Filtration with working & maintance

1. BY:-
Muhammed Shoaib pathan

2. T N
INTRODUCTION OF FILTRATION
NEED FOR FILTRATION
PROCESSES OF FILTRATION
COMPARISION OF VARIOUS PROCESSES
OF FILTRATION
BENEFITS OF NANO FILTRATION
DISADVANTAGES OF NANOFILTRATION
HOW TO OVERCOME THE DEMERITS OF
NANO FILTRATION

3. MEMBRANE PROCESSES
Generally, there are
four types of
membrane processes,
Microfiltration.
Ultrafiltration.
Nanofiltration.
Reverse Osmosis.

4. plications of Micro- and Ultrafiltration:
Conventional water treatment (replace all
processes except disinfection).
Pretreat water for R.O and nanofiltration.
Iron/Manganese removal (after oxidation).
Applications of R.O. and nanofiltration:
R.O. application mostly desalination.
Nanofiltration first developed to remove
hardness.
Nanofltration can also be used to remove
pesticides.

5. ORY OF NANOFILTR O
During 1970s RO membranes with greater operating
pressures was developed.
This resulted in considerable increase in energy cost.
Thus, low-pressure RO membranes were developed
and came to be known as NF membranes.
By the second half of 1980s,NF became established.
Starting in early 1990s, it had became common and
various applications were found out.

6. NEED FOR NANOFILTRATION
Increasing demand of good quality water
due to increasing population.
Reducing the wastage and reuse of water.
Better reliability and durability of filter
membranes.
To reduce the overall cost of operation.

7. terials used in N r nes
• Different polymers used are polyethersulfone,
polysulfone, polyphenylsulfone,
polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride,
polyacrylonitriles, nylon, polypropylene, cellulose
acetate (CA), regenerated cellulose, and composites.
• Ceramic and cintered metals.
• carbon nanotubes.

8. Two types of membranes:
i.
ii.
Spiral membranes
Tubular membranes
But surface area of spiral membranes is greater than
that of tubular membranes and hence greater
capacity.

9. SPIRAL
MEMBRANE
: Cheapest,
more
sensitive to
pollution.

10. TUBULAR
MEMBRANE
Not easily
polluted

11. efits of Nanofiltration
Low cost of operation.
Low energy cost.
Lower discharge and less waste water than typical
Reverse Osmosis system.
Reduction of Heavy Metals (removes 95%).
Reduction of water hardness.
Reduction / Removal of viruses, bacteria and
Pesticides.

12. Reduction of Nitrates and Sulphides.
Reduction of the salt content (brackish water).
Chemical - Free filtration (No use of salt).
pH of the water can be altered for better health.
Ideal for municipal water supply, well water, river
and rain water.
Removes Iron, Lime and other problem causing
chemicals often neglected by water softeners.

13. stinct properties of Nanofiltration
The pore size of a NF membrane corresponds to a
molecular weight cut-off of 300-500g/mol. Hence,
separation of these components from higher
molecular weight components can be achieved.
Nanofiltration membranes have a slightly charged
surface. The dimensions of pores are close to
dimensions of ions and hence charge interaction takes
place. It can be used to separate ions with different
valences.

14. Va
1.
ppl
Industrial applications:
•
Food and dairy sector.
•
edible oil processing sector.
•
Petroleum industry.
•
Drug industry.
•
Paper pulp industry
2.
Water treatment.
3.
4.
Desalination of water.
Water softening.

15. Drawbacks of the process of Nanofiltration:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Membrane fouling.
Insufficient separation.
Treatment of concentrates.
Membrane lifetime and chemical resistance.
Insufficient rejection for individual components.

16. There are various ways to reduce the fouling
such as:
Periodic pulsing of feed.
Periodic pulsing filtrate (backwashing).
Increasing shear by rotating membrane.
Vibrating membrane.

17. ret atment.
Pretreatment of feed water greatly influences the
performance of NF installations.
The application of a pre-treatment has several
benefits:
Membranes have a longer life-span when pre-
treatment i performed.
The production time of the installation is
extended.
The management tasks become simpler.
The employment costs are lower.

18. SINCEPURIFIED WATER IS NECESSARYTO
EVERYONE,NOWOR THEN THE WORLD
SHOULDBE DEPENDENT ON NANO
TECHNOLOGY.THUSIT IS EVIDENTTHAT
NANOFILTRATIONWILLPLAY A VITAL ROLEIN
PROVIDINGA QUALITY,USABLEFORM OF
WATER INTHE FUTURE.