1. Idealism holds that reality is fundamentally spiritual or mental in nature, rather than material. The world has a spiritual order and individuals are part of a Universal Mind. 2. Knowledge comes from direct observation but is limited, and we interpret the world through conceptual constructs. Values are rooted in existence and relate individuals to the greater whole. 3. Religion is seen as a rational basis for spiritual experience. People experience God through self-consciousness, relationships, and the world. While God is immanent in the world and people, God also transcends individual limitations.

1. NATURALISM<br />PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS

2. Metaphysics

3. one substance as be-all and end-all of nature

4. nature as process rather than substance

5. Materialism-reducible to atom