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Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun,
Adjective, Verb and Adverb
Andrew Ernest Ritz
Langtech
August 5, 2011
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 1 / 51
Introduction
Words classifiable in four different ways as either a noun, adjective,
verb or adverb, are very useful when trying to understand the semantic
relationships that exist between words and are defined in Wordnet.
Wordnet is a free lexical database of English available from Stanford
University.
The main semantic relationships defined between words are
Synonymy/Antonymy
Hypernymy/Hyponymy,
Meronymy/Holonymy
Troponymy
Entailment
Why not download Wordnet and type in one of the words listed in
this presentation and explore these relationships.
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 2 / 51
best
noun –1. (6) best – (the supreme effort one can make; ”they did
their best”)
verb –. (1) outdo, outflank, trump, best, scoop – (get the better of;
”the goal was to best the competition”)
adj –1. (94) best – ((superlative of ‘good’) having the most positive
qualities; ”the best film of the year”; ”the best solution”; ”the best
time for planting”; ”wore his best suit”)
adv –1. (14) best – (in a most excellent way or manner; ”he played
best after a couple of martinis”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 3 / 51
better
noun –1. (1) better – (something superior in quality or condition or
effect; ”a change for the better”)
verb –1. (1) better, break – (surpass in excellence; ”She bettered her
own record”; ”break a record”)
adj –1. (69) better – ((comparative of ‘good’) superior to another (of
the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or
suitability; more highly skilled than another; ”You’re a better man
than I am, Gunga Din”; ”a better coat”; ”a better type of car”; ”a
suit with a better fit”; ”a better chance of success”; ”produced a
better mousetrap”; ”she’s better in math than in history”)
adv –1. (45) better – (comparative of ‘well’; in a better or more
excellent manner or more advantageously or attractively or to a
greater degree etc.; ”She had never sung better”; ”a deed better left
undone”; ”better suited to the job”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 4 / 51
bitter
noun –1. bitter – (English term for a dry sharp-tasting ale with
strong flavor of hops (usually on draft))
verb –. bitter – (make bitter)
adj –1. (12) acrimonious, bitter – (marked by strong resentment or
cynicism; ”an acrimonious dispute”; ”bitter about the divorce”)
adv –. piercingly, bitterly, bitingly, bitter – (extremely and sharply; ”it
was bitterly cold”; ”bitter cold”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 5 / 51
broadside
noun –1. (1) circular, handbill, bill, broadside, broadsheet, flier, flyer,
throwaway – (an advertisement (usually printed on a page or in a
leaflet) intended for wide distribution; ”he mailed the circular to all
subscribers”)
verb –. broadside – (collide with the broad side of; ”her car
broad-sided mine”)
adj –. broadside – (toward a full side; ”a broadside attack”)
adv –. broadside – (with a side facing an object; ”the train hit the
truck broadside”; ”the wave caught the canoe broadside and capsized
it”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 6 / 51
clean
noun –. (1) clean and jerk, clean – (a weightlift in which the barbell
is lifted to shoulder height and then jerked overhead)
verb –1. (16) clean, make clean – (make clean by removing dirt, filth,
or unwanted substances from; ”Clean the stove!”; ”The dentist
cleaned my teeth”)
adj –1. (17) clean – (free from dirt or impurities; or having clean
habits; ”children with clean shining faces”; ”clean white shirts”;
”clean dishes”; ”a spotlessly clean house”; ”cats are clean animals”)
adv –1. (1) clean, plumb, plum – (completely; used as intensifiers;
”clean forgot the appointment”; ”I’m plumb (or plum) tuckered out”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 7 / 51
clear
noun –1. clear – (the state of being free of suspicion; ”investigation
showed that he was in the clear”)
verb –1. (16) unclutter, clear – (rid of obstructions; ”Clear your
desk”)
adj –1. (55) clear – (readily apparent to the mind; ”a clear and
present danger”; ”a clear explanation”; ”a clear case of murder”; ”a
clear indication that she was angry”; ”gave us a clear idea of human
nature”)
adv –1. (3) clear, all the way – (completely; ”read the book clear to
the end”; ”slept clear through the night”; ”there were open fields
clear to the horizon”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 8 / 51
close
noun –1. (8) stopping point, finale, finis, finish, last, conclusion,
close – (the temporal end; the concluding time; ”the stopping point
of each round was signaled by a bell”; ”the market was up at the
finish”; ”they were playing better at the close of the season”)
verb –1. (32) close, shut – (move so that an opening or passage is
obstructed; make shut; ”Close the door”; ”shut the window”)
adj –1. (38) close – (at or within a short distance in space or time or
having elements near each other; ”close to noon”; ”how close are we
to town?”; ”a close formation of ships”)
adv –1. (17) near, nigh, close – (near in time or place or relationship;
”as the wedding day drew near”; ”stood near the door”; ”don’t shoot
until they come near”; ”getting near to the true explanation”; ”her
mother is always near”; ”The end draws nigh”; ”the bullet didn’t
come close”; ”don’t get too close to the fire”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 9 / 51
cod
noun –1. pod, cod, seedcase – (the vessel that contains the seeds of
a plant (not the seeds themselves))
verb –1. gull, dupe, slang, befool, cod, fool, put on, take in, put one
over, put one across – (fool or hoax; ”The immigrant was duped
because he trusted everyone”; ”You can’t fool me!”)
adj –. collect, cod – (payable by the recipient on delivery; ”a collect
call”; ”the letter came collect”; ”a COD parcel”)
adv –. C.O.D., COD, cash on delivery – (collecting the charges upon
delivery; ”mail a package C.O.D.”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 10 / 51
collect
noun –. collect – (a short prayer generally preceding the lesson in the
Church of Rome or the Church of England)
verb –1. (16) roll up, collect, accumulate, pile up, amass, compile,
hoard – (get or gather together; ”I am accumulating evidence for the
man’s unfaithfulness to his wife”; ”She is amassing a lot of data for
her thesis”; ”She rolled up a small fortune”)
adj –. collect, cod – (payable by the recipient on delivery; ”a collect
call”; ”the letter came collect”; ”a COD parcel”)
adv –. collect – (make a telephone call or mail a package so that the
recipient pays; ”call collect”; ”send a package collect”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 11 / 51
counter
noun –1. (3) counter – (table consisting of a horizontal surface over
which business is transacted)
verb –1. (2) counter – (speak in response; ”He countered with some
very persuasive arguments”)
adj –. (2) antagonistic, counter – (indicating opposition or resistance)
adv –. (1) counter – (in the opposite direction; ”run counter”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 12 / 51
crisscross
noun –. crisscross, cross, mark – (a marking that consists of lines
that cross each other)
verb –1. (1) crisscross – (cross in a pattern, often random)
adj –. crisscross, crisscrossed – (marked with crossing lines)
adv –. crisscross – (crossing one another in opposite directions)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 13 / 51
damn
noun –. (1) damn, darn, hoot, red cent, shit, shucks, tinker’s damn,
tinker’s dam – (something of little value; ”his promise is not worth a
damn”; ”not worth one red cent”; ”not worth shucks”)
verb –. (7) curse, beshrew, damn, bedamn, anathemize, anathemise,
imprecate, maledict – (wish harm upon; invoke evil upon; ”The bad
witch cursed the child”)
adj –1. (19) damn, goddamn – (used as expletives; ”oh, damn (or
goddamn)!”)
adv –. (2) bloody, damn, all-fired – (extremely; ”you are bloody
right”; ”Why are you so all-fired aggressive?”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 14 / 51
double
noun –1. (12) double, two-base hit, two-bagger, two-baser – (a base
hit on which the batter stops safely at second base; ”he hit a double
to deep centerfield”)
verb –1. (12) double, duplicate – (increase twofold; ”The population
doubled within 50 years”)
adj –1. (5) double, dual, twofold, two-fold, treble, threefold,
three-fold – (having more than one decidedly dissimilar aspects or
qualities; ”a double (or dual) role for an actor”; ”the office of a
clergyman is twofold; public preaching and private influence”-
R.W.Emerson; ”every episode has its double and treble
meaning”-Frederick Harrison)
adv –1. double – (downward and forward; ”he was bent double with
pain”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 15 / 51
down
noun –1. (1) down, down feather – (soft fine feathers)
verb –1. (3) toss off, pop, bolt down, belt down, pour down, down,
drink down, kill – (drink down entirely; ”He downed three martinis
before dinner”; ”She killed a bottle of brandy that night”; ”They
popped a few beer after work”)
adj –1. (9) down – (being or moving lower in position or less in some
value; ”lay face down”; ”the moon is down”; ”our team is down by a
run”; ”down by a pawn”; ”the stock market is down today”)
adv –1. (98) down, downwards, downward, downwardly – (spatially
or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position; ”don’t fall
down”; ”rode the lift up and skied down”; ”prices plunged
downward”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
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express
noun –1. express, express mail – (mail that is distributed by a rapid
and efficient system)
verb –1. (59) express, show, evince – (give expression to; ”She
showed her disappointment”)
adj –1. (1) express – (not tacit or implied; ”her express wish”)
adv –. (1) express – (by express; ”please send the letter express”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 17 / 51
fair
noun –1. (1) carnival, fair, funfair – (a traveling show; having
sideshows and rides and games of skill etc.)
verb –. (1) fair – (join so that the external surfaces blend smoothly)
adj –1. (10) fair, just – (free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or
deception; conforming with established standards or rules; ”a fair
referee”; ”fair deal”; ”on a fair footing”; ”a fair fight”; ”by fair means
or foul”)
adv –1. fairly, fair, clean – (in conformity with the rules or laws and
without fraud or cheating; ”they played fairly”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 18 / 51
fast
noun –. (1) fast, fasting – (abstaining from food)
verb –1. fast – (abstain from certain foods, as for religious or medical
reasons; ”Catholics sometimes fast during Lent”)
adj –1. (18) fast – (acting or moving or capable of acting or moving
quickly; ”fast film”; ”on the fast track in school”; ”set a fast pace”;
”a fast car”)
adv –1. (16) fast – (quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining
form); ”how fast can he get here?”; ”ran as fast as he could”; ”needs
medical help fast”; ”fast-running rivers”; ”fast-breaking news”;
”fast-opening (or fast-closing) shutters”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 19 / 51
fine
noun –. fine, mulct, amercement – (money extracted as a penalty)
verb –. ticket, fine – (issue a ticket or a fine to as a penalty; ”I was
fined for parking on the wrong side of the street”; ”Move your car or
else you will be ticketed!”)
adj –1. (4) all right, fine, o.k., ok, okay, hunky-dory – (being
satisfactory or in satisfactory condition; ”an all-right movie”; ”the
passengers were shaken up but are all right”; ”is everything all
right?”; ”everything’s fine”; ”things are okay”; ”dinner and the
movies had been fine”; ”another minute I’d have been fine”)
adv –1. (3) very well, fine, alright, all right, OK – (an expression of
agreement normally occurring at the beginning of a sentence)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 20 / 51
firm
noun –. (26) firm, house, business firm – (the members of a business
organization that owns or operates one or more establishments; ”he
worked for a brokerage house”)
verb –1. tauten, firm – (become taut or tauter; ”Your muscles will
firm when you exercise regularly”; ”the rope tautened”)
adj –1. (12) firm, steadfast, steady, stiff, unbendable, unfaltering,
unshakable, unwavering – (marked by firm determination or
resolution; not shakable; ”firm convictions”; ”a firm mouth”;
”steadfast resolve”; ”a man of unbendable perseverence”;
”unwavering loyalty”)
adv –. (1) firm, firmly, steadfastly, unwaveringly – (with resolute
determination; ”we firmly believed it”; ”you must stand firm”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 21 / 51
flush
noun –1. (1) flower, prime, peak, heyday, bloom, blossom,
efflorescence, flush – (the period of greatest prosperity or productivity)
verb –1. (3) blush, crimson, flush, redden – (turn red, as if in
embarrassment or shame; ”The girl blushed when a young man
whistled as she walked by”)
adj –1. (1) flush – (of a surface exactly even with an adjoining one,
forming the same plane; ”a door flush with the wall”; ”the bottom of
the window is flush with the floor”)
adv –1. (2) flush – (squarely or solidly; ”hit him flush in the face”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 22 / 51
forward
noun –1. forward – (the person who plays the position of forward in
certain games, such as basketball, soccer, or hockey)
verb –. (3) forward, send on – (send or ship onward from an
intermediate post or station in transit; ”forward my mail”)
adj –1. (8) forward – (at or near or directed toward the front; ”the
forward section of the aircraft”; ”a forward plunge down the stairs”;
”forward motion”)
adv –1. (53) forward, forwards, frontward, frontwards, forrad, forrard
– (at or to or toward the front; ”he faced forward”; ”step forward”;
”she practiced sewing backward as well as frontward on her new
sewing machine”; (‘forrad’ and ‘forrard’ are dialectal variations))
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 23 / 51
free
noun –. free, free people – (people who are free; ”the home of the
free and the brave”)
verb –1. (6) free, liberate, release, unloose, unloosen, loose – (grant
freedom to; free from confinement)
adj –1. (38) free – (able to act at will; not hampered; not under
compulsion or restraint; ”free enterprise”; ”a free port”; ”a free
country”; ”I have an hour free”; ”free will”; ”free of racism”; ”feel
free to stay as long as you wish”; ”a free choice”)
adv –. loose, free – (without restraint; ”cows in India are running
loose”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 24 / 51
home
noun –1. (55) home, place – (where you live at a particular time;
”deliver the package to my home”; ”he doesn’t have a home to go
to”; ”your place or mine?”)
verb –1. home – (provide with, or send to, a home)
adj –1. (7) home – (used of your own ground; ”a home game”)
adv –1. (59) home – (at or to or in the direction of one’s home or
family; ”He stays home on weekends”; ”after the game the children
brought friends home for supper”; ”I’ll be home tomorrow”; ”came
riding home in style”; ”I hope you will come home for Christmas”;
”I’ll take her home”; ”don’t forget to write home”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 25 / 51
jolly
noun –1. jolly – (a happy party)
verb –. kid, chaff, jolly, josh, banter – (be silly or tease one another;
”After we relaxed, we just kidded around”)
adj –. (2) gay, jocund, jolly, jovial, merry, mirthful – (full of or
showing high-spirited merriment; ”when hearts were young and gay”;
”a poet could not but be gay, in such a jocund company”-
Wordsworth; ”the jolly crowd at the reunion”; ”jolly old Saint Nick”;
”a jovial old gentleman”; ”have a merry Christmas”; ”peals of merry
laughter”; ”a mirthful laugh”)
adv –. reasonably, moderately, pretty, jolly, somewhat, fairly,
middling, passably – (to a moderately sufficient extent or degree;
”pretty big”; ”pretty bad”; ”jolly decent of him”; ”the shoes are
priced reasonably”; ”he is fairly clever with computers”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 26 / 51
last
noun –1. (3) stopping point, finale, finis, finish, last, conclusion,
close – (the temporal end; the concluding time; ”the stopping point
of each round was signaled by a bell”; ”the market was up at the
finish”; ”they were playing better at the close of the season”)
verb –1. (19) last, endure – (persist for a specified period of time;
”The bad weather lasted for three days”)
adj –1. (109) last – (immediately past; ”last Thursday”; ”the last
chapter we read”)
adv –1. (4) last – (most recently; ”I saw him last in London”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 27 / 51
light
noun –1. (46) light, visible light, visible radiation – ((physics)
electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation; ”the
light was filtered through a soft glass window”)
verb –1. (12) light, illume, illumine, light up, illuminate – (make
lighter or brighter; ”This lamp lightens the room a bit”)
adj –1. (14) light – (of comparatively little physical weight or density;
”a light load”; ”magnesium is a light metal–having a specific gravity
of 1.74 at 20 degrees C”)
adv –. lightly, light – (with few burdens; ”experienced travellers
travel light”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 28 / 51
low
noun –1. low, depression – (an air mass of lower pressure; often
brings precipitation; ”a low moved in over night bringing sleet and
snow”)
verb –. moo, low – (make a low noise, characteristic of bovines)
adj –1. (55) low – (less than normal in degree or intensity or amount;
”low prices”; ”the reservoir is low”)
adv –. (3) low – (in a low position; near the ground; ”the branches
hung low”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 29 / 51
okay
noun –. O.K., OK, okay, okey, okeh – (an endorsement; ”they gave
us the O.K. to go ahead”)
verb –. approve, O.K., okay, sanction – (give sanction to; ”I approve
of his educational policies”)
adj –. (2) all right, fine, o.k., ok, okay, hunky-dory – (being
satisfactory or in satisfactory condition; ”an all-right movie”; ”the
passengers were shaken up but are all right”; ”is everything all
right?”; ”everything’s fine”; ”things are okay”; ”dinner and the
movies had been fine”; ”another minute I’d have been fine”)
adv –. okay, O.K., all right, alright – (in a satisfactory or adequate
manner; ”she’ll do okay on her own”; ”held up all right under
pressure”; (‘alright’ is a nonstandard variant of ‘all right’))
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 30 / 51
out
noun –. out – ((baseball) a failure by a batter or runner to reach a
base safely in baseball; ”you only get 3 outs per inning”)
verb –1. come out of the closet, out, come out – (to state openly
and publicly one’s homosexuality; ”This actor outed last year”)
adj –1. (3) out – (not allowed to continue to bat or run; ”he was
tagged out at second on a close play”; ”he fanned out”)
adv –1. (5) out – (away from home; ”they went out last night”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 31 / 51
pat
noun –1. pat, rap, tap – (the sound made by a gentle blow)
verb –1. (11) chuck, pat – (pat or squeeze fondly or playfully,
especially under the chin)
adj –1. glib, pat, slick – (having only superficial plausibility; ”glib
promises”; ”a slick commercial”)
adv –. pat – (completely or perfectly; ”he has the lesson pat”; ”had
the system down pat”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 32 / 51
plumb
noun –. plumb bob, plumb, plummet – (the metal bob of a plumb
line)
verb –1. (1) plumb – (measure the depth of something)
adj –. plumb – (exactly vertical; ”the tower of Pisa is far out of
plumb”)
adv –1. (2) clean, plumb, plum – (completely; used as intensifiers;
”clean forgot the appointment”; ”I’m plumb (or plum) tuckered out”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 33 / 51
plump
noun –. plump – (the sound of a sudden heavy fall)
verb –1. plummet, plump – (drop sharply; ”The stock market
plummeted”)
adj –. (2) chubby, embonpoint, plump – (sufficiently fat so as to have
a pleasing fullness of figure; ”a chubby child”; ”pleasingly plump”;)
adv –. plump – (straight down especially heavily or abruptly; ”the
anchor fell plump into the sea”; ”we dropped the rock plump into the
water”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 34 / 51
pop
noun –1. (1) dad, dada, daddy, pa, papa, pappa, pop – (an informal
term for a father; probably derived from baby talk)
verb –1. (3) start, protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out,
come out – (bulge outward; ”His eyes popped”)
adj –. popular, pop – ((of music or art) new and of general appeal
(especially among young people))
adv –. pop – (like a pop or with a pop; ”everything went pop”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 35 / 51
quiet
noun –1. (1) lull, quiet – (a period of calm weather; ”there was a lull
in the storm”)
verb –1. (1) quieten, hush, quiet, quiesce, quiet down, pipe down –
(become quiet or quieter; ”The audience fell silent when the speaker
entered”)
adj –1. (13) quiet – (characterized by an absence or near absence of
agitation or activity; ”a quiet life”; ”a quiet throng of onlookers”;
”quiet peace-loving people”; ”the factions remained quiet for almost
10 years”)
adv –. (1) quietly, quiet – (with little or no activity or no agitation
(‘quiet’ is a nonstandard variant for ‘quietly’); ”her hands rested
quietly in her lap”; ”the rock star was quietly led out the back door”;
”sit here as quiet as you can”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 36 / 51
right
noun –1. (41) right – (an abstract idea of that which is due to a
person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature; ”they are
endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights”; ”Certain
rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in
the hands of the people”- Eleanor Roosevelt; ”a right is not
something that somebody gives you; it is something that nobody can
take away”)
verb –1. right, compensate, redress, correct – (make reparations or
amends for; ”right a wrongs done to the victims of the Holocaust”)
adj –1. (20) right – (being or located on or directed toward the side
of the body to the east when facing north; ”my right hand”; ”right
center field”; ”a right-hand turn”; ”the right bank of a river is the
bank on your right side when you are facing downstream”)
adv –1. (17) right – (precisely, exactly; ”stand right here!”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 37 / 51
rough
noun –. rough – (the part of a golf course bordering the fairway
where the grass is not cut short)
verb –. (1) rough in, rough, rough out – (prepare in preliminary or
sketchy form)
adj –1. (13) rough, unsmooth – (having or caused by an irregular
surface; ”trees with rough bark”; ”rough ground”; ”rough skin”;
”rough blankets”; ”his unsmooth face”)
adv –1. (1) roughly, rough – (with roughness or violence (‘rough’ is
an informal variant for ‘roughly’); ”he was pushed roughly aside”;
”they treated him rough”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 38 / 51
round
noun –1. (6) round, unit of ammunition, one shot – (a charge of
ammunition for a single shot)
verb –1. (3) round – (wind around; move along a circular course;
”round the bend”)
adj –1. (12) round, circular – (having a circular shape)
adv –. (3) round, around – (from beginning to end; throughout; ”It
rains all year round on Skye”; ”frigid weather the year around”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 39 / 51
second
noun –1. (24) second, sec, s – (1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of
time adopted under the Systeme International d’Unites)
verb –1. second, back, endorse, indorse – (give support or one’s
approval to; ”I’ll second that motion”; ”I can’t back this plan”;
”endorse a new project”)
adj –1. (108) second, 2nd, 2d – (coming next after the first in
position in space or time or degree or magnitude)
adv –. (9) second, secondly – (in the second place; ”second, we must
consider the economy”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 40 / 51
short
noun –1. (3) short – (the location on a baseball field where the
shortstop is stationed)
verb –1. short-change, short – (cheat someone by not returning him
enough money)
adj –1. (43) short – (primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or
seeming to be limited in duration; ”a short life”; ”a short flight”; ”a
short holiday”; ”a short story”; ”only a few short months”)
adv –1. (1) abruptly, suddenly, short, dead – (quickly and without
warning; ”he stopped suddenly”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 41 / 51
solo
noun –1. (1) solo – (any activity that is performed alone without
assistance)
verb –1. solo – (fly alone, without a co-pilot or passengers)
adj –. solo – (composed or performed by a single voice or instrument;
”a passage for solo clarinet”)
adv –. alone, solo, unaccompanied – (without anybody else or
anything else; ”the child stayed home alone”; ”the pillar stood alone,
supporting nothing”; ”he flew solo”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 42 / 51
square
noun –1. (23) square, foursquare – ((geometry) a plane rectangle
with four equal sides and four right angles; a four-sided regular
polygon; ”you can compute the area of a square if you know the
length of its sides”)
verb –1. (4) square, square up – (make square; ”Square the circle”;
”square the wood with a file”)
adj –1. (7) square – (having four equal sides and four right angles or
forming a right angle; ”a square peg in a round hole”; ”a square
corner”)
adv –1. (2) squarely, square – (in a straight direct way; ”looked him
squarely in the eye”; ”ran square into me”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 43 / 51
steady
noun –. sweetheart, sweetie, steady, truelove – (a person loved by
another person)
verb –1. (2) steady, calm, becalm – (make steady; ”steady yourself”)
adj –1. (11) steady – (not subject to change or variation especially in
behavior; ”a steady beat”; ”a steady job”; ”a steady breeze”; ”a
steady increase”; ”a good steady ballplayer”)
adv –. steadily, steady – (in a steady manner; ”he could still walk
steadily”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 44 / 51
still
noun –1. (2) still – (a static photograph (especially one taken from a
movie and used for advertising purposes); ”he wanted some stills for a
magazine ad”)
verb –1. (1) calm, calm down, quiet, tranquilize, tranquillize,
tranquillise, quieten, lull, still – (make calm or still; ”quiet the
dragons of worry and fear”)
adj –1. (16) inactive, motionless, static, still – (not in physical
motion; ”the inertia of an object at rest”)
adv –1. (233) still – (with reference to action or condition; without
change, interruption, or cessation; ”it’s still warm outside”; ”will you
still love me when we’re old and grey?”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 45 / 51
tiptoe
noun –. tiptoe – (the tip of a toe)
verb –. (1) tiptoe, tip, tippytoe – (walk on one’s toes)
adj –. tiptoe – (walking on the tips of ones’s toes so as to make no
noise; ”moving with tiptoe steps”)
adv –. (1) tiptoe – (on tiptoe or as if on tiptoe; ”standing tiptoe”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 46 / 51
true
noun –. true – (proper alignment; the property possessed by
something that is in correct or proper alignment; ”out of true”)
verb –. true, true up – (make level, square, balanced, or concentric;
”true up the cylinder of an engine”)
adj –1. (83) true – (consistent with fact or reality; not false; ”the
story is true”; ”it is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is
no ground whatever for supposing it true”- B. Russell; ”the true
meaning of the statement”)
adv –. (2) true, admittedly, avowedly, confessedly – (as
acknowledged; ”true, she is the smartest in her class”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 47 / 51
well
noun –1. (8) well – (a deep hole or shaft dug or drilled to obtain
water or oil or gas or brine)
verb –. (3) well, swell – (come up, as of a liquid; ”Tears well in her
eyes”; ”the currents well up”)
adj –1. (4) well – (in good health especially after having suffered
illness or injury; ”appears to be entirely well”; ”the wound is nearly
well”; ”a well man”; ”I think I’m well; at least I feel well”)
adv –1. (76) well, good – ((often used as a combining form) in a
good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (‘good’ is
a nonstandard dialectal variant for ‘well’); ”the children behaved
well”; ”a task well done”; ”the party went well”; ”he slept well”; ”a
well-argued thesis”; ”a well-seasoned dish”; ”a well-planned party”;
”the baby can walk pretty good”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 48 / 51
wholesale
noun –. wholesale – (the selling of goods to merchants; usually in
large quantities for resale to consumers)
verb –. wholesale – (sell in large quantities)
adj –. sweeping, wholesale – (ignoring distinctions; ”sweeping
generalizations”; ”wholesale destruction”)
adv –1. wholesale – (at a wholesale price; ”I can sell it to you
wholesale”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 49 / 51
wrong
noun –1. (3) wrong, wrongfulness – (that which is contrary to the
principles of justice or law; ”he feels that you are in the wrong”)
verb –. (1) wrong – (treat unjustly; do wrong to)
adj –1. (15) incorrect, wrong – (not correct; not in conformity with
fact or truth; ”an incorrect calculation”; ”the report in the paper is
wrong”; ”your information is wrong”; ”the clock showed the wrong
time”; ”found themselves on the wrong road”; ”based on the wrong
assumptions”)
adv –. (1) incorrectly, wrongly, wrong – (in an inaccurate manner;
”he decided to reveal the details only after other sources had reported
them incorrectly”; ”she guessed wrong”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 50 / 51
zigzag
noun –. zigzag, zig, zag – (an angular shape characterized by sharp
turns in alternating directions)
verb –. (2) zigzag, crank – (travel along a zigzag path; ”The river
zigzags through the countryside”)
adj –. zigzag, zig-zag – (having short sharp turns or angles)
adv –. zigzag – (in a zigzag course or on a zigzag path; ”birds flew
zigzag across the blue sky”)
Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb
August 5, 2011 51 / 51

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nava-tmp.pdf

  • 1. Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb Andrew Ernest Ritz Langtech August 5, 2011 Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 1 / 51
  • 2. Introduction Words classifiable in four different ways as either a noun, adjective, verb or adverb, are very useful when trying to understand the semantic relationships that exist between words and are defined in Wordnet. Wordnet is a free lexical database of English available from Stanford University. The main semantic relationships defined between words are Synonymy/Antonymy Hypernymy/Hyponymy, Meronymy/Holonymy Troponymy Entailment Why not download Wordnet and type in one of the words listed in this presentation and explore these relationships. Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 2 / 51
  • 3. best noun –1. (6) best – (the supreme effort one can make; ”they did their best”) verb –. (1) outdo, outflank, trump, best, scoop – (get the better of; ”the goal was to best the competition”) adj –1. (94) best – ((superlative of ‘good’) having the most positive qualities; ”the best film of the year”; ”the best solution”; ”the best time for planting”; ”wore his best suit”) adv –1. (14) best – (in a most excellent way or manner; ”he played best after a couple of martinis”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 3 / 51
  • 4. better noun –1. (1) better – (something superior in quality or condition or effect; ”a change for the better”) verb –1. (1) better, break – (surpass in excellence; ”She bettered her own record”; ”break a record”) adj –1. (69) better – ((comparative of ‘good’) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another; ”You’re a better man than I am, Gunga Din”; ”a better coat”; ”a better type of car”; ”a suit with a better fit”; ”a better chance of success”; ”produced a better mousetrap”; ”she’s better in math than in history”) adv –1. (45) better – (comparative of ‘well’; in a better or more excellent manner or more advantageously or attractively or to a greater degree etc.; ”She had never sung better”; ”a deed better left undone”; ”better suited to the job”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 4 / 51
  • 5. bitter noun –1. bitter – (English term for a dry sharp-tasting ale with strong flavor of hops (usually on draft)) verb –. bitter – (make bitter) adj –1. (12) acrimonious, bitter – (marked by strong resentment or cynicism; ”an acrimonious dispute”; ”bitter about the divorce”) adv –. piercingly, bitterly, bitingly, bitter – (extremely and sharply; ”it was bitterly cold”; ”bitter cold”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 5 / 51
  • 6. broadside noun –1. (1) circular, handbill, bill, broadside, broadsheet, flier, flyer, throwaway – (an advertisement (usually printed on a page or in a leaflet) intended for wide distribution; ”he mailed the circular to all subscribers”) verb –. broadside – (collide with the broad side of; ”her car broad-sided mine”) adj –. broadside – (toward a full side; ”a broadside attack”) adv –. broadside – (with a side facing an object; ”the train hit the truck broadside”; ”the wave caught the canoe broadside and capsized it”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 6 / 51
  • 7. clean noun –. (1) clean and jerk, clean – (a weightlift in which the barbell is lifted to shoulder height and then jerked overhead) verb –1. (16) clean, make clean – (make clean by removing dirt, filth, or unwanted substances from; ”Clean the stove!”; ”The dentist cleaned my teeth”) adj –1. (17) clean – (free from dirt or impurities; or having clean habits; ”children with clean shining faces”; ”clean white shirts”; ”clean dishes”; ”a spotlessly clean house”; ”cats are clean animals”) adv –1. (1) clean, plumb, plum – (completely; used as intensifiers; ”clean forgot the appointment”; ”I’m plumb (or plum) tuckered out”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 7 / 51
  • 8. clear noun –1. clear – (the state of being free of suspicion; ”investigation showed that he was in the clear”) verb –1. (16) unclutter, clear – (rid of obstructions; ”Clear your desk”) adj –1. (55) clear – (readily apparent to the mind; ”a clear and present danger”; ”a clear explanation”; ”a clear case of murder”; ”a clear indication that she was angry”; ”gave us a clear idea of human nature”) adv –1. (3) clear, all the way – (completely; ”read the book clear to the end”; ”slept clear through the night”; ”there were open fields clear to the horizon”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 8 / 51
  • 9. close noun –1. (8) stopping point, finale, finis, finish, last, conclusion, close – (the temporal end; the concluding time; ”the stopping point of each round was signaled by a bell”; ”the market was up at the finish”; ”they were playing better at the close of the season”) verb –1. (32) close, shut – (move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut; ”Close the door”; ”shut the window”) adj –1. (38) close – (at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other; ”close to noon”; ”how close are we to town?”; ”a close formation of ships”) adv –1. (17) near, nigh, close – (near in time or place or relationship; ”as the wedding day drew near”; ”stood near the door”; ”don’t shoot until they come near”; ”getting near to the true explanation”; ”her mother is always near”; ”The end draws nigh”; ”the bullet didn’t come close”; ”don’t get too close to the fire”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 9 / 51
  • 10. cod noun –1. pod, cod, seedcase – (the vessel that contains the seeds of a plant (not the seeds themselves)) verb –1. gull, dupe, slang, befool, cod, fool, put on, take in, put one over, put one across – (fool or hoax; ”The immigrant was duped because he trusted everyone”; ”You can’t fool me!”) adj –. collect, cod – (payable by the recipient on delivery; ”a collect call”; ”the letter came collect”; ”a COD parcel”) adv –. C.O.D., COD, cash on delivery – (collecting the charges upon delivery; ”mail a package C.O.D.”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 10 / 51
  • 11. collect noun –. collect – (a short prayer generally preceding the lesson in the Church of Rome or the Church of England) verb –1. (16) roll up, collect, accumulate, pile up, amass, compile, hoard – (get or gather together; ”I am accumulating evidence for the man’s unfaithfulness to his wife”; ”She is amassing a lot of data for her thesis”; ”She rolled up a small fortune”) adj –. collect, cod – (payable by the recipient on delivery; ”a collect call”; ”the letter came collect”; ”a COD parcel”) adv –. collect – (make a telephone call or mail a package so that the recipient pays; ”call collect”; ”send a package collect”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 11 / 51
  • 12. counter noun –1. (3) counter – (table consisting of a horizontal surface over which business is transacted) verb –1. (2) counter – (speak in response; ”He countered with some very persuasive arguments”) adj –. (2) antagonistic, counter – (indicating opposition or resistance) adv –. (1) counter – (in the opposite direction; ”run counter”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 12 / 51
  • 13. crisscross noun –. crisscross, cross, mark – (a marking that consists of lines that cross each other) verb –1. (1) crisscross – (cross in a pattern, often random) adj –. crisscross, crisscrossed – (marked with crossing lines) adv –. crisscross – (crossing one another in opposite directions) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 13 / 51
  • 14. damn noun –. (1) damn, darn, hoot, red cent, shit, shucks, tinker’s damn, tinker’s dam – (something of little value; ”his promise is not worth a damn”; ”not worth one red cent”; ”not worth shucks”) verb –. (7) curse, beshrew, damn, bedamn, anathemize, anathemise, imprecate, maledict – (wish harm upon; invoke evil upon; ”The bad witch cursed the child”) adj –1. (19) damn, goddamn – (used as expletives; ”oh, damn (or goddamn)!”) adv –. (2) bloody, damn, all-fired – (extremely; ”you are bloody right”; ”Why are you so all-fired aggressive?”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 14 / 51
  • 15. double noun –1. (12) double, two-base hit, two-bagger, two-baser – (a base hit on which the batter stops safely at second base; ”he hit a double to deep centerfield”) verb –1. (12) double, duplicate – (increase twofold; ”The population doubled within 50 years”) adj –1. (5) double, dual, twofold, two-fold, treble, threefold, three-fold – (having more than one decidedly dissimilar aspects or qualities; ”a double (or dual) role for an actor”; ”the office of a clergyman is twofold; public preaching and private influence”- R.W.Emerson; ”every episode has its double and treble meaning”-Frederick Harrison) adv –1. double – (downward and forward; ”he was bent double with pain”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 15 / 51
  • 16. down noun –1. (1) down, down feather – (soft fine feathers) verb –1. (3) toss off, pop, bolt down, belt down, pour down, down, drink down, kill – (drink down entirely; ”He downed three martinis before dinner”; ”She killed a bottle of brandy that night”; ”They popped a few beer after work”) adj –1. (9) down – (being or moving lower in position or less in some value; ”lay face down”; ”the moon is down”; ”our team is down by a run”; ”down by a pawn”; ”the stock market is down today”) adv –1. (98) down, downwards, downward, downwardly – (spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position; ”don’t fall down”; ”rode the lift up and skied down”; ”prices plunged downward”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 16 / 51
  • 17. express noun –1. express, express mail – (mail that is distributed by a rapid and efficient system) verb –1. (59) express, show, evince – (give expression to; ”She showed her disappointment”) adj –1. (1) express – (not tacit or implied; ”her express wish”) adv –. (1) express – (by express; ”please send the letter express”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 17 / 51
  • 18. fair noun –1. (1) carnival, fair, funfair – (a traveling show; having sideshows and rides and games of skill etc.) verb –. (1) fair – (join so that the external surfaces blend smoothly) adj –1. (10) fair, just – (free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules; ”a fair referee”; ”fair deal”; ”on a fair footing”; ”a fair fight”; ”by fair means or foul”) adv –1. fairly, fair, clean – (in conformity with the rules or laws and without fraud or cheating; ”they played fairly”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 18 / 51
  • 19. fast noun –. (1) fast, fasting – (abstaining from food) verb –1. fast – (abstain from certain foods, as for religious or medical reasons; ”Catholics sometimes fast during Lent”) adj –1. (18) fast – (acting or moving or capable of acting or moving quickly; ”fast film”; ”on the fast track in school”; ”set a fast pace”; ”a fast car”) adv –1. (16) fast – (quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form); ”how fast can he get here?”; ”ran as fast as he could”; ”needs medical help fast”; ”fast-running rivers”; ”fast-breaking news”; ”fast-opening (or fast-closing) shutters”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 19 / 51
  • 20. fine noun –. fine, mulct, amercement – (money extracted as a penalty) verb –. ticket, fine – (issue a ticket or a fine to as a penalty; ”I was fined for parking on the wrong side of the street”; ”Move your car or else you will be ticketed!”) adj –1. (4) all right, fine, o.k., ok, okay, hunky-dory – (being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition; ”an all-right movie”; ”the passengers were shaken up but are all right”; ”is everything all right?”; ”everything’s fine”; ”things are okay”; ”dinner and the movies had been fine”; ”another minute I’d have been fine”) adv –1. (3) very well, fine, alright, all right, OK – (an expression of agreement normally occurring at the beginning of a sentence) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 20 / 51
  • 21. firm noun –. (26) firm, house, business firm – (the members of a business organization that owns or operates one or more establishments; ”he worked for a brokerage house”) verb –1. tauten, firm – (become taut or tauter; ”Your muscles will firm when you exercise regularly”; ”the rope tautened”) adj –1. (12) firm, steadfast, steady, stiff, unbendable, unfaltering, unshakable, unwavering – (marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable; ”firm convictions”; ”a firm mouth”; ”steadfast resolve”; ”a man of unbendable perseverence”; ”unwavering loyalty”) adv –. (1) firm, firmly, steadfastly, unwaveringly – (with resolute determination; ”we firmly believed it”; ”you must stand firm”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 21 / 51
  • 22. flush noun –1. (1) flower, prime, peak, heyday, bloom, blossom, efflorescence, flush – (the period of greatest prosperity or productivity) verb –1. (3) blush, crimson, flush, redden – (turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame; ”The girl blushed when a young man whistled as she walked by”) adj –1. (1) flush – (of a surface exactly even with an adjoining one, forming the same plane; ”a door flush with the wall”; ”the bottom of the window is flush with the floor”) adv –1. (2) flush – (squarely or solidly; ”hit him flush in the face”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 22 / 51
  • 23. forward noun –1. forward – (the person who plays the position of forward in certain games, such as basketball, soccer, or hockey) verb –. (3) forward, send on – (send or ship onward from an intermediate post or station in transit; ”forward my mail”) adj –1. (8) forward – (at or near or directed toward the front; ”the forward section of the aircraft”; ”a forward plunge down the stairs”; ”forward motion”) adv –1. (53) forward, forwards, frontward, frontwards, forrad, forrard – (at or to or toward the front; ”he faced forward”; ”step forward”; ”she practiced sewing backward as well as frontward on her new sewing machine”; (‘forrad’ and ‘forrard’ are dialectal variations)) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 23 / 51
  • 24. free noun –. free, free people – (people who are free; ”the home of the free and the brave”) verb –1. (6) free, liberate, release, unloose, unloosen, loose – (grant freedom to; free from confinement) adj –1. (38) free – (able to act at will; not hampered; not under compulsion or restraint; ”free enterprise”; ”a free port”; ”a free country”; ”I have an hour free”; ”free will”; ”free of racism”; ”feel free to stay as long as you wish”; ”a free choice”) adv –. loose, free – (without restraint; ”cows in India are running loose”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 24 / 51
  • 25. home noun –1. (55) home, place – (where you live at a particular time; ”deliver the package to my home”; ”he doesn’t have a home to go to”; ”your place or mine?”) verb –1. home – (provide with, or send to, a home) adj –1. (7) home – (used of your own ground; ”a home game”) adv –1. (59) home – (at or to or in the direction of one’s home or family; ”He stays home on weekends”; ”after the game the children brought friends home for supper”; ”I’ll be home tomorrow”; ”came riding home in style”; ”I hope you will come home for Christmas”; ”I’ll take her home”; ”don’t forget to write home”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 25 / 51
  • 26. jolly noun –1. jolly – (a happy party) verb –. kid, chaff, jolly, josh, banter – (be silly or tease one another; ”After we relaxed, we just kidded around”) adj –. (2) gay, jocund, jolly, jovial, merry, mirthful – (full of or showing high-spirited merriment; ”when hearts were young and gay”; ”a poet could not but be gay, in such a jocund company”- Wordsworth; ”the jolly crowd at the reunion”; ”jolly old Saint Nick”; ”a jovial old gentleman”; ”have a merry Christmas”; ”peals of merry laughter”; ”a mirthful laugh”) adv –. reasonably, moderately, pretty, jolly, somewhat, fairly, middling, passably – (to a moderately sufficient extent or degree; ”pretty big”; ”pretty bad”; ”jolly decent of him”; ”the shoes are priced reasonably”; ”he is fairly clever with computers”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 26 / 51
  • 27. last noun –1. (3) stopping point, finale, finis, finish, last, conclusion, close – (the temporal end; the concluding time; ”the stopping point of each round was signaled by a bell”; ”the market was up at the finish”; ”they were playing better at the close of the season”) verb –1. (19) last, endure – (persist for a specified period of time; ”The bad weather lasted for three days”) adj –1. (109) last – (immediately past; ”last Thursday”; ”the last chapter we read”) adv –1. (4) last – (most recently; ”I saw him last in London”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 27 / 51
  • 28. light noun –1. (46) light, visible light, visible radiation – ((physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation; ”the light was filtered through a soft glass window”) verb –1. (12) light, illume, illumine, light up, illuminate – (make lighter or brighter; ”This lamp lightens the room a bit”) adj –1. (14) light – (of comparatively little physical weight or density; ”a light load”; ”magnesium is a light metal–having a specific gravity of 1.74 at 20 degrees C”) adv –. lightly, light – (with few burdens; ”experienced travellers travel light”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 28 / 51
  • 29. low noun –1. low, depression – (an air mass of lower pressure; often brings precipitation; ”a low moved in over night bringing sleet and snow”) verb –. moo, low – (make a low noise, characteristic of bovines) adj –1. (55) low – (less than normal in degree or intensity or amount; ”low prices”; ”the reservoir is low”) adv –. (3) low – (in a low position; near the ground; ”the branches hung low”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 29 / 51
  • 30. okay noun –. O.K., OK, okay, okey, okeh – (an endorsement; ”they gave us the O.K. to go ahead”) verb –. approve, O.K., okay, sanction – (give sanction to; ”I approve of his educational policies”) adj –. (2) all right, fine, o.k., ok, okay, hunky-dory – (being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition; ”an all-right movie”; ”the passengers were shaken up but are all right”; ”is everything all right?”; ”everything’s fine”; ”things are okay”; ”dinner and the movies had been fine”; ”another minute I’d have been fine”) adv –. okay, O.K., all right, alright – (in a satisfactory or adequate manner; ”she’ll do okay on her own”; ”held up all right under pressure”; (‘alright’ is a nonstandard variant of ‘all right’)) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 30 / 51
  • 31. out noun –. out – ((baseball) a failure by a batter or runner to reach a base safely in baseball; ”you only get 3 outs per inning”) verb –1. come out of the closet, out, come out – (to state openly and publicly one’s homosexuality; ”This actor outed last year”) adj –1. (3) out – (not allowed to continue to bat or run; ”he was tagged out at second on a close play”; ”he fanned out”) adv –1. (5) out – (away from home; ”they went out last night”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 31 / 51
  • 32. pat noun –1. pat, rap, tap – (the sound made by a gentle blow) verb –1. (11) chuck, pat – (pat or squeeze fondly or playfully, especially under the chin) adj –1. glib, pat, slick – (having only superficial plausibility; ”glib promises”; ”a slick commercial”) adv –. pat – (completely or perfectly; ”he has the lesson pat”; ”had the system down pat”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 32 / 51
  • 33. plumb noun –. plumb bob, plumb, plummet – (the metal bob of a plumb line) verb –1. (1) plumb – (measure the depth of something) adj –. plumb – (exactly vertical; ”the tower of Pisa is far out of plumb”) adv –1. (2) clean, plumb, plum – (completely; used as intensifiers; ”clean forgot the appointment”; ”I’m plumb (or plum) tuckered out”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 33 / 51
  • 34. plump noun –. plump – (the sound of a sudden heavy fall) verb –1. plummet, plump – (drop sharply; ”The stock market plummeted”) adj –. (2) chubby, embonpoint, plump – (sufficiently fat so as to have a pleasing fullness of figure; ”a chubby child”; ”pleasingly plump”;) adv –. plump – (straight down especially heavily or abruptly; ”the anchor fell plump into the sea”; ”we dropped the rock plump into the water”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 34 / 51
  • 35. pop noun –1. (1) dad, dada, daddy, pa, papa, pappa, pop – (an informal term for a father; probably derived from baby talk) verb –1. (3) start, protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out, come out – (bulge outward; ”His eyes popped”) adj –. popular, pop – ((of music or art) new and of general appeal (especially among young people)) adv –. pop – (like a pop or with a pop; ”everything went pop”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 35 / 51
  • 36. quiet noun –1. (1) lull, quiet – (a period of calm weather; ”there was a lull in the storm”) verb –1. (1) quieten, hush, quiet, quiesce, quiet down, pipe down – (become quiet or quieter; ”The audience fell silent when the speaker entered”) adj –1. (13) quiet – (characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity; ”a quiet life”; ”a quiet throng of onlookers”; ”quiet peace-loving people”; ”the factions remained quiet for almost 10 years”) adv –. (1) quietly, quiet – (with little or no activity or no agitation (‘quiet’ is a nonstandard variant for ‘quietly’); ”her hands rested quietly in her lap”; ”the rock star was quietly led out the back door”; ”sit here as quiet as you can”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 36 / 51
  • 37. right noun –1. (41) right – (an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature; ”they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights”; ”Certain rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in the hands of the people”- Eleanor Roosevelt; ”a right is not something that somebody gives you; it is something that nobody can take away”) verb –1. right, compensate, redress, correct – (make reparations or amends for; ”right a wrongs done to the victims of the Holocaust”) adj –1. (20) right – (being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the east when facing north; ”my right hand”; ”right center field”; ”a right-hand turn”; ”the right bank of a river is the bank on your right side when you are facing downstream”) adv –1. (17) right – (precisely, exactly; ”stand right here!”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 37 / 51
  • 38. rough noun –. rough – (the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short) verb –. (1) rough in, rough, rough out – (prepare in preliminary or sketchy form) adj –1. (13) rough, unsmooth – (having or caused by an irregular surface; ”trees with rough bark”; ”rough ground”; ”rough skin”; ”rough blankets”; ”his unsmooth face”) adv –1. (1) roughly, rough – (with roughness or violence (‘rough’ is an informal variant for ‘roughly’); ”he was pushed roughly aside”; ”they treated him rough”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 38 / 51
  • 39. round noun –1. (6) round, unit of ammunition, one shot – (a charge of ammunition for a single shot) verb –1. (3) round – (wind around; move along a circular course; ”round the bend”) adj –1. (12) round, circular – (having a circular shape) adv –. (3) round, around – (from beginning to end; throughout; ”It rains all year round on Skye”; ”frigid weather the year around”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 39 / 51
  • 40. second noun –1. (24) second, sec, s – (1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d’Unites) verb –1. second, back, endorse, indorse – (give support or one’s approval to; ”I’ll second that motion”; ”I can’t back this plan”; ”endorse a new project”) adj –1. (108) second, 2nd, 2d – (coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude) adv –. (9) second, secondly – (in the second place; ”second, we must consider the economy”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 40 / 51
  • 41. short noun –1. (3) short – (the location on a baseball field where the shortstop is stationed) verb –1. short-change, short – (cheat someone by not returning him enough money) adj –1. (43) short – (primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration; ”a short life”; ”a short flight”; ”a short holiday”; ”a short story”; ”only a few short months”) adv –1. (1) abruptly, suddenly, short, dead – (quickly and without warning; ”he stopped suddenly”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 41 / 51
  • 42. solo noun –1. (1) solo – (any activity that is performed alone without assistance) verb –1. solo – (fly alone, without a co-pilot or passengers) adj –. solo – (composed or performed by a single voice or instrument; ”a passage for solo clarinet”) adv –. alone, solo, unaccompanied – (without anybody else or anything else; ”the child stayed home alone”; ”the pillar stood alone, supporting nothing”; ”he flew solo”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 42 / 51
  • 43. square noun –1. (23) square, foursquare – ((geometry) a plane rectangle with four equal sides and four right angles; a four-sided regular polygon; ”you can compute the area of a square if you know the length of its sides”) verb –1. (4) square, square up – (make square; ”Square the circle”; ”square the wood with a file”) adj –1. (7) square – (having four equal sides and four right angles or forming a right angle; ”a square peg in a round hole”; ”a square corner”) adv –1. (2) squarely, square – (in a straight direct way; ”looked him squarely in the eye”; ”ran square into me”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 43 / 51
  • 44. steady noun –. sweetheart, sweetie, steady, truelove – (a person loved by another person) verb –1. (2) steady, calm, becalm – (make steady; ”steady yourself”) adj –1. (11) steady – (not subject to change or variation especially in behavior; ”a steady beat”; ”a steady job”; ”a steady breeze”; ”a steady increase”; ”a good steady ballplayer”) adv –. steadily, steady – (in a steady manner; ”he could still walk steadily”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 44 / 51
  • 45. still noun –1. (2) still – (a static photograph (especially one taken from a movie and used for advertising purposes); ”he wanted some stills for a magazine ad”) verb –1. (1) calm, calm down, quiet, tranquilize, tranquillize, tranquillise, quieten, lull, still – (make calm or still; ”quiet the dragons of worry and fear”) adj –1. (16) inactive, motionless, static, still – (not in physical motion; ”the inertia of an object at rest”) adv –1. (233) still – (with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation; ”it’s still warm outside”; ”will you still love me when we’re old and grey?”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 45 / 51
  • 46. tiptoe noun –. tiptoe – (the tip of a toe) verb –. (1) tiptoe, tip, tippytoe – (walk on one’s toes) adj –. tiptoe – (walking on the tips of ones’s toes so as to make no noise; ”moving with tiptoe steps”) adv –. (1) tiptoe – (on tiptoe or as if on tiptoe; ”standing tiptoe”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 46 / 51
  • 47. true noun –. true – (proper alignment; the property possessed by something that is in correct or proper alignment; ”out of true”) verb –. true, true up – (make level, square, balanced, or concentric; ”true up the cylinder of an engine”) adj –1. (83) true – (consistent with fact or reality; not false; ”the story is true”; ”it is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true”- B. Russell; ”the true meaning of the statement”) adv –. (2) true, admittedly, avowedly, confessedly – (as acknowledged; ”true, she is the smartest in her class”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 47 / 51
  • 48. well noun –1. (8) well – (a deep hole or shaft dug or drilled to obtain water or oil or gas or brine) verb –. (3) well, swell – (come up, as of a liquid; ”Tears well in her eyes”; ”the currents well up”) adj –1. (4) well – (in good health especially after having suffered illness or injury; ”appears to be entirely well”; ”the wound is nearly well”; ”a well man”; ”I think I’m well; at least I feel well”) adv –1. (76) well, good – ((often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (‘good’ is a nonstandard dialectal variant for ‘well’); ”the children behaved well”; ”a task well done”; ”the party went well”; ”he slept well”; ”a well-argued thesis”; ”a well-seasoned dish”; ”a well-planned party”; ”the baby can walk pretty good”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 48 / 51
  • 49. wholesale noun –. wholesale – (the selling of goods to merchants; usually in large quantities for resale to consumers) verb –. wholesale – (sell in large quantities) adj –. sweeping, wholesale – (ignoring distinctions; ”sweeping generalizations”; ”wholesale destruction”) adv –1. wholesale – (at a wholesale price; ”I can sell it to you wholesale”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 49 / 51
  • 50. wrong noun –1. (3) wrong, wrongfulness – (that which is contrary to the principles of justice or law; ”he feels that you are in the wrong”) verb –. (1) wrong – (treat unjustly; do wrong to) adj –1. (15) incorrect, wrong – (not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth; ”an incorrect calculation”; ”the report in the paper is wrong”; ”your information is wrong”; ”the clock showed the wrong time”; ”found themselves on the wrong road”; ”based on the wrong assumptions”) adv –. (1) incorrectly, wrongly, wrong – (in an inaccurate manner; ”he decided to reveal the details only after other sources had reported them incorrectly”; ”she guessed wrong”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 50 / 51
  • 51. zigzag noun –. zigzag, zig, zag – (an angular shape characterized by sharp turns in alternating directions) verb –. (2) zigzag, crank – (travel along a zigzag path; ”The river zigzags through the countryside”) adj –. zigzag, zig-zag – (having short sharp turns or angles) adv –. zigzag – (in a zigzag course or on a zigzag path; ”birds flew zigzag across the blue sky”) Andrew Ernest Ritz (Langtech) Words classifiable in 4 different ways as a Noun, Adjective, Verb and Adverb August 5, 2011 51 / 51