook-cost “Z-courses” = Z-degree
- 87. Z-Degree Drop and withdrawalrates Access to all course materials from the first day of class. C or better grade Cost (25% - $3679)
- 88. Open Textbook Library open.umn.edu OpenTextbook Network z.umn.edu/otnetwork slideshare.net/djernst David Ernst | dernst@umn.edu | @dernst
Editor's Notes
- #16 https://www.ndsu.edu/admission/cost_tuition/cost/ http://www.collegedata.com/cs/data/college/college_pg03_tmpl.jhtml?schoolId=735 http://www.collegedata.com/cs/data/college/college_pg03_tmpl.jhtml?schoolId=873 http://www.collegedata.com/cs/data/college/college_pg03_tmpl.jhtml?schoolId=873 http://www.collegedata.com/cs/data/college/college_pg03_tmpl.jhtml?schoolId=924 http://www.collegedata.com/cs/data/college/college_pg03_tmpl.jhtml?schoolId=1116 http://www.vcsu.edu/businessoffice/vp.htm?p=2806 http://www.bismarckstate.edu/uploads/resources/5351/bsc-tuition-chart-2015-2016.pdf http://www.lrsc.edu/programs/net/npcalc.htm http://www.dakotacollege.edu/admission-and-aid/tuition-and-fees/ https://www.ndscs.edu/paying-for-college/things-to-know-paying-for-college/costs-at-ndscs/ http://www.willistonstate.edu/Future-Students/Financing-Your-Education/Financial-Aid/Policies/Cost-of-Attendance-Financial-Aid-Student-Budget.html
- #51 CC BY NC SA
- #52 CC BY NC
- #54 CC BY
- #56 BY SA
- #60 Across eleven academic studies that attempted to measure results pertaining to student learning (with 48,623 students participated) none showed results in which students who utilized OER performed worse than their peers who used traditional textbooks. Allen, G., Guzman-Alvarez, A., Molinaro, M., Larsen, D. (2015). Assessing the Impact and Efficacy of the Open-Access ChemWiki Textbook Project. Educause Learning Initiative Brief, January 2015. See also this newsletter. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2012). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from Randomized Trials. Ithaka S+R. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2014). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from a Six‐Campus Randomized Trial. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 33(1), 94-111. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint) Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Hilton, J., & Laman, C. (2012). One college’s use of an open psychology textbook. Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 27(3), 201–217. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02680513.2012.716657. (Open Repository Preprint). Lovett, M., Meyer, O., & Thille, C. (2008). The open learning initiative: Measuring the effectiveness of the OLI statistics course in accelerating student learning. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2008 (1). Pawlyshyn, Braddlee, Casper and Miller (2013). Adopting OER: A Case Study of Cross-Institutional Collaboration and Innovation. Educause Review. Robinson, T.J. (2015). Open Textbooks: The Effects of Open Educational Resource Adoption on Measures of Post-secondary Student Success (Doctoral dissertation). Robinson T. J., Fischer, L., Wiley, D. A., & Hilton, J. (2014). The impact of open textbooks on secondary science learning outcomes. Educational Researcher, 43(7): 341-351. Wiley, D., Hilton, J. Ellington, S., and Hall, T. (2012). “A preliminary examination of the cost savings and learning impacts of using open textbooks in middle and high school science classes.” International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 13 (3), pp. 261-276.