This report summarizes a national study on the status of women in firefighting careers. Some key findings include: - Women make up only 3.7% of the 350,000 firefighters nationwide, and over 50% of departments still have no women. - The study recommends 17% as a realistic goal for women in firefighting based on percentages in other physically demanding jobs. - Women firefighters reported experiences of ill-fitting gear, lack of harassment complaint processes, isolation, and barriers to advancement. - Lasting improvement requires changing the culture through top leadership commitment, accountability, transparent HR processes, and sustained diversity training efforts over 3-5 years.