This study evaluated the antimicrobial properties of clove, turmeric, and moringa extracts against various microbes. Clove oil showed broad-spectrum antibiotic activity against all microbes tested. Extracts of moringa and turmeric exhibited strong inhibition of Candida albicans. Clove extracts significantly inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, while clove oil showed significant inhibition of Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Promising extracts identified for further investigation include clove oil, turmeric alcohol and aqueous extracts, and moringa aqueous extract.

1. Bauer A.W., Kirby W.M., Sherris J., and Turch A.,
1966, Antibiotic susceptibility testing by
standardized single disk method. W. M.,
American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45:493
Objectives
Introduction
Methodology
References
Clove oil showed broad spectrum
antibiotic activity against all
microbes used in this study
followed by clove alcohol extract.
Potential antifungal activity of
moringa leaves and turmeric
rhizome was evident in this study.
Promising samples selected based
on this study for further
investigation are: Clove oil,
curcuma alcohol and aqueous
extracts, and moringa aqueous
extract. Bio-assay guided
fractionation and isolation of the
active constituents in pure forms
are to follow.
The search for antimicrobial agents
is endeavor due to continuous
development of bacterial resistance
to antibiotics available in the
market. Natural agents, especially
edible ones comprise a very
valuable resource for screening for
antimicrobial drugs since very safe
and eco-friendly comparing to
synthesized counterparts.
This study evaluated, in vitro, the
antimicrobial actions of three plants
namely Clove, Turmeric, and
Moringa. Different extracts of Clove
flower buds, Turmeric rhizomes,
and Moringa leaves in addition to
clove oil were bioscreened.
1- Evaluation of antimicrobial action
of different extracts of clove flower
buds, Turmeric rhizomes, Moringa
leaves in addition to clove oil.
2- Selecting promising samples for
further studies.
3- Establishing a drug discovery
oriented/ laboratory based project at
QU, College of Pharmacy female
section
Five pathogens (three gram negative
bacteria, namely Escherichia coli, Proteus
mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumonia
subspecies aerogenes, a gram positive
one, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida
albicans yeast) were used during this study.
Plant materials included: Clove oil and
clove aqueous and ethanol extracts [of the
dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum
(L.) Merr and Perry, syn. Eugenia
aromaticum or Eugenia caryophyllata of
Myrtacea plant family (brought from LOBA
Chemie Pvt., India, and from a local store
respectively)]. Aqueous and ethanol
extracts rhizomes of Curcuma domestica of
family Zingiberaceae (from Futurebiotics,
USA), and aqueous and ethanol extracts of
powdered leaves of Moringa oleifera of
family Moringaceae (from GreneraNutrients
Pvt. Ltd., India). Mainly standard paper disk
diffusion assay was performed and the
diameters of the inhibition zones obtained
were measured according to Bauer et al
(1966). Different sample concentrations
and other agar diffusion techniques were
experimented because of the variable
physical characters of the samples.
Working solutions of 300 microgram/ml
were used except in clove oil where it was
used undiluted.
Results
Extracts of moringa and turmeric
exhibited strong inhibition of candida
albicans. Clove oil showed significant
inhibition of Proteus mirabilis and
Klebsiella sp. growth while clove
extracts significantly inhibited the
growth of Staph. aureus
Discussion & Conclusions
Nadia Hashish, Siham A. Mohamed, Dalia El-Maraghy, Sara Ali, Fay Al-Oraini, Norah Al-Rubah, Aisha Al-Rasheedi
College of Pharmacy, Al-Qassim University
Antimicrobial Activities of Clove, Turmeric, and Moringa
QUMED 9th Annual
Research Day
Laminar flow hood at college of
Pharmacy, female section lab
From left to right: Clove flower buds & oil,
Turmeric rhizomes & capsules filled with the
powdered form, Moringa leaves & powdered leaf-
pack used in this study
Agar plates after 48 hr incubation showing
inhibition zones indicating antimicrobial activity
exhibited by some of the studied samples
E. coliP. mirabilisK. pneumoniaSample
+++++++1
+-+2
--+3
+++4
---5
---6
--+7
Effects of the studied samples on Gram
negative bacteria
Effects of the studied samples on
Staphylococcus aureus Gram positive bacteria
7654321Sample
----+++Result
Antifungal activities of the studied samples on
Candids albicans
7654321Sample
++++-++Result
+++ means diameter of the inhibition zone > 15mm, ++ (10-
15mm), + (<10mm)
1= Clove oil, 2= Clove alcohol extract, 3= Clove aqueous extract
4= Curcuma alcohol extract, 5= curcuma aqueous extract
6= Moringa alcohol extract, 7= Moringa aqueous extract
+++ means diameter of the inhibition zone > 15mm, ++ (10-
15mm), + (<10mm)
1= Clove oil, 2= Clove alcohol extract, 3= Clove aqueous
extract
4= Curcuma alcohol extract, 5= curcuma aqueous extract
6= Moringa alcohol extract, 7= Moringa aqueous extract
+++ means diameter of the inhibition zone > 15mm, ++ (10-
15mm), + (<10mm)
1= Clove oil, 2= Clove alcohol extract, 3= Clove aqueous
extract
4= Curcuma alcohol extract, 5= curcuma aqueous extract
6= Moringa alcohol extract, 7= Moringa aqueous extract