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Miami University
This document discusses the rising costs of textbooks and their negative impact on students. It notes that textbook prices have increased 812% since 1978, far outpacing inflation rates, and that high costs often lead students to delay purchasing textbooks or not purchase them at all. Open textbooks, which are freely available online under open licenses, are presented as one way to reduce costs while maintaining quality. Data shows that open textbooks can achieve the same or better learning outcomes compared to traditional textbooks, while saving students thousands of dollars. The document encourages readers to review and adopt open textbooks when possible to increase access and affordability of higher education.
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- 1. Open Textbooks Access, Affordability,and Academic Success David Ernst, PhD University of Minnesota @dernst By David Ernst. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- 2. –United Nations UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights “…higher education shall be equally accessible to all…”
- 3. The cost barrierkept 2.4 million low and moderate-income college-qualified high school graduates from completing college in the previous decade. The Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED529499.pdf
- 4. $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 $8,000 $9,000 $10,000 1990 1992 19941996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 US Higher Education Funding - $/FTE State Funding Tuition Revenue http://www.sheeo.org
- 5. $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 $8,000 $9,000 1990 1992 19941996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Ohio Higher Education Funding - $/FTE State Funding Tuition Revenue http://www.sheeo.org
- 6. 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 1960 1965 19701975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Hours@MinimumWage Hours of Work Required to Afford Tuition (University of Minnesota)
- 7. The average borrowerowes more than $28,950 in student loans (class of 2014). http://ticas.org/posd/map-state-data-2015 Miami University = $27,181
- 8. $400 $500 $600 $700 $800 $900 $1,000 $1,100 $1,200 $1,300 $1,400 2006 2007 20082009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 $Billions US Debt Consumer Revolving Credit Student Loan Debt Federal Reserve http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g19/Current/
- 9. What can wedo? • Tuition and Fees • Room and Board • Books and Supplies • Personal Expenses • Transportation
- 10. What can wedo? • Tuition and Fees • Room and Board • Books and Supplies • Personal Expenses • Transportation
- 11. 0% 100% 200% 300% 400% 500% 600% 700% 1980 1982 19841986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Increase in Textbook Prices Textbooks CPI Bureau of Labor Statistics http://www.bls.gov/cpi/
- 12.
- 13. The average studentshould budget $1,249 - $1,364 for textbooks and course materials in 2015-16. http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/average-estimated-undergraduate-budgets-2015-16 http://miamioh.edu/onestop/your-money/tuition-fees/oxford-tuition-fees/index.html Miami University = $1,250
- 14. What do youthink about the cost of textbooks?
- 15. What do youthink about the cost of textbooks? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0d6HTN6ll go
- 16. Coping with theCost • Purchase an older edition of the textbook • Delay purchasing the textbook • Never purchase the textbook • Share the textbook with other students
- 17. –U of MNStudent "I figured French hadn't changed that much.”
- 18. 59% of students reportthat they have had to wait for their financial aid check to purchase textbooks. Unpublished Minnesota State University Student Association survey
- 19. Have you everdelayed purchasing a textbook because of cost?
- 20. Have you everdelayed purchasing a textbook because of cost? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjaTJC8zZJ4
- 21. 7/10 students surveyed hadn’tbought a required textbook due to cost. http://www.slideshare.net/txtbks/open-education-and-solving-the-textbook-cost-crisis
- 22.
- 23. 63.6% Not purchasethe required textbook 49.2% Take fewer courses 45.1% Not register for a specific course 33.9% Earn a poor grade 26.7% Drop a course 17.0% Fail a course In your academic career, has the cost of required textbooks caused you to: http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf
- 29.
- 33. Where does thefunding come from? Universities (SUNY, Umass Amherst, Portland State, …) Foundations (Hewlett, Gates, …) Governments (state, federal) Institutional Consortia (CALI)
- 41.
- 44.
- 45. With Creative Commonslicenses, you are free to… Copy Mix Share Keep Edit Use
- 51.
- 52. 0 0 53 16 79 166 181 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 1.0 - 1.5 1.5 - 2.0 2.0 - 2.5 2.5 - 3.0 3.0 - 3.5 3.5 - 4.0 4.0 - 4.5 4.5 - 5.0 Reviews Ratings Open Textbook Reviews
- 53. 13 Peer ReviewedStudies of Efficacy http://openedgroup.org/
- 54.
- 55. 95% Same orBetter Outcomes http://openedgroup.org/
- 56. 12 Peer ReviewedStudies of Perceptions of OER Quality http://openedgroup.org/
- 57. 5,201 Professors andStudents http://openedgroup.org/
- 58.
- 59. Introductory, algebra-based, two-semester collegephysics 1272 pages Available in PDF ePub Print Web Bookshare (accessible) Instructor solution manual Powerpoint slides
- 60.
- 62.
- 68. What can wedo?
- 69. What can wedo? • Take a look! • Write a review! • Adopt if a book meets the needs of you and your students • Raise awareness - talk with colleagues in your program and department
- 70. Writing a Review Isthere is a textbook in the Open Textbook Library that fits your class and/or expertise? Stipend will be paid for: 1. attending this workshop, and 2. reviewing a textbook in the Open Textbook Library
- 71. Writing a Review 1.You will receive an email with a link to the online review form. 2. Complete a concise review by June 20, 2016. 3. The review will be posted on the Open Textbook Library under an open license. 4. Stipend will be paid.
- 72. David Ernst dernst@umn.edu @dernst Slides: http://slideshare.net/djernst OpenTextbook Library: open.umn.edu By David Ernst. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Editor's Notes
- #3 We’re here to talk about something more important that textbooks…
- #4 This is from a study done for the US Department of Education. 2.4 million did not finish college because of cost in the first decade of this century.
- #5 Compare the proportion of cost that students must contribute in 1989 to today.
- #6 Graph of state where presentation is being made. Data can be found at http://www.sheeo.org.
- #7 This shows the number of hours a student would need to work at minimum wage to afford one year of tuition at the University of Minnesota. 200-400 hours = a full time job in the summer. 2080 hours = full time job all year (40 hours x 52 weeks) – we’re getting close to this today
- #8 About 2/3 of students borrow to get through school. These borrows graduate with an average debt of … Include institution’s data – can be found at http://ticas.org/posd/map-state-data-2015
- #9 Consumer Revolving Credit = Credit Card Debt
- #10 Admit that it’s not the highest cost leading to these affordability issues – but it is: the one cost that we as faculty can impact it has a special impact on the academic success of students (as we’ll see later)
- #11 Admit that it’s not the highest cost leading to these affordability issues – but it is: the one cost that we as faculty can impact it has a special impact on the academic success of students (as we’ll see later)
- #12 The cost of textbooks has risen 3-4x time the rate of inflation (CPI = Consumer Price Index (shows inflation))
- #13 “[Textbook prices] have all been going up at a much faster rate than any other consumer product,” said Mark Perry, a finance and business economics professor at the University of Michigan-Flint.
- #14 To get the institution’s estimate – Google “[name of institution] cost of attendance” and find the “books and supplies” category.
- #15 It’s important to have the voice of students in the room.
- #16 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0d6HTN6llgo
- #17 This section explores the ways students cope with the high costs and the academic risk, and the academic impact that those actions have.
- #18 This student was asked to buy an $80 textbook, but found one that was 2 editions older for $8 on Amazon. This was his rationale, which seems pretty reasonable. However, he also said that he knew he was taking some academic risk.
- #19 Students often need to wait 3 weeks until their financial aid payments arrive to purchase their textbooks. The same kind of delay also occurs for students who use the GI bill to fund their education.
- #20 Another “voice of the student”
- #22 At some point in their academic career, 70% of students have not purchased a required textbook because of cost.
- #24 This slide is the key slide in making the point that cost is having an academic impact.
- #25 Ask them if they’re depressed yet. This is the end of defining the problem. I typically ask what would solve this problem – what would make all the percentages on slide 22 go to 0%? Eventuall, someone will say “free textbooks”. Ask the question “but how could a textbook be free? They typically cost hundreds of thousands of dollars to create.” Let’s look at a simplified explanation of the business model…
- #26 Publishers invest in creating a textbook…
- #27 …they recoup their investment (and make a profit) through sales of the books...
- #28 …and have money to pay royalties to authors – typically 5% - 12%. So, if a book is free (there aren’t any sales), how could this possibly work?
- #29 …and have money to pay royalties to authors – typically 5% - 12%. So, if a book is free (there aren’t any sales), how could this possibly work?
- #30 Two other models…
- #31 Model 1: Someone writes a book, usually for their own course, and puts it on the internet for others to use. This is not the most prevalent, nor is it where the activity is right now… Admit that these books might not be peer reviewed in the traditional sense.
- #32 Model 2: The addition of a “funder”. The funder agrees to pay for production of the book, but with one stipulation: The book needs to be free forever. The publishing process could be exactly the same…
- #33 …the author can even get paid.
- #34 Where does this funding come from?
- #35 Some example books from (1) Portland State University, and (2) SUNY – funded by the institutions
- #36 OpenStax (Rice University) – funded by foundations
- #37 CALI is funded by “just about every law school in the country” and they update these books annually. – funded by members.
- #38 There’s just one thing missing… How does the end user – the faculty and students – know the intent of the funder and publisher? Can they just give these books away for free? What about copyright?
- #39 There’s just one thing missing… How does the end user – the faculty and students – know the intent of the funder and publisher? Can they just give these books away for free? What about copyright?
- #40 Acknowledge that copyright law is extremely important. Then note that it wasn’t intended to help people who want to share. So it isn’t sufficient in this case. We need …
- #41 … the Creative Commons. The CC is a nonprofit that created licenses to help people who want to share intellectual proerty.
- #44 So, the CC license is the last piece to this model. Now the end user knows what the intent of the funder/publisher is.
- #45 Plus…
- #46 The licenses allow for these things…
- #47 …give a brief overview of the four license components.
- #48 These are the 6 CC licenses. Maybe even quiz them on one or two... Note that these licenses are used in many places, but we often don’t notice...
- #49 MIT Open Courseware This is a screenshot from an OCW page – there was a video above. Note the license. MIT wants you to use it, and here are their terms: (BY NC SA). Ask what that means.
- #50 TED Talks: BY NC ND Ask what that means.
- #51 So, that’s what a CC license is for… Don’t get too bogged down in scenarios of CC remixing, etc. Tell them that this is just an overview.
- #52 This section is about credibility. The OTL is a collection of open textbooks to make it easy to find them, but we also are asking faculty to write reviews…
- #53 …this is what the reviews are looking like so far on a scale of 1-5...
- #54 Across 13 academic studies that attempted to measure results pertaining to student learning (higher ed: 15784 treatment, 99,692 control, k12: 1805 treatment 2439 control) none showed results in which students who utilized OER performed worse than their peers who used traditional textbooks. Allen, G., Guzman-Alvarez, A., Molinaro, M., Larsen, D. (2015). Assessing the Impact and Efficacy of the Open-Access ChemWiki Textbook Project. Educause Learning Initiative Brief, January 2015. See also this newsletter. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2012). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from Randomized Trials. Ithaka S+R. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2014). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from a Six‐Campus Randomized Trial. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 33(1), 94-111. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint) Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Hilton, J., & Laman, C. (2012). One college’s use of an open psychology textbook. Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 27(3), 201–217. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02680513.2012.716657. (Open Repository Preprint). Lovett, M., Meyer, O., & Thille, C. (2008). The open learning initiative: Measuring the effectiveness of the OLI statistics course in accelerating student learning. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2008 (1). Pawlyshyn, Braddlee, Casper and Miller (2013). Adopting OER: A Case Study of Cross-Institutional Collaboration and Innovation. Educause Review. Robinson, T.J. (2015). Open Textbooks: The Effects of Open Educational Resource Adoption on Measures of Post-secondary Student Success (Doctoral dissertation). Robinson T. J., Fischer, L., Wiley, D. A., & Hilton, J. (2014). The impact of open textbooks on secondary science learning outcomes. Educational Researcher, 43(7): 341-351. Wiley, D., Hilton, J. Ellington, S., and Hall, T. (2012). “A preliminary examination of the cost savings and learning impacts of using open textbooks in middle and high school science classes.” International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 13 (3), pp. 261-276. This also includes Fischer et al (2015), Wiley et al. (EPAA) (2016), and Hilton et al. (IRRODL) (in press)
- #55 Across 13 academic studies that attempted to measure results pertaining to student learning (higher ed: 15784 treatment, 99,692 control, k12: 1805 treatment 2439 control) none showed results in which students who utilized OER performed worse than their peers who used traditional textbooks. Allen, G., Guzman-Alvarez, A., Molinaro, M., Larsen, D. (2015). Assessing the Impact and Efficacy of the Open-Access ChemWiki Textbook Project. Educause Learning Initiative Brief, January 2015. See also this newsletter. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2012). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from Randomized Trials. Ithaka S+R. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2014). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from a Six‐Campus Randomized Trial. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 33(1), 94-111. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint) Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Hilton, J., & Laman, C. (2012). One college’s use of an open psychology textbook. Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 27(3), 201–217. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02680513.2012.716657. (Open Repository Preprint). Lovett, M., Meyer, O., & Thille, C. (2008). The open learning initiative: Measuring the effectiveness of the OLI statistics course in accelerating student learning. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2008 (1). Pawlyshyn, Braddlee, Casper and Miller (2013). Adopting OER: A Case Study of Cross-Institutional Collaboration and Innovation. Educause Review. Robinson, T.J. (2015). Open Textbooks: The Effects of Open Educational Resource Adoption on Measures of Post-secondary Student Success (Doctoral dissertation). Robinson T. J., Fischer, L., Wiley, D. A., & Hilton, J. (2014). The impact of open textbooks on secondary science learning outcomes. Educational Researcher, 43(7): 341-351. Wiley, D., Hilton, J. Ellington, S., and Hall, T. (2012). “A preliminary examination of the cost savings and learning impacts of using open textbooks in middle and high school science classes.” International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 13 (3), pp. 261-276. This also includes Fischer et al (2015), Wiley et al. (EPAA) (2016), and Hilton et al. (IRRODL) (in press)
- #56 Across 13 academic studies that attempted to measure results pertaining to student learning (higher ed: 15784 treatment, 99,692 control, k12: 1805 treatment 2439 control) none showed results in which students who utilized OER performed worse than their peers who used traditional textbooks. Allen, G., Guzman-Alvarez, A., Molinaro, M., Larsen, D. (2015). Assessing the Impact and Efficacy of the Open-Access ChemWiki Textbook Project. Educause Learning Initiative Brief, January 2015. See also this newsletter. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2012). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from Randomized Trials. Ithaka S+R. Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2014). Interactive Learning Online at Public Universities: Evidence from a Six‐Campus Randomized Trial. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 33(1), 94-111. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint) Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Hilton, J., & Laman, C. (2012). One college’s use of an open psychology textbook. Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 27(3), 201–217. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02680513.2012.716657. (Open Repository Preprint). Lovett, M., Meyer, O., & Thille, C. (2008). The open learning initiative: Measuring the effectiveness of the OLI statistics course in accelerating student learning. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2008 (1). Pawlyshyn, Braddlee, Casper and Miller (2013). Adopting OER: A Case Study of Cross-Institutional Collaboration and Innovation. Educause Review. Robinson, T.J. (2015). Open Textbooks: The Effects of Open Educational Resource Adoption on Measures of Post-secondary Student Success (Doctoral dissertation). Robinson T. J., Fischer, L., Wiley, D. A., & Hilton, J. (2014). The impact of open textbooks on secondary science learning outcomes. Educational Researcher, 43(7): 341-351. Wiley, D., Hilton, J. Ellington, S., and Hall, T. (2012). “A preliminary examination of the cost savings and learning impacts of using open textbooks in middle and high school science classes.” International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 13 (3), pp. 261-276. This also includes Fischer et al (2015), Wiley et al. (EPAA) (2016), and Hilton et al. (IRRODL) (in press)
- #57 In terms of student and teacher perceptions of OER, 2,717 students and 2,484 faculty members were surveyed across the nine peer-reviewed studies. Approximately 50% said that the OER resources were as good as traditional resources, 35% said the OER were superior and 15% said they were inferior. Allen, I., Seaman, J. (2014). Opening the Curriculum: Open Educational Resources in U.S. Higher Education, 2014. Bliss, T., Robinson, T. J., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). An OER COUP: College teacher and student perceptions of Open Educational Resources. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 1–25. Bliss, T., Hilton, J., Wiley, D., Thanos, K. (2013). The cost and quality of open textbooks: Perceptions of community college faculty and students. First Monday, 18:1. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint). Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Lindshield, B., & Adhikari, K. (2013). Online and campus college students like using an open educational resource instead of a traditional textbook. Journal of Online Learning & Teaching, 9(1), 1–7. Petrides, L., Jimes, C., Middleton‐Detzner, C., Walling, J., & Weiss, S. (2011). Open textbook adoption and use: Implications for teachers and learners. Open learning, 26(1), 39-49, Pitt, R., Ebrahimi, N., McAndrew, P., & Coughlan, T. (2013). Assessing OER impact across organisations and learners: experiences from the Bridge to Success project. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2013(3). Jhangiani, R. S., Pitt, R., Hendricks, C., Key, J., & Lalonde, C. (2016). Exploring faculty use of open educational resources at British Columbia post-secondary institutions. BCcampus Research Report. Victoria, BC: BCcampus. https://bccampus.ca/files/2016/01/BCFacultyUseOfOER_final.pdf, Pitt, R. (2015). Mainstreaming Open Textbooks: Educator Perspectives on the Impact of OpenStax College open textbooks. The International Review of Research in Open And Distributed Learning, 16(4). http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/2381/3497 and CA OER Whitepaper
- #58 In terms of student and teacher perceptions of OER, 2,717 students and 2,484 faculty members were surveyed across the nine peer-reviewed studies. Approximately 50% said that the OER resources were as good as traditional resources, 35% said the OER were superior and 15% said they were inferior. Allen, I., Seaman, J. (2014). Opening the Curriculum: Open Educational Resources in U.S. Higher Education, 2014. Bliss, T., Robinson, T. J., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). An OER COUP: College teacher and student perceptions of Open Educational Resources. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 1–25. Bliss, T., Hilton, J., Wiley, D., Thanos, K. (2013). The cost and quality of open textbooks: Perceptions of community college faculty and students. First Monday, 18:1. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint). Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Lindshield, B., & Adhikari, K. (2013). Online and campus college students like using an open educational resource instead of a traditional textbook. Journal of Online Learning & Teaching, 9(1), 1–7. Petrides, L., Jimes, C., Middleton‐Detzner, C., Walling, J., & Weiss, S. (2011). Open textbook adoption and use: Implications for teachers and learners. Open learning, 26(1), 39-49, Pitt, R., Ebrahimi, N., McAndrew, P., & Coughlan, T. (2013). Assessing OER impact across organisations and learners: experiences from the Bridge to Success project. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2013(3). Jhangiani, R. S., Pitt, R., Hendricks, C., Key, J., & Lalonde, C. (2016). Exploring faculty use of open educational resources at British Columbia post-secondary institutions. BCcampus Research Report. Victoria, BC: BCcampus. https://bccampus.ca/files/2016/01/BCFacultyUseOfOER_final.pdf, Pitt, R. (2015). Mainstreaming Open Textbooks: Educator Perspectives on the Impact of OpenStax College open textbooks. The International Review of Research in Open And Distributed Learning, 16(4). http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/2381/3497 and CA OER Whitepaper
- #59 In terms of student and teacher perceptions of OER, 2,717 students and 2,484 faculty members were surveyed across the nine peer-reviewed studies. Approximately 50% said that the OER resources were as good as traditional resources, 35% said the OER were superior and 15% said they were inferior. Allen, I., Seaman, J. (2014). Opening the Curriculum: Open Educational Resources in U.S. Higher Education, 2014. Bliss, T., Robinson, T. J., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). An OER COUP: College teacher and student perceptions of Open Educational Resources. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 1–25. Bliss, T., Hilton, J., Wiley, D., Thanos, K. (2013). The cost and quality of open textbooks: Perceptions of community college faculty and students. First Monday, 18:1. Feldstein, A., Martin, M., Hudson, A., Warren, K., Hilton, J., & Wiley, D. (2012). Open textbooks and increased student access and outcomes. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eurodl.org/index.php?p=archives&year=2012&halfyear=2&article=533. Gil, P., Candelas, F., Jara, C., Garcia, G., Torres, F (2013). Web-based OERs in Computer Networks. International Journal of Engineering Education, 29(6), 1537-1550. (OA preprint). Hilton, J., Gaudet, D., Clark, P., Robinson, J., & Wiley, D. (2013). The adoption of open educational resources by one community college math department. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 14(4), 37–50. Lindshield, B., & Adhikari, K. (2013). Online and campus college students like using an open educational resource instead of a traditional textbook. Journal of Online Learning & Teaching, 9(1), 1–7. Petrides, L., Jimes, C., Middleton‐Detzner, C., Walling, J., & Weiss, S. (2011). Open textbook adoption and use: Implications for teachers and learners. Open learning, 26(1), 39-49, Pitt, R., Ebrahimi, N., McAndrew, P., & Coughlan, T. (2013). Assessing OER impact across organisations and learners: experiences from the Bridge to Success project. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2013(3). Jhangiani, R. S., Pitt, R., Hendricks, C., Key, J., & Lalonde, C. (2016). Exploring faculty use of open educational resources at British Columbia post-secondary institutions. BCcampus Research Report. Victoria, BC: BCcampus. https://bccampus.ca/files/2016/01/BCFacultyUseOfOER_final.pdf, Pitt, R. (2015). Mainstreaming Open Textbooks: Educator Perspectives on the Impact of OpenStax College open textbooks. The International Review of Research in Open And Distributed Learning, 16(4). http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/2381/3497 and CA OER Whitepaper
- #60 So, an open textbook (possibly the first time the term “open textbook” is used) is a textbook with a CC license – it’s free and you can do all the things on slide 43. Here’s an example. Note the ancillary materials. Note that they shouldn’t assume that an open textbook doesn’t have them – some do and some don’t (just like commercial textbooks)
- #62 Some examples of faculty who edited or remixed a textbook. 1. Math faculty who recorded simple videos explaining how to do the math problems and linked to the videos in the book. Students can watch the videos if they need help.
- #64 2. Statistics professors who teach a 1000 level stats course edited this open textbook to align with their Excel-based course. They edited each chapter to add examples, instructions, and also wrote ~1000 multiple choice questions.
- #65 Here’s the new title page with the faculty listed as authors.
- #66 Faculty who taught a Personal Finance” course noticed that the Consumer Price Index data was out of date. They didn’t feel that they had time to update the book. Then they realized that CPI data is public data, and instead of having student write about the CPI, they would ask students to do a primary research project with CPI data. No editing was needed, because students would see the up-to-date data in their own project.
- #67 The CPI website
- #68 David Wiley’s course on Project Management for Instructional Designers. They edited an open Project Management textbook to be specific to Instructional Design Project Management. Students are now authors…
- #69 This is what they can do…
- #70 This is what they can do…
- #71 To make it clear that they are eligible for the stipend only if they do both of these things. They can put a check next to #1…
- #72 Here’s the review process. The due date – typically about 6 weeks after the workshop - should be discussed with your hosts before the workshop. Ask the faculty if the due date works for them. Note that the review will have it’s own open license so we can share their wisdom with other open textbook projects. Note that if you over-emphasize this, some people could get cold feet. Tell them that it’s not a big deal.