What are Oxidation Ponds ? Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae. What are Oxidation Ponds ? Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae. What are Oxidation Ponds ? Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae. What are Oxidation Ponds ? Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae. What are Oxidation Ponds ? Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae. What are Oxidation Ponds ? Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae. What are Oxidation Ponds ? Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae. What are Oxidation Ponds ? Oxidation Pond is an open, flow through earthen basin of controlled shape specially design and constructed to treat sewage and bio-degradable industrial waste by natural processes involving bacteria and in many instances algae.

1. Oxidation Ponds & Lagoons
Submitted to:-
Dr. Anju Malik
DEPT. OF EES.
Submitted by:-
Keshav kumar
Roll no. 07
Class :- M.Sc. (F)

2. Oxidation Ponds
What are Oxidation Ponds ?
Oxidation Pond is an open, flow
through earthen basin of controlled
shape specially design and constructed
to treat sewage and bio-degradable
industrial waste by natural processes
involving bacteria and in many
instances algae.

3. Types Of Oxidation ponds
 Aerobic Ponds
 Anaerobic Ponds
 Facultative Ponds
 Maturation or Tertiary Ponds

4. Applications
Type of Pond Applications
Aerobic Nutrient removal, treatment of soluble
organic waste & effluents from waste
water treatment plants.
Anaerobic Treatment of domestic and industrial
wastes.
Facultative Treatment of untreated screened waste
water and industrial wastes.

6. Light Energy from Sun
New Algal
Biomass
ALGAE
AEROBIC BACTERIA
AEROBIC
BACTERIA
New Bacterial
Biomass

7. Diurnal Variations in Aerobic Ponds
Diurnal variation in DO concentration
 Diurnal variation in pH
Extreme values of these, in either
direction may be detrimental to
microbial activity

8. Design Considerations
Parameter Value
Depth in mts. 0.15-.5
Retention time (day) 2-6
BODu loading( lb/acre-day) 80-90
BODu removal(%) 80-90
Algae concentration(mg/l) 100-200
Re-circulation ratio 0.2-2.0
Effluent suspended solids
concentration(mg/l)
150-350

9. Problems
Nuisance vegetation
Inhibitory temperatures
Oxygen retention Shock loads

10. Anaerobic decomposition
It take place in two separate but inter related
steps
1. Decomposition of dissolved organic
waste by acid producing bacteria to organic
acids (such as acetic propionic acid) and,
2. Further decomposition of these acids to
the end products of methane, carbon
dioxide and water by methane producing
bacteria.

11. Bacterial Cells
Bacterial Cells
Acid producing Bacteria
Methane producing
bacteria
H2O,CO2,CH4
Organic Wastes
H2O,CO2

12. Facultative Ponds
These are neither fully aerobic nor fully
anaerobic. They are often about 1 to 2 m in
depth and favor algal growth along with the
growth of aerobic, anaerobic and
facultative microorganisms. Such ponds
are predominantly aerobic during day light
as well as for some hours of the light. In the
few remaining hours the pond bottom may
turn anaerobic

13. Zones of facultative pond
1) Aerobic zone
2) Anaerobic zone
3) Facultative zone
The decomposition of incoming organic
waste and products of anaerobic
decomposition is done by facultative bacteria.

14. Maturation / Tertiary Ponds
These are similar to aerobic ponds but
are very lightly loaded with organic
wastes. Generally used for up grading
effluents from conventional
secondary treatment processes.

15. Reasons For Poor Performance
of Oxidation Pond
DO level in the pond during night & early
morning hours was almost zero.
BOD removal efficiency was only 50-58%
BOD loading rate was 91.20 kg/day as
compared to the design BOD of 81kg/day

16. LAGOONS
Lagoons are deep waste stabilization ponds –like
bodies of water or basins designed to receive,
hold , and treat wastewater for a predetermined
period of time by artificial means of aeration.
In the lagoon, wastewater is treated through a
combination of physical, biological, and
chemical processes.

17. TYPES OF LAGOONS
According to the microbial activity in the
aerated lagoons
 Aerobic aerated lagoons.
 Facultative aerated lagoons.

18. AEROBIC AERATED LAGOONS
 Dissolved oxygen is present throughout much of
the depth of aerobic lagoons.
 They tend to be much shallower than other
lagoons.
 They are better suited for warm, sunny climates,
where
 They are less likely to freeze.

19. HRT = 2 to 10 days
SS concentration between 60 to 300mg/l
The BOD removal is of order of 75 to 85%
Oxygenation requirement is of order of .7
to 1.3 kg per kg of BOD removed

20. Units of aerobic lagoon
1) The mechanical surface aerators so
that solids do not settle to bottom of
tank.
2) The other unit is settling tank for
removal of suspended solids .

21. FACULTATIVE AERATED
LAGOONS
Three types of zones are present
 Aerobic Zone.
 Anaerobic Zone.
 Facultative Zone.
HRT is higher than aerobic lagoons because
time requires for the solids to settle and for
many pathogens viruses to either die off or
settle out.

22. Facultative lagoons
 SS concentration is ranging from 30 to 150 mg/l
 Detentions time ranges from 3 to 5 days .
 BOD removal are of order 75 to 90%
 Oxygenation requirement is about .8 kg per kg
of BODs

24. Two, Three, or Four Lagoons Are
Better Than One
Each lagoon cell has a different function to perform ,and a
different kind of lagoon design may be used for each cell.
In Series In Parallel
When lagoons operate in
series, more of the solid
material in the waste water ,
such as algae, has an
opportunity to settle out
before the effluent is disposed
of.
This system design is
particularly useful in cold
climates or where lagoons are
covered with ice for parts of
the year.

25. Operation And Maintenance
For Aerobic Lagoons
 Any earthen structures used as impoundments must be
periodically inspected. If left unchecked, rodent damage
can cause severe weakening of lagoon embankments.
 In submerged diffused aeration, the routine application
of HC l gas in the system is used to dissolve accumulated
material on the diffuser units
 The use of submerged perforated tubing for diffused
aeration requires maintenance and cleaning on a routine
basis to maintain design aeration rates

26. Operation And Maintenance
For Facultative Lagoons
 Most facultative lagoons are designed to operate
by gravity flow . The system is not maintenance
intensive and power costs are minimal because
pumps and other electrically operated devices may
not be required . Earthen structures used as
impoundments must be inspected for rodent
damage.

27. Applicability
Type of Lagoon Application
Aerobic
Lagoon
Municipal and industrial wastewaters of low
to medium strength
Facultative
Lagoon
Treated raw, screened, or primary settled
municipal wastewater and biodegradable
industrial waste waters

28. Limitations
For Aerated Lagoons
 Aerated lagoons may experience ice formation on the
water surface during cold weather periods
 Reduced rates of biological activity also occur during
cold weather
 Formation of ice on Floating Aerators.
For facultative Lagoons
 The inability of the process to meet a 30 mg/L limit for
TSS due to the presence of algae in the effluent .
 Odors may be a problem in the spring and fall during
periods of excessive algal blooms and unfavorable
weather conditions

29. References:-
 www.oilgae.com/ref/glos/
 oxidation
 _
 ponds
 .html

 2.www.microbiologyprocedure.com

 3.www.eco-web.com/cat/2.5.html

 4.www.eco-web.com/cat/2.5.html

 5.www.mazzei.net/applications/waste water/odor.htm

 6.www.brighthub.com/engineering/civil/articles/50611.as px