2. 2
“Communication is the Process by which information is
transmitted between individuals and / or individuals, individuals
and / or organisations and / or organisations and organizations,
so that an understanding response results”.
2
3. 3
JAMES MOONEY
“Communication is the process of telling,
listening and understanding.”
3
4. 4
NEED FOR COMMUNICATION
•Increase in size of business firms.
•Multiple locations of business units.
•Technological Advancement [manage/ persuade to accept new Tech]
•Cut – throat communication [Advertising / Publicity]
•Trade Union movement [Healthy Relations]
•Human Relations
•Public Relations
•Personal Asset – for Speeches / Letters / Reports.
•For Teachers / Lawyers / Judges / Receptionists / Managers.
4
5. 5
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
1 Sender has an 8
Receiver
idea
9 sends
feedback
7
Sender Receiver
2
Encodes Channel Decodes
and 6
Medium
Sender
3 Transmits Receiver gets
message 5 message
4
5
6. Sender - Speaker, writer, actor, Teacher
6
Message - Something to be communicated
Encoding - Puts idea into words / symbols / Pictures /
gestures
Channel & Medium - (Time Table) Mail Loudspeaker
Lecture Letter Speech
Receiver - To whom it is directed
Decoding - Receiver attaches meaning
Feedback - Responds or Reacts – Final outcome
Manager - Work
Students - Nodding head – Encourages
Yawning - Discouraging
6
7. 7
1. To Give / receive information
2. To provide advice
3. To Provide Counseling
4. To Issue orders / Instructions
5. To Impart Education / Training
Contd....... 7
8. 8
6. To Give / Receive Suggestions
7. To persuade people
8. To Issue warnings / Notices :
9. To Improve Morale - Notices / Meetings / Bulletins to
prevent rumours.
10. To Motivate People - Praise / Appreciation
11. To improve discipline
8
14. 14
Seed / Direction
Truth
Feeling of Insecurity / Uncertainty
Feeling of lack of security
Formation of coterie (favoured group)
Types
1. Single chain
2. Gossip Chain
3. Probability Chain
4. Cluster Chain
14
16. 16
ADVANTAGES OF GRAPE VINE
Speedy – (Just between U & me)
Valuable feed back – (Factory shifting)
Support to Formal Channel (along with)
Psychological Satisfaction (Employees closer to one another)
DEMERITS
Misunderstanding
Incredible
Damage to organisation
Rumours / scandals
16
17. Types / Directions / Dimensions of 17
Communication
According to According to According to
Direction Structure Media
1. Formal 1. Verbal
1. Downward
2. Upward 2. Informal Oral Written
3. Horizontal
4. Diagonal / Cross
2. Non Verbal
17
19. 19
Non Verbal Communication
(Other than words – Pictures – Drawings – Sound etc.)
Sign Body Para Space Artifactul
language language language Surroundings Commu.
and Time
1 2 3 5
4
Audio Visual Sign Haptics Silence
sign or Aids
6
7
Poster – Movies
Buzzer – WM / Lift Drawing – Architect
Bell – School / College Chart – Co. report
Push Button Bell – Mgr. Map – Tourist
Siren – Factory / Air Raid Diagram – product
Hooters – Local Train Photographs – Tours
Whistles – Rly engine Cartoons – Vodaphone
Ambulance – Both Traffic light - Red / yellow / green
VIP vehicles – Red light
Ambulance – Blue Light 19
20. Non Verbal Communication Contd. 20
Sign Body Para Space Artifactul
language language language Surroundings Commu.
and Time
1 2 3 5
Or 4 Haptics Silence
Kinesics
6 7
Message conveyed by body movements are called body language. They are used or
interlinked with speaking or talking to express attitudes / moods / status / anger /
fear / sympathy / pity / love/ etc.
HEAD – straight – honour – self respect – confidence
Down – guilt – apology – modesty – boring
FACE – Index of mind / forehead / lips / cheek muscles
EYES – (Fixed eyes – concentration) (Raised eyes surprise / fear)
(Smiling eyes – happiness) (Long fixed gaze – interest)
(Evasive eyes – lack of interest)
(glowing face – thrill of happiness – friend )
POSTURE – Sitting erect / confidence – Bending – respect love
Bending sideways – recollecting
GESTURES – Movement Arms / legs / hands / heads 20
21. Non Verbal Communication Contd. 21
Space
Sign Body Artifactul
Surroundings
Language Language Communication
and Time
Haptics Silence
Para Language
Word Stress
Like language – To be used for conveying messages more effectively.
Did u go to your
1 Pitch variation 3 college today ?
High level 5 Have u seen this
Speaking Mangers My new book ?
Speed Low level low pitch 4 Have u read this
Angry person – Pause New syllabus
Easy parts fast
Difficult - slowly
high Pause at right Non fluencies
Cool - Low moment Space filters
Volume Variation To emphasize U- see, eh, ya,
Loudness speech the upcoming 6 Oh, what u call it
Size of audience 2 subject or gain you know, etc.
(20/75/100/150/300 students) attention 21
22. Non Verbal Communication Contd. 22
Sign Body Para Space Artifactul
language language language Surroundings Commu.
and Time
1 2 3 5
4 Haptics Silence
1 6 7
SPACE Intimate – 18 inches – family members / close friends
OR
PROXIMICS Personal – 18 inch to 4 ft. colleagues / visitors
Social – 4 ft to 12 ft – Formal / official bus communication
Public – more than 12 ft. Public address announcements
Speaker
22
23. Non Verbal Communication 23
(Other than words – Pictures – Drawings – Sound etc.)
Sign Body Para Space Artifactul
Surroundings Commu.
language language language
and Time
1 2 3 5
4 Haptics Silence
Artifactul Haptics Silence
6 7
Factors that form part Communication through Silence is more eloquent than
of one’s personality touch words
Clothing Touch reveals our perceptions / Charlie chaplins
Make-up needs / attitudes
Hairstyle Depends upon culture highly Silent movies are more effective
Polished shoes sensitive than modern films
Combed hair Silence – anger
Pen 1.Mothers touch to the child Silence – Disapproval
Cell-phone (Solace)
Watch 2.Touch – assures friend are Silence – Approval
(They reveal one’s age, assurance Silence – Pause Emphasis
educational, social and 3.Pat – Don’t worry – take easy
Silence – respect
Eco. Status and create 4.Cricket captain – Appreciation
impressions. They help to 5.Hands together – welcome Silence – fear
project a clean image) 6.With Bowed head fed –up
7.Holding hand – friendship
23
24. How can a message be conveyed more effectively through voice? 24
(5 marks)
Answer :
Voice is the most important element of para language. It plays an
important role in communication. It is the first tool of effective
communication. It conveys the message in a very effective way. A
message can be conveyed more effectively through voice by considering
the following points:
1. Variation of pitch :
Pitch means quality of sound. In order to break the monotony of the
speech, variation of pitch is essential. Variation of pitch is also
necessary to keep ,he listener interested in the speech which is the
very essence of communication.
2. Variation of volume :
Variation of volume puts life into one's speech. Variation of volume
should be done according to the size of audience. The volume should
be such which makes the speaker audible.
25. 25
3. Speed of speaking :
Different part of the message should be spoken at different speed.
Generally the part easily understandable can be spoken at a high
speed while parts difficult to understand should be spoken in a slow
speed. The speed thus should be such which ensures fluency.
4. Pause :
Pause is essential. One cannot go on speaking continuously. But a
pause should be used effectively. It should be used at right time which
not only give the speaker a time to breathe but also gains the
listener's attention.
5. Non-Fluencies :
Non-fluencies 'up' am, you know etc. if used carefully and sparingly
add to the fluency of the speaker, giving him time to breathe and
making the listener more.
26. "To Communicate the written word has several advantages over the 26
spoken word." Explain. (5 marks)
Written words has several added advantages over the spoken words :
(i) While written words provides a permanent record for future reference
and serves as a good guide for decision making and planning in future,
spoken words on the other hand may be forgotten over a period of time.
(ii) Written messages can be read and re-read again and again. Thus it is
likely to be understood better. However oral messages are more likely to
be misunderstood. The speaker due to his poor vocal expressions, may
not be able to make himself clear and the listener may also be in-
attentive.
(iii) People are more precise and clear cut when they write rather when they
speak. This is because written communication is normally penned down
after proper planning. While in oral communication very often, the exact
message to be conveyed is lost in a mass of words.
(iv) Oral messages often gets distorted. This is more so in case of lengthy
messages which when communicated through various level of hierarchy.
Distortation of messages usually does not "take place in case where
messages are conveyed through written words.
27. State reasons for selecting the oral mode of communication instead of the 27
written mode of communication. (4 marks)
Answer :
Oral communication means communication through words spoken i.e. by
speech :-- In oral communication, both the parties to the process, i.e.
sender and receiver, exchange their ideas through oral words either in
face to face communication or through any mechanical or electrical
device, such as telephone etc. In this system person can exchange their
feelings fully and clarification regarding any doubt or ambiguity may be
sought. Oral communication is preferred by rank and file employees as
well as supervisors and managers, as they enjoy the opportunity to ask
questions and to participate.
Advantages :
1. Economical :
Oral communication is relatively less expensive. It saves the money
spent on stationery in an organisation.
2. Time saver :
Oral communication is fast. It saves the time involved in writing the
message.
28. 28
3. Flexible :
Oral communication is very flexible in sense it provides an opportunity
to the speaker to correct himself and make himself clear by changing
his voice, pitch, tone etc.
4. Quick response :
Oral communication is also helpful in getting quicker response from
the receiver. The speaker gets immediate response from the receiver.
It thus provides immediate feedback to both sender and receiver.
5. Personal touch :
Oral communication is personal in nature. It is this nature that brings
superiors and subordinates closer. It is also an effective tool of
persuasion.
6. Maintains secrecy :
Oral communication has an added advantage of maintaining secrecy.
Oral messages can be more easily kept confidential than written
messages.
7. Group communication :
Oral communication is an effective tool for communicating with the
groups at large. Group reactions can also be interoperated
immediately to arrive at reasonable conclusions.
29. 29
Oral communication means communication through words spoken i.e.
by speech :—
In oral communication, both the parties to the process, i.e. sender and
receiver, exchange their ideas through oral words either in face to face
communication or through any mechanical or electrical device, such as
telephone etc. In this system person can exchange their feelings fully
and clarification regarding any doubt or ambiguity may be sought. Oral
communication is preferred by rank and file employees as well as
supervisors and managers, as they enjoy the opportunity to ask
questions and to participate.
29
30. 30
Advantages :
1. Economical : Oral communication is relatively less expensive. It
saves the money spent on stationery in an organisation.
2. Time saver : Oral communication is fast. It saves the time involved in
writing the message.
3. Flexible : Oral communication is very flexible in sense it provides an
opportunity to the speaker to correct himself and make himself clear
by changing his voice, pitch, tone etc.
4. Quick response : Oral communication is also helpful in getting
quicker response from the receiver. The speaker gets immediate
response from the receiver. It thus provides immediate feedback to
both sender and receiver.
30
31. 31
5. Personal touch : Oral communication is personal in nature. It is
this nature that brings superiors and subordinates closer. It is
also an effective tool of persuasion.
6. Maintains secrecy : Oral communication has an added
advantage of maintaining secrecy. Oral messages can be
more easily kept confidential than written messages.
7. Group communication : Oral communication is an effective tool
for communicating with the groups at large. Group reactions
can also be interpreted immediately to arrive at reasonable
conclusions.
31
32. Disadvantages/Limitations 32
1. Time Consuming : Oral communication may not be time saver
always. Many a times it is seen that meetings continue for a long
time without arriving at any satisfactory conclusion.
2. Poor retention : Oral communication is more likely to be forgotten.
The listener cannot always retain oral messages in his memory for
long. Sometimes even the speaker may not remember what he
actually said.
3. Not suitable for lengthy messages : Very often oral communication
gets distorted. This is more so in case of lengthy messages when
communicated through various level of hierarchy.
4. No record : No permanent record is kept in case of oral
communication. In the absence of record, oral massages have no
legal validity.
32
33. 33
5. Misunderstood : In oral communication, much depends upon the
tone, pitch, voice etc. The speaker, due to his poor vocal expression.
may not be able to make himself clear and the listener may also be
in attentive. Thus the message may be misunderstocd.
6. Not precise : Oral communication is not precise and to the point.
People are more precise when they write rather when they speak.
Very often, the exact message to be conveyed is lost in a mass of
words.
33
34. 34
Advantages :
1. Permanent Record : Written communication provides a permanent
record for future reference and serves as a good guide for decision
making and planning in future.
2. Precise and Accurate : The writer tries to organise his ideas logically
before penning them down. As a result written communication
tends to be more accurate, precise and reliable.
3. Legal evidence : Written messages provide a permanent record and
as such are used as legal evidence in a court of law. Written records
are more reliable and acceptable as documentary proof.
34
35. 35
4. Wide coverage : Written communication has the widest possible
coverage. It is perhaps the only means of communication when the
sender and the receiver are separated by long distances.
5. Easy to Understand : Written messages can be read and re-read
again and again. Thus it is likely to be understood better.
6. Suitable for lengthy messages : Lengthy messages loose their
authenticity in oral communication. Written communication is thus
very suitable for transmitting lengthy messages.
7. Aids control : Written communication encourages deliberation,
permits editing and review, helps to prevent distortion and
consequent mis-understandings.
35
36. 36
Disadvantages/Limitations :
1. Time consuming : Written communication is not suitable when the
message is to be sent immediately. It is time consuming event which
requires time in not only sending it but also in putting the message
in writing.
2. Rigid : Written communication is rigid and lacks flexibility. The
doubts and queries cannot be clarified immediately.
3. Costly : Written communication is a bit more expensive than oral
communication. It costs a lot in terms of stationery, postage and
typing costs.
4. Lack of secrecy : It is difficult to maintain secrecy in written
communication.
36
37. 37
5. Delayed feedback : Written communication is mostly handicapped
by its inability to get immediate feedback. The sender of the
message is not able to judge the response of the receiver from his
facial expression.
6. Increases the workload : Written communication creates mountains
of paper cluttered around the premises of the organisation. The staff
has a tough time in managing it very often valuable papers are lost.
Therefore staff/managers have to be extra careful about the papers.
37
38. 38
Advantages :
1. Para language aids the verbal communication. Verbal
communication is incomplete without para- language.
2. One can very easily judge the speakers background both
educational and cultural from the way he speaks.
3. Para language also indicates the speakers position in the
hierarchical structure of the organisation.
4. Para language is also helpful in dealing with a particular person.
5. Para language is not rigid and one can improve it by observing and
listening the good speakers.
38
39. 39
Disadvantages
1. Para language cannot be fully relied upon as it is only a like
language.
2. Listener has to be open minded otherwise the para language may
prejudice him.
3. Para language can thus be misleading or misguiding.
4. It requires extra care to get the exact content of the language.
5. Due to speakers belonging to different speech community it is
difficult to achieve uniformity.
39
40. 40
Time Language is another type of non verbal
communication. Under it people communicate with each
other in terms of time by showing them in a sophisticated
way, the worth of time. Time pervades our thinking and
dominates our communication. All communication is meant
to be suitably timed. Time management is now one of the
most important part of overall management.
40
41. State the major limitations of Paralanguage.
41
(3 marks)
Answer :
Limitation of para language
1. Para language cannot be fully relied upon as it is only a like
language.
2. Listener has to be open minded otherwise the para language may
prejudice him.
3. Para language can thus be misleading or misguiding.
4. It requires extra care to get the exact content of the language.
5. Due to speakers belonging to different speech community it is
difficult to achieve uniformity
42. 42
"Communication in an organization is a multidirectional". Discuss the
statement by explaining briefly the different types of channels of
communication based on directions of communication.
(7 marks)
Answer :
Yes, it is true that communication in an organisation is multidirectional or
multidimensional. There a various directions in which it flows. It usually takes
the form of the pyramid. On the basis of direction, communication may be of
four types :—
1. Downward Communication : Communication that flows from the top
level of the organisation to the bottom level along with the scalar chain
are known as downward communication. Example for such type of
communication are orders, instructions, rules, policies, programmes and
directives etc. It specifies the extent of the subordinates authority and
their responsibility.
43. 43
2. Upward Communication : Upward communication is just the opposite of
downward communication. In this communication system, the message
is transmitted from the bottom of the organisation upwards to the top of
the organisation through the middle managers along with the line.
Usually this includes workers grievances, suggestions and reactions. This
communication system was not appreciated by the superiors. But it has
assured importance in modern times and is considered to be a main
source of motivating employees.
3. Horizontal Communication : The flow of information between
departments or people of equal level in an organisational structure may
be termed as horizontal or lateral communication. The two departments
may be under the same superior or may have different heads. Such
communication may be written or oral. The main object of lateral
communication is to co-ordinate the efforts of different departments or
persons.
44. 44
4. Diagonal Communication : Diagonal Communication is between people
who are neither in the same department nor on the same level of
organisational structure. It cuts across departmental lines. It generally
takes place when members cannot communicate effectively through other
channels.
These upward, downward, horizontal or diagonal communication may be
oral, written, formal, informal or even gestural.
44
45. BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION 45
1. NOISE
Any barrier Physical noise
/ machine / aircraft / TV Poor lighting / Poor
telephone connections / microphone /
adverse weather
2. Lack of planning – Lack of preparing
3. Semantic Barrier – Systematic study of meaning / sender and
receiver attach diff. meaning
“Take it” “Burn it”
4. Cultural Barriers - a. Welcoming
b. Surname / first name
c. ya / yes sir
d. Mr. Mrs.
e. North America
5. Wrong Assumptions. - Visit to a factory 45
46. 46
6. Emotions – Anger
Upset
Sad
Happy
Coming late
7. Filtering – Manipulate – to the favour receiver
8. Information overload SBI CARD
Reader’s Digest
Times of India insertions
9. Poor Retention People forget messages reaching them at
each level 30% of message is lost
10. Poor Listening
11. Goal Conflict Dept & sub dept / MT Com vs MT Science
12. Offensive style use persuasive style
46
47. 47
13. Long chain of Command Army general to soldier
14. Closed mind
47
48. What are the socio-psychological barriers to communication? 48
(5 marks)
Answer :
Communication to be effective should be free of barriers which obstruct
the free flow of communication. Social and psychological factors are the
most difficult barriers to communication. These consist of the following:
1. Attitude and opinions :
The personal attitude and opinions of the receiver often interfere with
communication. If the message is consistent with the receiver's
attitude and opinion they receive it favourably. When the message is
inconsistent with the receivers attitude and opinions, they are not
likely to be received favourably.
2. Emotions :
Emotions like fear. anger, worry, nervousness block the mind. It also
blurs the thinking power and one fails to organise the message
properly. When the message is not organised properly it cannot be
conveyed effectively.
49. 49
3. Status difference :
Status consciousness is a very serious barrier. Subordinates fail to
communicate to with their superiors because either they are too
conscious of their low status or too afraid of being snubbed off.
Similarly many executives keep distance from their subordinates
thinking it too degrading to consult them.
4. In attention :
In attention arises due to mental preoccupations or distractions. These
causes barriers to communication.
5. Closed mind :
A person with closed mind is not willing to listen and is not prepared to
reconsider his opinion. As such it is very difficult to communicate with
such person.
6. Distrust :
Distrust after fails to deliver the right message. When the receiver is
biased or hostile towards the sender the message is either ignored or
misinterpreted.
50. 50
7. Poor retention :
Successive transmission of the message are decreasingly accurate.
In the process of transmission a part of the message is lost at every
stage. This is because of poor retention on the part of the receiver.
Thus incomplete message is conveyed.
8. Premature evaluation :
Premature evaluation prevents effective communication. Some people
form a judgement even before receiving the complete message. And
once judgement is already formed the mind is closed to the rest of the
message.
51. 51
90% of the problems in any organisation are caused by ineffective
communication. How ? (Give any five reasons) (5 marks)
Answer :
It is very true that 90% of the problems in any organisation are caused by
ineffective communication. It is evident from the following:
1. Unclear message :
When the sender is not sure of what he wants to communicate, why
he wants to do it, to whom he wants to communicate, his message
can never be clear. This is more because a clear message can never
be sent from unclear mind.. An unclear massage is likely to be
decoded in different ways giving different meanings.
2. Incomplete message :
Incomplete messages keep the receiver guessing. This creates
misunderstanding and often delays action.
3. Incorrect message :
When incorrect message is communicated, wrong decisions are taken
in light of incorrect message.
52. 52
4. Absence of attention :
Both the receiver and sender has to pay their full attention. Lack of
attention leads to distortion of message giving out a different meaning.
5. Noise :
Ineffective communication also results from noise. Noise acts as a
major barrier to communication. Noise distracts the persons and
incorrect message is conveyed.
53. PARTS OF BUSINESS LETTER 53
1 Head Address
2 Reference No.
3 Date
4. Inside address
5. Attention line
53
54. 54
6. Salutation
7. Subject / Caption line
8. Body
9. Complimentary close
10. Signature
54
57. CHAPTER 14 57
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
1. It is the passive communication skill which makes
people around you feel good
2. It conveys respect for other person
3. It is important during a conflict
4. It focuses on solutions for solving problem
57
58. 58
5. It does not impose solutions
6. It reflects honesty and integrity
7. It demonstrates equality
8. It reflects communicators open mindedness
9. Communicator shows concern for the other party
58
59. 59
Principles Interpersonal Communication
1. Few participants are involved
2. Close physical proximity
3. Immediate feed-back
4. It is irreversible -(Bullet/words out of month)
5. It is contextual
Relation Situational Environmental Cultural
Context Context Context Context
(Reaction to Class room Furniture Rude
each other) Board room Locations Mild
Temperature Politeness
Time Trustworthiness
Season 59
60. Functions of Interpersonal Communication 60
1. Gain Information about others
How they think
We know them better
2. Build understanding Content message – meaning
Relationship
message – how it is send
3. Establish identity Image we present to
Others
Based on our
relationship
4. Interpersonal Needs
People feel to be included in group – groups provide outlet to express.
Some people don’t want to be leaders. For them groups provide control
over the aspects of their lives. 60
61. 61
ACTIVE LISTENING
1. Hearing and Listening
a. Sensing
b. Filtering
c. Remembering
61
62. Guidelines for active listening 62
1. Stop Talking
2. Put the talker at ease
3. Show the talker, you want to listen
4. Remove distraction
5. Be patient
6. Hold your Temper
7. Go easy on arguments / criticisms
8. Show an open mind
9. Empathize
10. Ask questions
62
63. CRITICAL THINKING – (CT) 63
1. Questioning every aspect of our thinking process
2. It is known as Socratic questioning
3. Critical thinking is the skilful use of
1. Experience 1. Decisions
FOR
2. Information 2. Actions
GUIDING
USE OF
3. Observation 3. Beliefs
4. Reasoning
63
64. 64
What is Critical Thinking ?
The use of Experience , Information , Observation, and
Reasoning for Guiding Decisions, Actions and Beliefs.
64
65. 65
4. C.T. means questioning Every step in your thinking process
such as
a. Have you tested your assumptions ?
b. Is your reasoning sound ?
c. Are you sure that your judgment is unbiased?
d. Is the thinking process logical ?
e. Is the thinking process complete ?
5. C.T. helps you take good judgements / ethics
6. C.T. leads to success and wisdom
65
66. For C.T., we need to develop skills to 66
a. Analyze cause and effect
b. Classify sequence
c. Compare and contrast
d. Infer (external logic to solutions)
e. E valuate
f. Observe
g. Predict
h. Rationalize
i. Prioritize
j. Summarize 66
67. QUALITIES OF A CRITICAL THINKER 67
Open Well Experimental Contextual True conclusions
Minded informed
(Be open
(all fronts) (“what if”) (Relevant) (fact)
to others)
67
68. 68
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE (E.I.)
1. Everyday emotions affect our lives influence and our
decisions
2. E.I. refers to the capacity to recognize ones own feelings
vis-à-vis those of others
3. E.I. helps to motivate our self and manage the emotions
in oneself and manage as well as in our relationships.
4. E.I. or E.Q. is different from I.Q.
5. I.Q. measures cognitive capabilities which E.Q. measures
non cognitive capabilities.
6. E.Q. is complimentary to academic intelligence
68
69. 69
7. E.Q. protect our health from Toxic emotions
8. May people with high IQ, but lower EQ end up working for people who have
lower IQ but higher EQ.
9. Future belongs to those who have relationship skills
10. Everyone acquires a set of emotions by birth. E.g. Self awareness / Self
Discipline / Sympathy But they can be structured and strengthened
through out our adulthood.
11. Therefore, all leading organizations put lot of stress on nurturing and
sharpening the EQ of their people.
69
70. COMPETENCIES OF EQ 70
Personal Competence Social Competence
Self awareness Social awareness Relationship
management
70
71. 71
CHAPTER 15
GROUP DYNAMICS
1. Group is a collection of people
2. Not a Random collection
3. Different from crowd
GROUP DYNAMICS
Dynamic is a Greek word which means “force”. So group Dynamics should mean
“forces” operating within a group such as
1. Internal nature of the group
2. Formation of those groups
3. Structure & processes
4. The way group affects individuals
5. The way group affects other groups 71
72. 72
In other words, “Group Dynamic is continuously changing and adjusting relationships
among group members”.
Like individuals, groups also have their personality.
Characteristics of group personality :
1. Spirit of conformity
2. Respect for group values
3. Resistance to change
4. Group prejudice
5. Collective power
72
73. GROUPTHINK 73
1. It is the weakness of “Decision Making” of the group
2. Group members look for consensus and conformity
3. When it is extended / stretched too for, it leads to “group think”.
4. Free ideas become causality.
5. The overwhelming desire of the members to arrive at unanimity
leads to “Group think”.
6. Due to group think, group members fail to explore alternative
solutions.
7. This is because the group wants to present a “unified or cohesive”
image to outsiders.
73
74. 74
HOW TO REDUCE GROUPTHINK?
Open Divide into Group members Conduct a Develop
discussions sub discuss with special diverse
groups trusted meetings for ideas
outsiders misgivings opinions &
seemed arguments
guessing etc.
are aired
74
76. PROCESS / STEPS FOR NEGOTIATION 76
Step 1 PREPARING Expect unforeseen situations
Step 2 ARGUING Build a case based on logic & Strength
Step 3 SIGNALLING Aware of dead lock
Step 4 PROPOSING Propose solutions
Step 5 PACKAGING Consider all proposals
Step 6 BARGAINING what we can exchange for consensus
Step 7 CLOSING make final decision
Step 8 AGREEING Seal it & Sign
Both side happy Shake hands
Good bye
76
77. CHAPTER 16 77
ETHICS IN COMMUNICATION
1. Meaning of “ethos” & ethics
2. In the field of communication ethics deal with “Right &
wrong”, “Fair & unfair” in communication
3. Ethical communication includes :
(a) All relevant information
(b) True in all respect
(c) Accuracy & sincerity
(d) Not hiding negative news
77
78. 78
(e) Portray graphic data fairly
(f) Honest with employees, clients, suppliers, shareholders and public
(g) Acting in good faith
(h) Uphold organizational values
(i) Part of social Responsibility
78
79. ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN COMMUNICATION 79
1. Secrecy :
When & (a) Honorable and Acceptable
When not? (b) Dishonorable and inacceptable
2. Needless whistle – blowing
An employee goes public with information about corporate
abuses / negligence is known as whistle – blower
Community has Corporations have Greed, jealousy &
a right to know a legitimate right to Revenge motivate
about corporate expect employee – some whistle -
– practices loyalty blowers
79
80. 80
3. Leaks (Anonymous whistle – blowing) (good + Bad)
4. Rumours / gossips (Events / persons)
5. Lying
6. Euphemisms use of a less offensive expression
(Dilemma – good / bad)
“Died” “Bribe” “Stealing”
“Passed away” “Consideration Fee” “Borrowing
”
80
81. 81
Guidelines to handle ethical Dilemma is communication
Legal consideration Moral Consideration
If there is a law, there 1. Maintain candour
is no dilemma (Truth, Honest, Trust)
2. Accuracy
3. Avoid deception
4. Keep confidence
5. Timeliness
6. Confront in ethical behavior
81
82. 82
CHAPTER 17
COMMUNICATING CORPORATE CULTURE / CHANGE
What is culture?
Culture is the way we live & think. It is the collection of
attitudes, beliefs and values that sustain and direct our lives our
perception is shaped by our culture.
What is corporate culture?
Like individuals, corporates also have culture.
“It is the personality of an organization”
Values, beliefs and corporate ethics determine corporate culture.
The appropriateness of all actions are governed by corporate
culture.
82
83. ELEMENTS OF CORPORATE CULTURE
83
1. The Paradigm - Vision / Mission / Values
2. Origination Structure
3. Power structure - (DM centers)
4. Control system
5. Symbols - Co. logo / symbols
6. Rituals & Routines
7. Stories & Myths (Founders)
TATA Steel Ltd.
83
84. Organizational Change : 84
Means change in
Mission New Technology Merger collaboration TQM BPR 6 sigmas
Why people resist to change
Loss at From a Uncertainty
personal level status quo principle
Security why change? what to expect
Friends Status quo fine People don’t know
Contacts change more
Money harmful
Freedom objectionable
Pride way of change
Responsibility negative attitude
Authority towards change
Good working Challenge to authority
Conditions / status More confusion
84
85. REASONS FOR ACCEPTING CHANGE 85
Personal Gain Other factors
More security New challenge
More Money Respect the source
More Authority Liked how it was
More Status communicated
More Pride Reduce Boredown
Better wo : Conditions Better future
Self-satisfaction perception that
Less time & effort change is needed
COMMUNICATION AND CHANGE – APPROACHES
(How to overcome resistance?)
Communication Education Involvement
85
86. 86
How to change?
design a communication system for change
What to To whom to When to How to
communicate ? communicate ? communicate ? communicate ?
Maximum To all who are As early as possible Oral
information of directly & indirectly – Before, during and
grapevine exists affected & involved after implementation
confuse convey your No one should be of change
own feelings / left out
concerns / Written
employees feel that
you are a part of 1. Quick feedback 1. Record is needed
them 2. Cool down emotions 2. Message is complex
3. Express drafts 3. Requires repeated
4. Message is reading
confidential 4. Copies to be circulated
5. Message is personal 5. Stepwise procedure is
6. Personalities needed required
7. Discussion is needed
86
87. INNOVATION 87
1. Doing new things or existing things in different ways.
2. Different from invention – identifying something unknown is
invention doing new things for different ways is innovation.
3. Barriers to innovation :
(a) Highly structured organization
(b) Group thinking
(c) Authorization style
(d) Too many rules & regulations
(e) Lack of Research
(f) Short Term focus
(g) Over consultation
87
88. 88
HOW TO BUILD AN INNOVATIVE ORGANIZATION?
1. Acceptability
2. Reward – Recognition
3. Boost innovation
4. Sound information system
5. Faster informal communication
6. Bureaucracy Vs. Chaos
88
89. 89
CHAPTER 18 (1)
COMMUNICATION IN
BUSINESS ENVIORNMENT
(Drafting of Documents)
89
90. 90
Draft a Specimen of Notice of a Board Meeting along with Agenda of
the First Board Meeting.
90
91. Specimen of Notice of Board Meeting 91
Notice of the Board Meeting
ABC Ltd.
(Regd. Office __________)
To,
(Director)
Dear Sir / Madam,
This is to inform you that the first meeting of the Board of directors will be held at the
Registered Office of the company on 5th September, 2011 at 3.00 p.m. to transact the
business as per the enclosed agenda.
You are requested to please attend the meeting.
Yours faithfully,
By order of the Board,
Encl. – Agenda
Place ………………..
Date …………………
Secretary. 91
92. Agenda of First Board Meeting 92
(Specimen)
Agenda
1. To elect the chairman of the meeting.
2. To produce the Certificate of Incorporation, the Memorandum and the Articles of
Association.
3. To Appoint Managing Director.
4. To Appoint Secretary.
5. To Appoint Auditors.
6. To Appoint Bankers and to open Bank A/c.
7.To adopt company’s seal.
8. To fix quorum for the Board’s meeting.
9. To discuss any other business with the permission of the Chair. 92
93. 93
Draft an Agenda of a Subsequent Board Meeting of Board of Directors
OR Routine BOD Meeting
Ans. Agenda of the Subsequent Board Meeting
Agenda
1.To read and approve the minutes of the last Board meeting.
2.To consider application for transfer of shares.
3.To consider letter of resignation of the Manager of Kanpur Branch.
4.To consider trading returns for the quarter ended ….. 20 …...
5.To consider any other business with the permission of the Chair.
93
94. Draft Notice Convening Statutory Meeting 94
MT Educare Ltd.
Regd. Office D.D. Road Mulund Mumbai 400 080
To,
The Members
Notice Convening Statutory Meeting U/S 165
Notice is hereby given that the Statutory Meeting of the members of the company will
be held on Monday, the 25th of November 2011 at 10 am at Kalidas
Hall, Mulund, Mumbai 400080.
94
95. Agenda
95
To consider and pass the Statutory Report.
To discuss the progress made by the Company since in corporation.
To produce the list of Members U/s 165(6)
To discuss any other matter with the permission of the chair.
Place : Mumbai By order of the board,
Sd/-
Dated : 1st November 2011
Secretary
95
96. NOTES 96
A member entitled to attend the meeting is also entitled to appoint a proxy to attend a
vote on his / her behalf.
Proxy may or may not be a member.
Proxy duly stamped and signed should reach the Register Office of the Company at
least 48 hours before the time of the meeting.
96
97. Notice of extra ordinary General Meeting 97
Notes : Other contents, remaining the same, only agenda is drafted here.
Agenda
1. To consider and pass the special resolution for alteration of Articles of Association
dealing with quorum for Board Meeting.
2. To change the name of the Company from “Mahesh Tutorials Ltd ” to MTEducare
Ltd.
3. To discuss matters relating to the expansion activities of the Company and to
finalise the issue of GDR / ADR for financing expansion.
4. To discuss any other matter with the permission of the chair.
NOTES
1.About Proxy
2.Explanatory statements for items 1, 2 and 3 U/s 173 97
98. 98
CHAPTER 18 (2)
SPECIMEN MINUTES OF VARIOUS BOARD
MEETINGS
98
99. 99
1. Specimen minutes of the first Board meeting (Tabular from)
JAIPUR INTERNATIONAL TRADERS LIMITED
Minutes
Of the first meeting of the Board of Directors held on Wednesday, the 13th July 2011,
at 3 p.m. at the Registered Office the Company at 20, Kalbadevi Road, Mumbai.
Present :
Shri H.S. Rawat (In the chair)
Shri M.K. Daftari (Director)
Shri T. K. Yadav (Director)
Shri M.S. Solani (Secretary)
M/s H.L. Desai & Compnay Auditors
99
100. 100
No. of
Minutes Subject of Minutes Details of Minutes
1. Chairman of Meeting Shri H.S. Rawat was unanimously elected
Chairman of the meeting.
2. Chairman of Company Resolved : “That Shri H.S. Rawat be, and he is
hereby appointed Chairman of the Board and of
the Company.”
3. Incorporation and Shri Sanjay Jain, the Solicitor of the Company,
appointment of produced Certificate of 30th June 19.., and
Incorporation dated reported that all the directors present had
signed usual acceptance of office.
100
101. 101
No. of
Subject of Minutes Details of Minutes
Minutes
4. Appointment of Resolved : “That Shri M.S. Solani, be and he is
Secretary hereby appointed Secretary of the Company at a
salary of Rs.8,500 per month, the appointment to be
terminable on three months’ notice on either, side
and that an agreement embodying these and other
terms applicable to Company’s officers be drawn up
accordingly.
5. Appointment of Resolved : “That Messrs. Sanjay and Company,
Solicitors Solicitors, Kalbadevi Road, Mumbai, be and they are
hereby appointed Solicitors of the Company.
6. Appointment of Resolved : “That the Punjab National Bank,
Bankers Kalbadevi Road, Mumbai, branch, be and they are
hereby appointed bankers to the Company and that
the Secretary be and he is hereby authorised to
open an account with the said bank.”
101
102. 102
No. of
Minutes Subject of Minutes Details of Minutes
7. Seal Shri Surinder Kumar Khanna, Secretary, produced
designs and estimates for the common seal of the
Company.
8. Next meeting The next meeting of the board was fixed to be held
on Wednesday, the 27th July, 19.. at 4 p.m.
Place : Mumbai Sd/- Sd/-
Dated : July 2011. M.S. Solani H.S. Rawat
Secretary Chairman
102
103. 103
2. Minutes of a subsequent Board meeting (Tabular form)
REDDY AND JAGDALE LIMITED
Minutes
Of the Board Meeting held at the registered office of the Company at 12,
Bazar Road, Nasik on 20th October 2011, at 4 p.m.
Present :
Shri. K.D. Reddy (in the Chair)
Shri. M.C. Reddy
Shri. P.L. Jagdale
Shri. B.K. Reddy
In attendance:
Shri. S. K. Das Gupta, Secretary
103
104. No. of
Subject of Minutes Details of Minutes
104
Minutes
21. Minutes of the previous The minutes of the previous Board meeting held on
Meeting October 15, 19 .. were read out by the Secretary and
confirmed by the meeting.
22. Share transfers Resolved : “That a committees consisting of Shri P.L.
Jagdale and Shri B.K. Reddy, directors be and is hereby
appointed for the purpose of share transfers and
transmissions in terms of the Articles of Association of the
Company.
23. Export of Indian Resolved : “That a Committee consisting of Shri M.C.
Handicrafts Reddy and Shri P.L. Jagdale, Directors and Shri S.K. Das
Gupta, Secretary be and is hereby appointed for
exporting Indian handicrafts to the States and other
western Countries.”
25. Next meeting The next meeting of the Board was fixed for 27th October
19.. at 3 p.m. at the Registered office of the Company
Place : Mumbai Sd/- Sd/-
Dated : October 2011 S. K. Das Gupta K. D. Reddy
Secretary Chairman
104
105. 3. Specimen minutes of the statutory meeting 105
S.M. MAHADEVAN AND COMPANY LIMITED
Registered Office ---
Minutes of the statutory meeting of the Company held at the Registered office of the
Company on Monday, the 11th April, 19.. at 2 p.m.
Present :
Shri M.K. Dastoor (in the Chair)
Shri G.K. Munim (Director)
Shri S.M. Patel (Director)
Shri P.L. Sampat (Director)
Prof. K.S. Nair (Secretary)
M/s Shah & Company (Chartered Accountants)
And 40 shareholders as per list attached
105
106. 106
In attendance :
Shri R.S. Daruwala, Secretary
Shri M.A. Hashmat, Solicitor
1. Notice of the meeting
The Secretary read the Notice dated 10th March 19.. convening the
meeting.
2. Chairman’s Remarks
The Chairman reported that the meeting was convened in compliance with
Section 165 of the Companies Act, 1956.
3. List of Shareholders
The Chairman told the members that a list of the shareholders had been put
on the notice board of the Company and was open to inspection during the
course of the meeting.
106
107. 107
4. Statutory report and Chairman’s address
The Statutory report was then taken up. The Chairman reviewed the
activities of the Company since its incorporation and referred to its financial
position and business prospects. He also invited discussion and questions on
the Report which were satisfactorily answered.
5. Adoption of Report
It was when moved that the Statutory Report as presented be approved.
Accordingly, it was unanimously
Resolved : “That the Statutory Report be and is hereby approved.”
6. Vote of Thanks
K.S. Nair, the secretary of the company proposed a vote of thanks to the
chair and the meeting terminated.
Sd/- Sd/-
Place : Mumbai R.S. Daruwala M.K. Dastoor
Dated : 19th April 2011 Secretary Chairman
107
108. 108
4.Specimen minutes of an Annual General Meeting.
BANGLORE CHEMICALS LIMITED
Minutes
Of the Fourteenth Annual general Meeting of the Company held at the Registered
Office on Saturday, the 15th October 19.. at 4 p.m.
Present :
Shri Ajit Haldar (in the Chair)
Shri Topas Majumdar (Director)
Shri G.M. Thakur (Director)
Shri Vinayak Deshpande (Director)
Shri Mohan Chandan (Director)
108
109. 109
In attendance :
Shri Rakesh Dayal, Secretary
Shri A.K. Pradhan, Solicitor
And 125 shareholders, whose names are given in the attached list.
1. Notice of the meeting and the Auditors report
The Secretary read the notice convening the meeting and the Report of the
Auditors of the accounts.
2. Directors Report and Accounts
The Chairman suggested that the Directors’ report and the Accounts issued
therewith be taken as read. In his address, he referred to the all round
progress made by the Company. He outlined the diversification projects of the
Company and expressed the hope that the Company would continue to de
satisfactory business during the period to follow. He moved
“That the Directors’ report and Accounts as audited by the Company Auditors
now before the Meeting be and are hereby approved and adopted.”
109
110. 110
3. Dividend
The following resolution was passed
“That a dividend of Rs. 15 per equity share, subjected to income tax as
recommended by the Directors be and is hereby approved and the said
dividend be paid to the Shareholders whose names stood on the books of the
Company as on 6th December, 19..
4. Election of Directors
Resolved : “That Shri Vinayak Deshpande, the retiring director of the
Company being eligible for re-election be and is hereby elected director of
the Company.”
This resolution was unanimously adopted.
Resolved: “That Shri M.S. Lamba, the retiring director of the
Company, being eligible for re-election be and is hereby elected director of
the Company.”
This resolution was also unanimously adopted.
110
111. 111
5. Appointment of Auditors
Resolved : “That Messrs. Suneja and Pradhan, the retiring auditors be
re-appointed as auditors of the Company from the conclusion of this meeting
until the conclusion of the next Annual General Meeting at a fee of
Rs. 10,000 p.a.
6. Vote of Thanks
The meeting terminated with a cordial vote of thanks to the Chairman.
Sd/- Sd/-
Place : Mumbai Rakesh Daya Ajit Haldar
Dated : 19th October 2011 Secretary Chairman
111
112. ANOTHER 112
SPECIMEN OF MINUTES OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
DIAMOND INDIA LIMITED
Regd. Office : 777, S. V. Road, Mumbai – 400 092.
MINUTES of the 25th Annual General Meeting held on Feb. 26, 2007, at the Registered
Office of the Company, 777, S. V. Road, Mumbai – 400 092, at 5 p.m.
Present : Brijesh Patel Chairman
Madan Lal Director
Chetan Chauhan Director
Farooq Engineer Director
Ajit Wadekar Director
Ashok Mankad Director
With 99 Shareholders (List attached)
112
113. In attendance : Sandeep Patil Secretary
113
Bishen S. Bedi Auditor
Kirti Azad Solicitor
Sr.
No. Subject of Minutes Details of Minutes
1. Notices of Meeting : The Secretary Shri Sandeep Patil read the notice
convening the meeting dated January 25, 2007
2. Directors’ Report and With the permission of the members, the Directors
Annual Accounts : Report and the Annual Accounts as printed &
circulated were taken as read. It was resolved that
annual accounts for the year ending December 31,
2006 as audited and certified by the Company’s
Auditor Shri Bishen Singh Bedi, be received and
adopted.
3. Auditor’s Report : Shri Bishen Singh Bedi, Auditors of the Company read
the auditor’s report on the Annual Accounts and the
Balance Sheet. It was resolved that the auditor’s
report, be received and adopted. 113
114. 114
Sr.
No. Subject of Minutes Details of Minutes
4. Chairman’s Speech : The Chairman Shri Brijesh Patel made a brief review of
the present performance and future prospects of the
Company. He invited & answered questions from the
members to the satisfaction of all those members who
were present at the meeting.
5. Declaration of Dividend : The dividend recommended by the Board of Directors at
the rate of 50% on Equity Shares of the Company was
approved by the member. Necessary resolution in this
respect was passed. “RESOLVED” that the dividend
recommended by the Board of Directors for the year
ended December 31, 2006 at the rate of 50%, be and is
hereby approved.”
6. Re-appointment of Director “RESOLVED that Shri Madan Lal, Director of the Company,
: retiring by rotation and being eligible for re-election, be
and he is hereby re-elected as Directors of the Company
for another term”.
7. Appointment of Director : “RESOLVED that Shri Roger Binny, be and he is hereby
appointed as Director of the Company in place of Shri Ajit
Wadekar, whose term of Office expired this year.
114
115. 115
Sr.
No. Subject of Minutes Details of Minutes
8. Special Business : The Board’s proposal for the expansion and
modernization of the plant located at Andheri, Mumbai, is
approved by the members present at the meeting.
9. Appointment of Auditor : Resolved that Shri Bishen Singh Bedi, Auditor of the
Company, be and he is hereby reappointed auditor for
the year 2007 and that his remuneration be fixed at Rs.
40,000 per annum.
10. Vote of Thanks : Shri Farooq Engineer proposed the vote of thanks to the
Chair and the Chairman declared the meeting as closed.
Place : Mumbai Sandip Patil Brijesh Patel
Date : March 8, 2007 SECRETARY CHAIRMAN
115
116. SPECIMEN MINUTES OF EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING116
SYNDICATE INDIA LIMITED
Regd. Office : 55, Abade Faria Road, Margao Goa 403 601
MINUTES of the Extraordinary General Meeting held at the Registered Office of the
Company, 55, Abade Faria Road, Margao Goa, on March 5, 2007, at 5 p.m.
Present : Shakespeare Chairman
Jeanette Rebello Director
Socrates Dias Director
Farooq Engineer Director
Ajit Wadekar Director
Ashok Mankad Director
With 55 Shareholders (List attached)
116
117. 117
In attendance : Verus D’Sa Secretary
Desmond D’Costa Solicitor
Glen Furtado Auditor
1. Notice of the Meeting : The Secretary Shri Verus D’Sa read the notice dated
February 5, 2007, convening the meeting.
2. Removal of Director : Shri Kennedy Rodrigues, Director of the Company to be
removed from the Board of Directors for his anti-company activities. Shri Kennedy
Rodrigues was to be intimated of the decision by the Secretary.
“RESOLVED that Shri Kennedy Rodrigues, be and he is hereby removed from the Office
of Directorship with immediate effect.”
3. Approval of Rights Issue : The proposed rights issue of 1,00,000 Equity Shares of Rs.
10 each at a premium of Rs. 60 to the existing shareholders in the proportion of one
share for every two shares held, was approved by the members present at the
meeting.
117
118. 118
Resolved that the Company to proceed with the rights issue of 1,00,000 Equity Shares
of Rs. 10 each at a premium of Rs. 60 to the existing shareholders in the proportion of
one share for every two shares held, to finance the proposed expansion and
modernization of the plant located at Arlem, Salcete – Goa.
4. Vote of Thanks : Ms. Priya D’Costa proposed a vote of thanks to the Chair and the
Chairman declared the meeting as closed.
Place : Goa V. D’sa S. Colaco
Date : March 8, 2007 SECRETARY CHAIRMAN
118
119. ANOTHER SIMPLE ANNUAL / DIRECTORS REPORT
119
ANNUAL REPORT (DIRECTORS’ REPORT) OF A COMPANY
HIGHLAND INDIA LIMITED
201, Excel Road, Mumbai – 400 001
DIRECTORS’ REPORT
Dear Shareholders,
We have pleasure in presenting our 45th Annual Report together with the audited
Accounts of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2009.
1.Operations & General :
We are glad to report that your Company has recorded further improvement in its
results during the year. Our group turnover during the year increased to Rs. 500 crore,
an increase of 30% over the last year and the gross profit also increased from Rs. 35
crore to Rs. 50 crore. The exports increased to Rs. 40 crore, as compared to Rs. 30
crore of last year.
119
120. 120
2.Financial Highlights :
Figures in lacs
Last yr. Current yr.
Sales -
Profit Before tax -
Less : Provision for Tax -
Profit After tax -
Appropriations :
Dividends -
Tax on dividend -
General reserve -
Balance to Profit & Loss A/c -
120
121. 3.Dividend :
121
For the financial year ended December 31, 2009, the Board has recommended a
dividend of 25% per Equity Share.
4.Personnel Relations :
Cordial relations were maintained with the employees in all units at all levels. We
thank the Officers, Staff and Workers of the Company for the dedicated work put in by
them. As a matter of fact, an award of excellence in Industrial Relations in
Maharashtra State was presented to out Andheri unit by the Finance Minister.
5.Directors :
Shri K. S. Nair was appointed as Managing Director with effect from November 25,
2011. He was earlier the Vice – President (Finance) of our Company.
Shri Leena Nair, Jayshree Mohan, Pankaj Mehta retire from the Board by rotation and
being eligible offer themselves for re-election.
121
122. 122
6.Auditors :
Observations made in the Auditors’ Report are self explanatory and do not require
further clarification.
You are requested to appoint Auditors for the current Financial Year and fix their
remuneration.
Mumbai On behalf of the Board,
March 5, 2012 Sd/-
MAHESH SHETTY
Managing Director
Sd/-
Anish Thakkar
Director
122
123. PRESS RELEASES 123
1. All News Papers devote some space for Corporate News.
2. The news items printed therein are prepared on the basis of press Releases
Handouts supplied by various organisations.
3. Press Releases Do not bring any money / gain either to the Company or to the news
paper.
4. Press Releases helps to boost the image of the Company.
5. Every organisation has a PRO – It is the who releases important news.
6. Press Releases usually covers :
1. Important top level appointments.
2. Conferences.
3. Visits of VIP
123
124. 4. Signing contracts
124
5. Commissioning of plant.
6. Launching New Product
7. Getting export order.
8. Entry into Capital Market.
7. PRO issues Press Releases to all news papers into a request to publish them.
8. News papers / Magazines may / may not publish them.
9. Different from Press Report – Prepared by journalists on the basis of Press
Releases. It is done by correspondent.
124
125. 125
Guide Lines for Drafting Press Releases
Press Releases should be news worthy
True / Brief / Precise
Simple Language
Every Press Release must have a heading
May / may not have sub heading.
Accompanied by covering letter.
125
126. Suzlon Energy Rises 7% on Ceat Records Loss of Rs 34 cr
126
Wind Farm Sale Buzz E
X for Nine Months
MUMBAI Suzlon Energy shares rose 7% to touch
MUMBAI In the story headlined 'Anant Goenka to
an intra-day high of Rs30.25 on media re-ports A take over as Ceat's new MD' which appeared on
that the company's subsidiary in Brazil has sold
wind farms worth $300 million. How-ever, shares M Tuesday, it was mentioned that Ceat posted a loss
of z 33.9 crore for the October-December quarter.
of the company shed gains to end at Rs29.20. up P The loss is actually for the nine months ended
3.4%, after market participants realised that the L December and not for the third quarter. The error
order was a part of an earlier deal and would not
have any financial implica-tions for the company. E is regretted.
S
HDIL Promoters Pledge Dunar Foods Raises Rs.124 cr
Shares with IL&FS Trust O
from IFC, TVS Cap
MUMBAI Promoters of realty developer Hous-ing F BANGALORE Dunar Foods, a basmati rice
Development & Infrastructure (HDIL) have
proc-essing company based in Haryana, has
pledged 16.02 crore shares, or 38.24%, of their
P raised z124 crore of equity capital from two
stake in the in favor of IL&FS Trust Company. In a
investors, International Finance Corp. a World
regulatory filing with the Bombay Stock Exchange R Bank affil-iate, and TVS Capital. "IFC led the
on Tuesday, IL&FS disclosed that the developers
have created additional pledge for 34.72% stake
E round with an investment of i74 crore," said
S Surender Gupta, MD of Dunar Foods. For TVS
in their favor, taking the total pledged stake to
Capital, which put in z50 crore.
38.24% of HDIL's equity. S
R
E lnfosys, UK's Fabric Bag
Corrigendum: SBI has no 'Large' GSK Order
L
Plans to Lend to Kingfisher BANGALORE Infosys and Britain's Fabric
On February 22, we had claimed that SBI had lent E Worldwide, a provider of digital marketing
Rs 1,200 crore to Kingfisher Airlines, in-cluding a A technology, have won a large order from
working capital of z400 crore. How-ever, the story S Glax-oSmithKline to support the pharma
was subsequently denied by the $Ell and its company's global marketing campaigns. Infosys
chairman Pratip Chaudhuri. E said. It de-clined to give the specific size of the
S order. "I can only say it is a large (order).
126
127. 127
SPECIMEN PRESS RELEASES
THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA
PRESS RELEASE
Current Examinations Rescheduled
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) has rescheduled the Chartered
Accountants Examinations scheduled to be held in May 2010 in view of the Elections
to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in the months of April / May 2010.
The Chartered Accountants, IPCC, PCC and CA-Final Examinations, scheduled earlier to
be held from 3rd May to 11th May 2010 have now been rescheduled to commence from
4th May 2010 and will be held upto 12th May 2010. The revised examination-wise date
schedule is available on the ICAI website www.icai.org.
127
128. CORPORATE ANNOUNCEMENTS
128
CORPORATE ANNOUNCEMENTS BY STOCK EXCHANGES
1. Rama Newsprint And Papers Ltd. Has informed the exchange that ICICI Bank Ltd.
(ICICI) has withdrawn nomination of Shri Adbnut as its Nominee Directors of the
Company w.e.f. August 2, 20x1 and has appointed Ms. Neeta Mukerji as its Nominee
Director on the Board of the Company w.e.f. August 2, 20x1.
2. Reliance Graphics & Technologies Ltd. Has informed the Exchange regarding a press
release dated 15th July 20x2 ‘Reliance Gold’. The details of the press release shall be
available on the NES website (http://www.nseindia.com) under Corporate> Latest
Announcements and on the Extranet Server (/Common/Corporate Announcements.
3. RPL Ltd. Has informed the Exchange that the Board of Directors vide their Circular
resolution effective August 04, 2008 resolved to issue and allot 50000 equity shares
of Rs. 10/- each pursuant to exercise of the stock options by the eligible employees
under the RPL Employee Stock Options Plans i.e., RPLSOP 2001 and RPLSD 2002.
128
129. CORPORATE ANNOUNCEMENTS 129
4. Board Meetings Announced
Company Reliance Publications Ltd.
NSE Symbol Compiler
Board Meeting Date 30.09.20x2
Purpose Audited Accounts/ Others
Details To consider and approve the Audited Annual
Accounts for the financial year ended March 31,
20x2 and to fix the day, date and time of the AGM
of the Company.
Scrip Code : 532461 Company Name : PUNJAB NATBK APRIL 11, 2007
129
130. 130
CORPORATE ANNOUNCEMENTS
Punjab National Bank – Change in BPLR
5. Punjab National Bank has informed BSE that BPLR of the Bank has been revised from
the existing level of 12.25% p.a. to 13.00% p.a. effective April 16, 2007
Company : Celebrity Fashions Limited NSE Symbol: CELEBRITY
6. Celebrity Fashions Limited has informed the Exchange that “The Company would publish the
audited results for the financial year ended 31st March 2007, within a period of 3 months
from the end of the quarter, i.e. on or before 30th June 2007”.
Company : Industrial Development Bank of India Limited NSE Symbol :
IDBI
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