Navigating the Age of Generative AI with a Human-Centred Approach

1. Navigating the Age of Generative AI
with a Human-Centred Approach
Cork Prison Lecture Series
May 7th , 2024
Dr Haithem Afli
@AfliHaithem
Haithem.afli@mtu.ie
Computer Science Department

2. About me
Computer Science Faculty member
à NLP, Applied Machine Learning, Chair of the CS postgraduate Research Board
Member of the MTU Academic Council
Leadership and Management
Ø SFI Principal Investigator at ADAPT Centre
Ø ADAPT Lead at MTU (23 MTU members)
Ø Member of the ADAPT Executive Management Committee (460 ADAPT Members)
Ø Lead of the Human Centered AI Research Group (HAI)
Ø IEEE Senior Member, ACM and ACL member
Ø Expert and Leader of several Horizon Europe projects
Research Interest
Ø Natural Language Processing
Ø Responsible and Trust-worthy AI
Ø Machine Learning for Social Sciences and Biology
Ø AI Ethics and Governance
HE Lecturing Experience

3. On January 29, 1886, Carl Benz applied for a patent for his
“vehicle powered by a gas engine.” The patent – number
37435 – may be regarded as the birth certificate of the
automobile.
Credit: Daimler AG

4. AI debates - the new Horse vs Automobile?
1915 ad tries to convince people not to buy automobile and keep their horses
Haithem.afli@mtu.ie

5. Artificial intelligence (AI)
Beyond the Hype

6. Artificial intelligence (AI)
The Good
Haithem.afli@mtu.ie
Graph from Tobias Bohnhoff
Photo by Franki Chamaki on Unsplash

7. Artificial intelligence (AI)
The Bad
Haithem.afli@mtu.ie
Graph from Tobias Bohnhoff

8. Artificial intelligence (AI)
The Ugly
Haithem.afli@mtu.ie
Graph from Tobias Bohnhoff
https://nativevideotube.blogspot.com/

9. What is Generative AI?
Haithem.afli@mtu.ie
Generative AI refers to artificial intelligence technologies that can generate new content, ranging from text and
images to music and code, based on patterns it learns from existing data.
Why It Matters?
• Understanding AI from a non-technical perspective is crucial as it allows a broader range of individuals to
appreciate its implications, participate in discussions about its use, and make informed decisions about its
integration into society and business.
https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/generative-ai-research-
empowers-creators-with-guided-image-structure-control/

10. Where it all began?
Haithem.afli@mtu.ie
The book of knowledge of ingenious
mechanical devices
By the father of Robotics
Ismail al-Jazari
(1136-1206)
Reimplementation of one of Al-Jazari’s musical
automata systems in 2011 by Robotica , based on the
description from The book of knowledge of ingenious
mechanical devices

11. What is Generative AI
Haithem.afli@mtu.ie
Photo by Stefany Andrade on Unsplash
AI Beats vol.2

12. Haithem.afli@mtu.ie
How to generate music clips with AI
AI beats
https://github.com/dimitreOliveira/ai_beats?tab=readme-ov-file

13. Natural Language Processing
ChatGPT

14. Natural Language Processing
ChatGPT

15. Generative Pre-trained Transformer
(GPT)
•Generative. The model is capable of
generating continuations to the provided
input. That is, given some text, the model
tries to guess which words come next.
•Pre-trained. The model is trained on a very
large corpus of general text and is meant to
be trained once and used for a lot of different
things without needing to be re-trained from
scratch.
Illustration by William Matthew in the public domain, published in 1905. GPT-3
has more than 100x more parameters than GPT-2.

16. What Makes ChatGPT so Special?

17. Challenges: Should we fear AI?
HAL 9000 from the movie "2001: A Space Odyssey."
Haithem.afli@mtu.ie
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARJ8cAGm6JE

18. • What are the potential risks or challenges
associated with the development and
deployment of AI?
• Should we fear AI? Why or why not?
• Are there any ethical considerations or
safeguards that should be implemented as AI
continues to advance?
Haithem.afli@mtu.ie
Challenges: Should we fear AI?
HAL 9000 from the movie "2001: A Space Odyssey."

19. The Need for a Human-Centred Approach in AI
Haithem.afli@mtu.ie
What is a Human-Centred Approach?
• This approach prioritizes human values, needs, and ethical standards in the development and deployment of AI
technologies, ensuring that AI serves to enhance human capabilities and wellbeing.
Why is it Important?
• Ethical Considerations: Ensures AI is used responsibly and ethically.
• Bias Mitigation: Reduces the risk of perpetuating or creating biases, promoting fairness and inclusivity.
• User Empowerment: Places control and understanding in the hands of the users, fostering trust and acceptance.

20. Looking Ahead: The Future of Generative AI
Haithem.afli@mtu.ie
Future Possibilities:
• Imagine generative AI revolutionising creative industries, enhancing personalised education, and automating
complex decision-making processes.
Preparing Society:
• Education and Awareness: Cultivate a well-informed public that understands AI capabilities and limitations.
• Policy and Regulation: Develop comprehensive AI governance frameworks to ensure safe and ethical use.
• Inclusive Design: Promote the development of AI technologies that respect diverse needs and perspectives.

21. AI + IoT = the emerging future of Industry 4.0
Haithem.afli@mtu.ie
Looking Ahead: The Future of Generative AI

22. Discussion
Discussion

23. Thank You!
Haithem.afli@mtu.ie
Haithem Afli
@AfliHaithem
Computer Science Department